نسخۀ ناسخۀ مثنويات سقيمهFihrist: Union Catalogue of Manuscripts from the Islamicate WorldDecoration: Unwan.Dimensions: 10¾ × 6½ in.Hand: Nastaʻlīq.Record origin: Manuscript description based on: Beeston, A. F. L. (Alfred Felix Landon); Ethé, Hermann, 1844-1917; Sachau, Eduard, 1845-1930; Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstânî, and Pushtû manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford; at the Clarendon Press 1889-1953.
من ضمن المحتوى الجدير بالذكر:شرح لنصير الدين محمد بن محمد الطوسي (المتوفى في ١٢٧٤) نسخة أقليدس (Εὐκλείδης؛ أقليدس؛ عاش ٣٠٠ قبل الميلاد)
العناصر(الأصول) (صص. ٨٦ظ-٨٨و)؛النص بقلم نصير الدين محمد بن محمد الطوسي (المتوفى في ١٢٧٤) (صص.٨٨ظ-٨٩ظ)؛شرح بطلميوس، كلاوديوس بتوليمايوس، حوالي (٩٠- ١٦٨)
"المجسطي"(كتاب المجسطي) (ص. ٩٠و)؛نص حول تحديد
القبلة(في معرفة سمت القبلة) لأبو الريحان محمد بن أحمد البيروني، (حوالي ٩٧٣-١٠٤٨) (صص. ٩١ظ-٩٢و)؛نص حول تحديد
القبلة(في معرفة سمت القبلة) لنصير الدين محمد بن محمد الطوسي؛ (المتوفى في ١٢٧٤) (صص. ٩٢ظ)؛نص حول مبحث المرايا، مع رسومات بيانية مطولة (صص. ٩٤و-٩٥و)؛شرح حول أقليدس (Εὐκλείδης؛ عاش ٣٠٠ قبل الميلاد) (صص. ٩٥v-٩٦و)؛شكل يجمع جميع الأشكال الخاصة بأقليدس (Εὐκλείδης؛ أقليدس؛ عاش ٣٠٠ قبل الميلاد)
العناصر(الأصول) الكتاب الأول (صص. ٩٧ظ-٩٨و)؛مقتطف من قاضي زاده الرومي (المتوفى بعد ١٤٤٠) شرح عن محمود الجغميني (عاش في النصف الأول من القرن الثالث عشر)
الملخص في علم الحياة البسيطة(٩٨ظ-٩٩و)؛مقتطف من القوشجي (المتوفى في ١٤٧٤) (١٠٩٢ظ-١٠٣و)؛مقتطف من كمال الدين حسن الفارسي (المتوفى في ١٣١٩)
تنقيحمناظير بن الهيثم(صص ١١٤ظ-١١٥).صص. ٨٦ظ-١١٧و
Contents: 1. leaves 1b-52b: Nahr al-faṣāḥah. Treatise on correct diction in Persian.Contents: 2. leaves 53b-128b: Chār sharbat. Treatise on Persian prosody and composition; incomplete at end.Ms. codex.Description based on Martinovitch catalog.Origin: 19 Dhū al-Qaʻdah 1219 H 19 February 1805 (leaf 52b).
الجزء الثاني من مجموعة تحارير نصير الدين محمد بن محمد الطوسي (توفي في ١٢٧٤) لما يُطلق عليه "المتوسطات"، وهي نسخ عربية من النصوص اليونانية القديمة في الرياضيات والفلك وردود عربية عليها والتي كان يُفترض قراءتها بعد كتاب أقليدس
"العناصر"وكإعدادٍ لكتاب بطليموس
"المجسطي". الجزء الأول من هذه المجموعة موجود في المخطوطة IO Islamic 1249.الخط وأسلوب الزخرفة والتجليد يشيرون إلى أن المجلد جزءٌ من مجموعةٍ تتألف أيضًا من المخطوطتين IO Islamic 924 و IO Islamic 1249. ولأن الأخيرة نُسخت في عام ١١٩٨/١٧٨٤، غالبًا بتكليف من وارين هاستينجز، الحاكم العام للبنغال بين١٧٧٢ و ١٧٨٥ (أنظر جهة الوجه من الورقة الأمامية ii)، فإن ملاحظات المقارنة في هذه المخطوطة المؤرخة في شهري جمادى الأولى وشعبان دون الإشارة إلى العام تشير على الأرجح إلى ١١٩٨ (مارس-أبريل ويونيو-يوليو ١٧٨٤).يوجد عنوان شرحي باللغة الفارسية في جهة الوجه من الورقة الأمامية ii، وتوجد قوائم بالمحتويات باللغتين الفارسية والإنجليزية في جهة اليمين من الورقة الأمامية iii.المحتويات:(١) أوطولوقس،
De sphaera quae movetur(تحرير كتاب الكرة المتحركة; صص. 1ظ-10و);(٢) ثاوذوسيوس،
De habitationibus(تحرير كتاب المساكن؛ صص. 11ظ-21و);(٣) ثاوذوسيوس،
De diebus et noctibus(كتاب في الأيام والليالي; صص. 23ظ-51و);(٤) أرسطرخس،
De magnitudinibus et distantiis solis et lunae(في جرمي النيرين وبعديهما؛ صص. 52ظ-69و);(٥) أقليدس،
"العناصر"، الكتاب الأول (مقالهٔ اولى از كتاب اقليدس; صص. 71ظ-95و)(٦) أقليدس،
De levi et ponderoso(في الثقل والخفة وقياس الأجرام بعضها إلى بعض; صص. 98ظ-101و).مخطوطة؛ صص. vi+101+ivالمادة: ورقيةالأبعاد: حجم الورقة ٢٠٩ × ١٢٠ مم [مساحة الكتابة ١٣٠ × ٥٨ مم]ترقيم الصفحات: ترقيم المتحف البريطاني بالقلم الرصاصالتسطير:
مِسطرة؛ ١٢ سطرًا في كل صفحة؛ مسافة تباعد رأسية ٩ أسطر لكل ١٠ سمالخط:
نستعليقالحِبر: حِبرُ أسود، مع كتابة العناوين والخطوط الأفقية أعلى النص بالأحمرالزخرفة: تحتوي كل مقدمةٍ وكل صفحةٍ على حاشيةٍ بالحِبر الذهبي والأسود والأحمر؛ المقدمة الأولى (صص. 1ظ-2و) مليئة بالزخارف بالذهبي والأحمر والأخضر والأزرقالتجليد: يجمع بين سمات الأسلوبين الأوروبي والإسلامي؛ طلاء بماء الذهب، وبطانة جلديةالحالة: ممتازة؛ قالب الكتاب تمت إعادة خياطته وإعادة تركيب ألواح الغلاف واستبدال صُلب الكتابالتعليقات الهامشية: قليلةٌ جدًا ويبدو أن جميعها بقلم الناسخالأختام: صص. 1و و 101ظ
Abstract: Two texts on astrology and astronomy by Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī.Binding note: Limp dark brown leather with blind-stamped fillets; water damaged.Contents: "1. fol. 3a-53a: Sharḥ-i S̲amarah-i Baṭlamyūs. Persian translation of and commentary on an Arabic version of Ptolemy's CentiloquiumContents: a collection of a hundred aphorisms on astrology. With original Arabic text; missing first page."Contents: "2. fol. 54a-130a: Risālah-i Muʻīnīyah dar ʻilm-i hayʾat. Manual of astronomy dedicated to Muʻīn al-Dīn Abū al-ShamsContents: son of the author's patron Nāṣir al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Raḥīm ibn Abī Manṣūr (governor of Quhistan). Missing first page; with numerous diagrams."Ms. composite codex.Title of first text from fol. 1a, by a later hand; title of second text from fol. 54a.On front cover: Label reading "284" in Arabic script.Ms. erroneously foliated beginning on first flyleaf. Record follows erroneous foliation.Physical description: 15-16 lines per page; written in casual nastaʻliq by two different hands in black on glazed, laid Arabic paper. Rubrication and catchwords. Some damp staining; edges somewhat ragged.Origin: First text completed Ramaḍān 935 H May-June 1529 by Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-Ḥasanī (fol. 53a). Second text completed on Wednesday, 7 Rabīʻ II 681 H 15 July 1282 (fol. 130a).
Fihrist: Union Catalogue of Manuscripts from the Islamicate WorldContents: Dāstān-i Pīltan va-Pīlkan (ff. 4b-69a). Dāstān-i Fīrūz Shāh (ff. 69b-84a). Dāstān-i Rashk-i Khusravānī (ff. 84b-114a). Dāstān-i Dukhtar-i saʻlūk-i Pādishāh-i Zangbār (ff. 114b-171a).Decoration: 10 miniatures. Decorative borders etc.Dimensions: 12⅛ × 7½ in.Hand: Clear and distinct Nastaʻlīq.Record origin: Manuscript description based on: Beeston, A. F. L. (Alfred Felix Landon); Ethé, Hermann, 1844-1917.; Sachau, Eduard, 1845-1930; Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstânî, and Pushtû manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford; at the Clarendon Press 1889-1953.Folktales.
یوسف و زلیخاBinding: Gilt envelope binding.Fihrist: Union Catalogue of Manuscripts from the Islamicate WorldDecoration: Unwan. 3 miniatures.Hand: Clear Nastaʻlīq.Record origin: Manuscript description based on: Beeston, A. F. L. (Alfred Felix Landon); Ethé, Hermann, 1844-1917.; Sachau, Eduard, 1845-1930; Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstânî, and Pushtû manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford; at the Clarendon Press 1889-1953.
Copy dated 26, Shaʻbān, 1025 / September 8, 1616. Scribe's name is not mentioned, but hand is identical to the second volume of this work, also in this collection, (Isl. Ms. 668) in which the scribe's name is mentioned in the colophon: Yūsuf [ibn] Yaʻqūb.ʻUnwān in gold, blue, and red; black-ruled gold margins. Text written in nastaʻlīq shekasteh script in black with rubrications. Hand is identical ato that in Vol. 2.Simple leather bound codex; decaying rapidly. Leather is disintegrating and folios are crumbling and falling away from the binding.Ḥabīb-i siyar was usually copied in three volumes. This collection contains only Volumes 1 and 2, (Isl. Ms. 667 and Isl Ms. 668, respectively.) Contents of these two volumes correspond to those of British Museum Cat. Per Mss. for Volumes 1 and 2 of this work. This is manuscript is Volume 1. (For Volume 2, see Ḥabīb-i siyar, jild al-thānī: Isl. Ms. 668).This is the first of three volumes which comprise Khvandemīr's well known and important general history, completed in 929/1523, which spans the creation of the world up to the death of Shah Ismāʻīl Safavī I. The work includes particularly detailed information about Herat under Sultan Husayn Bayqara, the last Timurid ruler in Herat, as well as Shah Ismāʻīl and Bābur's life. This work has been published in both Persian and English editions.
Copy dated 8 Rabīʻ al-Awwal, 1026 / March 16, 1617. Scribe's name is mentioned in the colophon: Yūsuf [ibn] Yaʻqūb.ʻUnwān in gold, blue, green, and red; black-ruled gold margins. Text written in nastaʻlīq shekasteh script in black with rubrications. Hand is identical to that in Vol. 1. Last few pages contain notes in a different hand, in nastaʻlīq script.Simple leather bound codex with some tooling on upper and lower covers as well as envelop flaps; decaying rapidly. Leather is disintegrating and folios are crumbling and falling away from the binding.Ḥabīb-i siyar was usually copied in three volumes. This collection contains only Volumes 1 and 2, (Isl. Ms. 667 and Isl Ms. 668, respectively.) Contents of these two volumes correspond to those of British Museum Cat. Per Mss. for Volumes 1 and 2 of this work. This is manuscript is Volume 2. (For Volume 1, see Ḥabīb-i siyar, jild al-awwal: Isl. Ms. 667).This is the second of three volumes which comprise Khvandemīr's well known and important general history, completed in 929/1523, which spans the creation of the world up to the death of Shah Ismāʻīl Safavī I. The work includes particularly detailed information about Herat under Sultan Husayn Bayqara, the last Timurid ruler in Herat, as well as Shah Ismāʻīl and Bābur's life. This work has been published in both Persian and English editions.
Shelfmark: Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Special Collections Research Center Isl. Ms. 881Origin: As appears in scribal colophon on p.586, transcription completed 3 Jumādá I 1274 [ca. 20 December 1857]. As appears in preceding authorial colophon (also on p.586), composition completed in Shīrāz on ʻĪd al-Ghadīr 18 Dhū al-Ḥijjah 1242 [ca. 13 July 1827].Accompanying materials: a. Scrap with title in ink "Hadīqat as-Siyāḥat" (paginated pp.1-2) -- b. Recycled card with notes in handwriting of Emilie Savage-Smith [?] "Geog. dict. | colophon gives date | rubrication becomes more & more purple the more recent the MS." (paginated pp.3-4) -- c. Slip with note "Persian MSS (Heyworth-Dunne? No Husselman or Meredith-Owens notes" (paginated pp.5-6).Former shelfmark: Mich. Isl. Ms. temp. no. 30Binding: Pasteboards covered in tan leather ; Type III binding (without flap) ; board linings and hinges in a teal wove paper ; upper and lower covers carry blind-stamped scalloped mandorla (filled with vegetal composition) and pendants as well as border in blind rules ; small label on spine carries inscription in French "Dict Géographique Persan" ; sewn in dark pink and lime green thread, two stations ; worked chevron endbands in pink and yellow, fairly good condition (tab extends from spine leather) ; overall in somewhat poor condition with lower cover fully detached, some abrasion, staining, lifting and losses of spine leather, etc.Support: Wove paper ; highly sized and burnished to glossy, dark cream in color.Decoration: Keywords and headings rubricated ; overlining in red ; textual dividers in the form of inverted commas, hāʼ, etc. in red.Script: Nastaʻlīq ; compact, elegant hand ; serifless with slight effect of words descending to baseline, some elongation of horizontal strokes, pointing (two and three dots) in distinct or conjoined dots ; passages in Arabic (Qurʼānic excerpts, etc.) in a fine Persianate naskh.Layout: Written in 23 lines per page ; frame-ruled.Collation: i, 24 IV(192), IV+1 (201), IV-2 (207), 10 IV(287), i ; exclusively quaternions ; catchwords present ; pagination in pencil, Western numerals, supplied during digitization (includes inserts and fyleaves and skips ahead four pages following p.15 with p.20).Colophon: "Authorial," triangular, in Arabic, reads "قد فرغ من تاليف هذا الكتاب بعون الملك الوهاب المسمى بحدايق السياحة فى بلدة الشيراز فى يوم السبت ثمان وعشر من شهر ذيحجة الحرام اعنى فى عيد الغدير سنة اثنتين واربعين ومائتين بعد الالف من الهجرة النبوية عليه الف الف الصلوات والتحية" ; "Scribal," triangular, reads "قد كان الفراغ من استنساخه فى يويوم [يوم] الاحد ثلث من شهر جمادى الاول سنة اربع وسبعين ومائتين بعد الالف من الهجرة النبوية صلى الله عليه واله خير البريه تمت اتمام شد ..."Explicit: "با کمال لطف عالم گیر یاد"Incipit: "حدایق حمد و ثنا و ریاض سپاس بیمنتها مختص واجب الوجودی است ... اما بعد بر ر ای معرفت مد اثر ... الفقیر الحقیر الجانی بن اسکندر زین العابدین الشیروانى احسن الله الیه وغفر الله لوالدیه ... چون این مجموعه از ریاحین الطاف لطایف ... موسوم بحدایق السیاحة کردید و ذکر دیار و امصار را بترتیب حروف ..."Title from opening matter on p.13 and colophon on p.586.Ms. codex.Fine copy of a work by Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn al-Shīrvānī (d.1837) relating his extensive travels and Ṣūfic thought, completed in Shīrāz in 1827 before his departure on a final pilgrimage to Mecca, after completion of his Riyāz̤ al-siyāḥah (composed 1237/1821-2) and before completion of his Bustān al-siyāḥah (composed 1248/1833).
Shelfmark: Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Special Collections Research Center Isl. Ms. 281Origin: Lacks dated colophon ; hand, paper, etc. may suggest 16th century. Date in seal impression provides an approximate terminus ante quem of 1107 [1695 or 1696] depending on the elapsed time between the making of the seal and its impression in the ms.Binding: Pasteboards covered in painted lacquerwork ; Type II binding (with flap) ; spine and fore edge flap in dark brown leather ; doublures and interior of envelope flap in red brown (dark red) leather with recessed inlays of paper in lapis lazuli, light blue, yellow, and green with filigree in brown and black leather ; upper and lower covers bear painted lacquerwork design in gold, green, red, black, and dark red of nearly identical composition ; design consists of scalloped central mandorla (reminiscent of Déroche class. OSd 8), pendants, and corner pieces with border consisting of a series of lozenges ; all are filled with an elaborate swirling floral vegetal design ; upper and lower doublures bear central scalloped mandorla, pendants and corner pieces in leather filigree (black and brown) and recessed paper inlays (lapis lazuli, green, light blue, and yellow) surrounded by simple gold-painted border accents ; interior of envelope flap continues design of doublures ; sewn in white and blue green threads (intertwined), two stations ; worked endbands in blue green, white and pink (traces) ; in poor condition with extensive abrasion to covers resulting in loss of lacquer and paint ; spine leather lifting and detaching from text block, upper cover detacing ; some pest damage ; boards delaminating ; endbands nearly gone ; paper label pasted to upper cover (no writing) ; currently housed in envelope.Support: non-European laid paper (untinted but gold-flecked) set in tinted leaves of non-European (likely Persian) laid paper, mainly alternating shades of blue (often toward green) and yellow, occasionally pink ; laid lines of set-in written area running horizontally spaced roughly 7 laid lines per cm. ; laid lines of tinted leaves running vertically spaced roughly 8-10 laid lines per cm. with curving and sagging ; chain lines difficult to view but may be sporadic short lengths ; a few inclusions ; well-burnished and smooth ; flyleaves of several paper types - European laid paper, non-European (likely Persian) laid paper (decorative silhouette paper), and Persian or Indian laid paper of no earlier than late 18th century.Decoration: Illuminated headpiece (ʻunwān) on fol.1a consisting of rectangular piece surmounted by triangular or hasp piece ; rectangular piece carries lobed central lozenge in gold, with flanking pieces in gold and red all on a field of lapis lazuli with floral vegetal pattern in black, red, yellow, white, and lavender ; bordered in bands of white, blue, and gold (with swirling pattern) ; surmounted by triangular piece or hasp in gold and lapis lazuli with same floral vegetal pattern ; surmounted by vertical stalks (tīgh) ; a band of black with same floral vegetal pattern and flanking bands of red and gold separates the two pieces ; simple illuminated headpieces throughout and at close consisting of rectangular piece with central gold cartouche (empty) flanked by almond-shaped pieces in black or red on fields of lapis lazuli with swirling vegetal motif bordered in bands of gold and red ; "tailpiece" accompanied by flanking rectangular pieces with swirling floral vegetal pattern in black, red, yellow, white and lavender on fields of gold, bordered in blue ; written area surrounded by a frame consisting of a series of bands varying in color according to tint of surrounding leaf ; for lighter colored leaves the frame is in green, gold, black and blue and for darker colored leaves the frame is in blue, gold, black and red ; simple gold bands outlined by black fillets frame columns within written area.Script: Nastaʻlīq ; sans serif ; characteristic descent of words to baseline along with superscript of final words and letters at end of many lines ; characteristic letterforms ; contrast in thickness of horizontal and vertical strokes ; horizontal strokes often elongated.Layout: Written in 11 lines per page ; single column divided to two columns to set off poetry ; frame-ruled.Collation: iii, 4 III (24), II (28), IV (36), I (38), ii ; chiefly ternions ; catchwords present.Explicit: "من وفایی ندیده ام ز خسان گر تو بینی سلام من برسان ... چون مصفا شوی زرزق وزفن مرد گر دی اگر چه هستی زن"Incipit: "ای درون پرور برون آرای ای خرد بخش [بیخرد] بخشای"Title from inscriptions on front flyleaf and fol.1a.Ms. codex.Exquisite manuscript containing what appears to be excerpts from the mystical mathawī (mas̲navī) of Sanāʼī, Ḥadīqat al-ḥaqīqah wa-sharīʻat al-ṭarīqah.
Shelfmark: Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Special Collections Research Center Isl. Ms. 890Origin: Lacks dated scribal colophon ; date of composition and dedication (executed for Naṣīr al-Dawlah Fāris al-Mulk Navvāb Muḥammad ʻAlīʹkhān Bahādur Sipahdār Jang / نصير الدوله فارس الملك نواب محمد عليخان بهادر سپهدار جنگ ) appear in authorial colophon on p.300, Rabīʻ II 1226 [1811] ; date in octagonal seal impression provides only a very approximate terminus ante quem of 1864 ; paper, etc. suggest 19th century.Accompanying materials: a. Slip with note "Counted for 1968/69 Annual Report" -- b. Slip with note "Persian MSS (Heyworth-Dunne?) with Husselman and Meredith-Owen notes" -- c. Scrap with description in black ink "Muḥammad Ṣādiḳ Khān called Akhhan ? | Hadīḳat al Irshād. A treatise on the art of composition. AH. 1226 = A.D. 1811" -- d. Slip with description (in hand of E. Husselman ?) "Muẖammad Ṣādiḳ Khan, called Akhbar | Hadiḳat al-Irshād | n.f. in BMCat. Pers. bks or MSS | Not in U. of M. MSS. | 148 ff. | 295 pp." -- e. Slip with description in hand of G. Meredith-Owens "MO 20 Ḥadīqat al-irshād by Muḥammad Ṣādiq Khān called Akhbār (?). A treatise on the art of composition" -- f. Slip or tag with "#3" in red pencil -- g. Page torn from Luzac & Co. catalog, 1908, 'Books on Modern Persian Literature,' with description of this manuscript "237 MOHAMMAD SĀDIK KHAN, called AKHBAR. Hadikat al Irshād. A treatise on the Art of Composition. Persian MS. Roy. 8vo. 8s. 6d. Dated 1811"Former shelfmark: Mich. Isl. Ms. temp. no. 39Binding: Boards covered in orange-red cloth with dark brown leather over spine and board corners (half binding) ; Western style binding ; pastedowns and flyleaves in untinted wove paper ; leather blind-tooled with toothed border ; spine gold-stamped with title "HADIQAT | UL | IRSHAD" and rules defining raised bands ; edges of text block flecked with red ; sewn over five recessed cords ; stuck-on endbands in red and yellow ; overall in fair condition with some abrasion and deterioration of spine leather, etc.Support: non-European (likely Indian or Persian) laid paper with roughly 11 laid lines per cm. (mainly horizontal, somewhat indistinct, curving) and occasional chain lines, cloudy formation, inclusions and fibers visible, thin and transluscent though sturdy, dark cream in color, burnished ; some pest damage and repairs (fills) ; blocking between pp.244-245.Decoration: Keywords and headings rubricated ; textual dividers in the form of inverted commas ; overlining in red ; overlining with two-teeth stroke in red ; a table (جدول) on p.283 and a few other diagrams.Script: Nastaʻlīq ; elegant, spacious, Indian [?] hand ; serifless with dramatic effect of words descending to baseline, elongation of horizontal strokes, pointing (two and three dots) mainly in strokes rather than distinct dots, some free assimilation of letters.Layout: Written in 15 lines per page, occasionally divided to two columns ; frame-ruled.Collation: iv, 12 IV(96), III (102), 5 IV(142), III (148), i ; amost exclusively quaternions except for two ternions ; middle of the quire marks in the form of short black strokes in the upper outer corner of the right-hand leaf and lower-outer corner of the left-hand leaf ; several leaves at opening left blank ; catchwords present ; pagination in pencil, Western numerals, supplied during digitization (includes flyleaves and mistakenly repeats p.242 two additional times).Colophon: "Authorial," rectangular, reads "الحمد لله و المنة که بقدر یافت و استعدادی ... در ماه ربیع الثانی سنه ۱۲۲۶ هزار و دو صد بیست و شش هجرى قدسی بموجب ارشاد کرامت ... نصیر الدوله فارس الملک نواب محمد علیخان بهادر سپهدار جنگ ... تمت تمام شد"Explicit: "ر اتمامي حاصل آید بخیر دیگر حاجت مند شود"Incipit: "بانشای سپاس بدیع نگاری رگ ابر قلم تردست ..."Title from inscription on 'title page' (p.9).Ms. codex.Fine copy of a treatise on the art of composition by Muḥammad Ṣādiq Khān, known as Akhtar (d.1858?).