The file contains case correspondence, including several witness statements and a record of hearing proceedings held at the British Political Agency in Kuwait. These case papers relate to the investigation and resolution of 27 individual claims that were submitted to the Political Agent, Kuwait by resident British Indian subjects, merchants in India and others. The majority of claims concern either the non-payment of debts, goods or services, or land and property rights. The correspondence is mainly between the Political Agent at Kuwait and the individual claimants and defendants in each case. There are several letters, statements and notes in Arabic, two statements of account in Persian relating to goods purchased on credit, one letter of claim in French and one short note in Tamil.1 file (299 folios)At the front of the file is a table of contents entitled ‘Index’. It lists each civil case according to the name of the claimant and the nature of their claim, together with the folio reference (described as the ‘page’ reference) on which the case papers begin. The folio reference given in the table of contents belongs to a superseded foliation sequence, which is written in pencil, but not circled. Each set of case papers appear in the file in chronological order, based on the commencement date of the claim. Within each individual case record, the claim papers are also arranged in approximate chronological order.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 301; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional irregular foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 8-300; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are at times crossed out. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This part contains drafts and counter-drafts of the Anglo-German Convention regarding the Bagdad Railway [Baghdad] and cognate matters, and of the proposed Agreement between the Bagdad Railway Company and the Ottoman Government. These are written in English, German and French, and found at folios 149, 160, 167, 178-179, 201-203, 217-223, 225-230, 235-240, 247, 257-269, and 281-284.The file also contains correspondence between the Foreign Office, the India Office Political Department, the German Ambassador to London (Karl Max Fürst von Lichnowsky), the Councillor of the German Embassy (Richard von Kühlmann), and the Ottoman Finance Minister (Mehmed Cavid Bey). The correspondence concerns negotiations over the following points:the construction and naming of the line;options for British capital investment in the Bagdad Railway Company;options for British representation on the Railway Board;oversight of the project, the safeguarding of commercial interests, and arrangements for arbitration proceedings;shares in the River Navigation Company;navigation of the Shatt el Arab [Shatt al Arab];the formation of a Shatt el Arab Conservancy Commission;the potential impact on the Anatolian Railway, and the prospects of the Smyrna-Aidin Railway Company;and German wishes that no railway should be in direct competition with the Bagdad line from the western terminus at Konia [Konya] to the eastern terminus at Basra.1 item (142 folios)
This part contains drafts and counter-drafts of the various agreements relating to the proposed construction of the Bagdad Railway [Baghdad Railway], comprising the following documents written in English, German and French:the Anglo-German Convention;an agreement between the Bagdad Railway Company and James Lyle Mackay, first Baron Inchcape;an agreement between the first Baron Inchcape and the Société Impériale Ottomane du Chemin de Fer de Bagdad;an agreement between the Ottoman Railway Company (the 'English Company') and the Anatolian Railway Company and Bagdad Railway Company (the 'German Companies').Folio 85 is a map, titled 'Sketch Map to Shew Approximately Railways and Railway Projects and Navigation Concessions in Asiatic Turkey', displaying the routes of existing and proposed railways and river navigation.The file also contains correspondence thereon between the India Office Political Department, the Foreign Office, the British Ambassador to Berlin (Sir William Edward Goschen), and the Imperial German Ambassador to London (Karl Max Fürst von Lichnowsky). The correspondence concerns the following: negotiations over the wording of the draft agreements; arrangements to limit competing lines between Konia [Konya] and Basra; the appointment of potential British Directors to represent shareholders on the Board of the Bagdad Railway Company; and disagreements between Deutsche Bank [the financiers] and Hakki Pasha over the area to be covered by the Smyrna-Aidin line. A number of India Office and Foreign Office minutes, providing details of meetings with German and Ottoman officials, are also found within the file.In addition, the file contains correspondence between the Foreign Office and the firm Boulton Brothers and Company, who enquired into the terms of the Bagdad Railway, with a view to participating as a financial backer.1 item (142 folios)
The volume contains drafts and counter-drafts of the Anglo-German Convention on the Bagdad Railway, plus agreements involving the Bagdad Railway Company, the Ottoman Railway Company, the Anatolian Railway Company, and the Ottoman Government. There is also correspondence regarding the negotiations, conducted between the following: the India Office Political Department; the Foreign Office; the British Ambassador to Berlin (Sir William Edward Goschen); the Imperial German Ambassador to London (Karl Max Fürst von Lichnowsky); the Councillor at the German Embassy (Richard von Kühlmann); and the Ottoman Finance Minister (Mehmed Cavid Bey).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. These are placed at the end of the correspondence.1 volume (285 folios)The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 4044 (Baghdad Railway Negotiations) consists of 1 volume, IOR/L/PS/10/415. The volume is divided into 2 parts.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 287; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This volume contains papers, mostly correspondence and India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers, relating to naval incidents in the Persian Gulf, and visits of British warships to Persian ports.It includes correspondence regarding the following: the Persian Government’s objection to British shipping, including HM Ships, calling at Persian ports without notice; the reporting of movements of British warships in the Persian Gulf; the treatment of HM ships in Persian ports, including Persian quarantine and customs procedure at Henjam and Abadan; incidents which took place on the occasions of the visits of HM Ships
Lupinand
Crocusto Abadan and Bunder Abbas [Bandar Abbas] respectively; the Persian draft bill regarding territorial waters; discussions between the Admiralty and the Foreign Office concerning the drafting of an article to regulate visits of British warships to Persian ports, for inclusion in a General Treaty between Britain and Persia; and new regulations imposed by the Persian Government in connection with the landing of officers and crews and of visits of vessels to Persian ports.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Foreign Office (including the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Sir Austen Chamberlain); HM Minister, Tehran (Sir Percy Lorraine, Sir Robert Henry Clive, and Sir Reginald Hervey Hoare, successively); HM Chargé d’Affaires, Tehran; the Admiralty; the Colonial Office; the Minister of Court, Persia (Mirza Abdul Hussein Khan Taimourtache [Abdolhossein Teymūrtāsh, also spelled Teymourtache in the correspondence]); the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf; and the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies.The file includes several documents in French, including: correspondence between Sir R H Clive and Taimourtache; copies of documents entitled ‘Projet de Loi portant Réglement des Conditions d’Admission des Bateaux étrangers dans les Eaux persanes’ (Draft Law Regulating the Conditions of Admission of Foreign Vessels in Persian Waters) ‘Traduction de l'Instruction adressée par l'Administration centrale de l'Hygiène à ses Fonctionnaires au golfe Persique’ (Translation of the instructions sent by the Public Health Department to its officials in the Persian Gulf) and ‘La Quarantaine à Henjam’ (Quarantine in Henjam); correspondence between HM Minister, Tehran, and the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs; letters from the Director of Customs, Bushire, to HM Consul, Bushire; and articles of draft General Treaty with Persia.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (823 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 4480 (Persian Gulf) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/1098 and IOR/L/PS/10/1099. The volumes are divided into two parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 825; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 114-119; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
This volume, which is divided into three parts, contains papers relating to treaty negotiations between the United Kingdom and Persia [Iran], and British policy in the Persian Gulf.Part 13 concerns the question of the removal of the flagstaff of the British Political Residency at Bushire from outside the Residency grounds.Part 14 relates to communications between British authorities in the Persian Gulf.Part 15 mainly concerns the inclusion of arbitration provisions in the General Treaty and the Commercial Treaty being negotiated between the United Kingdom and Persia.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (223 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of each part of the volume.The subject 4535 (Persian Gulf, and Persia: telegraphs) consists of nine files (seven volumes and two physical files), IOR/L/PS/10/1266-1274. The files are divided into seventeen parts, with parts 1 and 3 comprising one volume, part 2 comprising the second volume, part 5 comprising the third file, part 7 comprising the third and fourth volumes, parts 8 and 11 comprising the fifth volume, parts 13 to 15 comprising the sixth volume, part 16 comprising the seventh file, and parts 10 and 17 comprising the eighth volume.A location list on folio 5 of IOR/L/PS/10/1271 and IOR/L/PS/10/1272 states that part 4 is Coll 30/75 (IOR/L/PS/12/3792), part 6 is Coll 29/68 (IOR/L/PS/12/3644), part 9 is Coll 30/17 (IOR/L/PS/12/3727), and part 12 is P 4480/1923 Pt 2 (IOR/L/PS/10/1099).Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 225; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This part contains papers, mostly correspondence, mainly relating to the inclusion of arbitration provisions in the General Treaty and the Commercial Treaty which were being negotiated between the United Kingdom and Persia [Iran]. It includes papers concerning the question of what the terms of any such arbitration articles should be, and the question of whether or not an arbitration article should be included in the General Treaty.In addition, this part includes some correspondence relating to the question of whether or not Iraq would be covered by Article 1 (regarding friendship and non-aggression) of the proposed General Treaty with Persia.This part includes the British draft proposal for an arbitration article in the General Treaty, the Persian Minister of Court’s comments on this draft article, a letter from HM Minister at Tehran (Robert Henry Clive) to the Persian Minister of Court, and draft versions of a proposed arbitration article in a letter from Clive to the Foreign Office, which are all written in French.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Foreign Office; the Dominions Office; the Commercial Relations and Treaties Department of the Board of Trade; and HM Minister at Tehran. Other correspondents include the Colonial Office and the Admiralty.In addition, this part includes India Office Political Department minute papers.1 item (76 folios)
The volume contains papers, mostly correspondence and India Office minute papers, regarding the withdrawal from Persia [Iran] of the Indo-European Telegraph Company and the Indo-European Telegraph Department (IETD).It includes papers relating to the following:The decision of the Indo-European Telegraph Company to withdraw from Persia because of loss of revenue due to wireless and other causesThe effect on the communications of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf of the withdrawal from Persia of the IETD and the Indo-European Telegraph Company, and the importance to HMG of securing the retention of the cable stations in the Gulf and the Jask-Gwadur lineThe desire of HMG to temporarily postpone the transfer to the Persian Government of the apparatus of the Bushire wireless station until reconstruction of the Bahrein station had been carried outHow HM Chargé d’Affaires, Tehran, should respond in the event of representations being received from the Persian Government in connection with the withdrawal of the Indo-European Telegraph Company from PersiaThe transfer to Imperial and International Communications Limited of the Persian Gulf Cable System, and the transfer of the IETD telegraph lines in Persia, connecting Tehran with the Persian Gulf cables and with India, to the Persian GovernmentNegotiations between the British Government and the Government of India on the one part and the Persian Government on the other for a governmental agreement to settle questions in connection with the withdrawal of the IETD from PersiaThe volume also includes some papers relating to the intention of the Indo-European Telegraph Company to withdraw from the Soviet Union on 1 March 1931.The main correspondents are as follows: the Foreign Office; HM Minister, Tehran (Sir Robert Clive), and HM Chargé d’Affaires, Tehran (Raymond Cecil Parr); the Indo-European Telegraph Company Limited; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; and Imperial and International Communications Limited.The volume includes some copies of documents in French, including correspondence between Sir Robert Clive and the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (408 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.The subject 4535 (Persian Gulf, and Persia: telegraphs) consists of nine files (seven volumes and two physical files), IOR/L/PS/10/1266-1274. The files are divided into seventeen parts, with parts 1 and 3 comprising one volume, part 2 comprising the second volume, part 5 comprising the third file, part 7 comprising the third and fourth volumes, parts 8 and 11 comprising the fifth volume, parts 13 to 15 comprising the sixth volume, part 16 comprising the seventh file, and parts 10 and 17 comprising the eighth volume.A location list on folio 5 of IOR/L/PS/10/1271 and IOR/L/PS/10/1272 states that part 4 is Coll 30/75 (IOR/L/PS/12/3792), part 6 is Coll 29/68 (IOR/L/PS/12/3644), part 9 is Coll 30/17 (IOR/L/PS/12/3727), and part 12 is P 4480/1923 Pt 2 (IOR/L/PS/10/1099).Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 410; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This volume comprises parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of 8. It concerns British land policy in the occupied territories of Mesopotamia [Iraq], particularly in relation to the sale, leasing or granting of land in the occupied territories to persons or companies that are not domiciled inhabitants of the territories; also covered are proposed acquisitions of land in Mesopotamia by the British authorities, for both civil and military purposes. Much of the correspondence discusses Ottoman law, international law, and regulations or restrictions imposed by the British authorities themselves, in relation to land transfer in Mesopotamia.The French language material consists of one enclosure that accompanies an item of correspondence in part 8 of the volume.Also included with the volume are several maps and plans depicting areas or sites discussed in the correspondence.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (331 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 4613 (Iraq: Land Tenure) consists of one volume, IOR/L/PS/10/847. The volume is divided into 8 parts.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 329; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 100-160; these numbers are also written in pencil or crayon, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This item consists of part eight of the subject file 4613/1919 Iraq: Land Tenure. It concerns British land policy in the occupied territories of Mesopotamia [Iraq], particularly in relation to the acquisition of land by the British for military purposes.The part is largely concerned with the acquisition of land in Magil [Al Ma‘qil]. Included in the correspondence is a copy of a set of enclosures, sent from the Government of India's Army Department to the Secretary of State for India, which features correspondence between the General Officer Commanding, Force D, and the Chief of General Staff, Simla; in addition to correspondence, the enclosures contain a number of appendices comprised of tables of figures relating to rights and land holdings in Magil.The correspondence discusses the legality of the acquisition under Ottoman law, as well as expenditure matters, such as whether the cost of acquisition should be debited to local revenues or military funds.Correspondents include the Civil Commissioner in Baghdad (Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Talbot Wilson) the Viceroy of India (Frederic John Napier Thesiger, or Lord Chelmsford), and various officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the War Office, and the Treasury.Included with the part is a plan of land at Magil and a plan of a proposed site generating station in Basra.The French language material consists of one enclosure to an item of correspondence.1 item (93 folios)
This file contains papers relating to proposed increases in the rates of import duty charged by the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.It includes papers concerning:The decision of the British Government that, instead of seeking to amend the Commercial Treaty of 1891 between Muscat and the United Kingdom (Article 6 of which prevented the Muscat Government from imposing import duties higher than five per cent), they should address a note to the Muscat Government to the effect that, despite Article 6 of the Treaty, subject to certain conditions, no objection would be raised on behalf of HM Government to an increase in the Muscat custom duties of ten per cent (twenty five per cent on tobacco and alcoholic liquor fifty five or less degrees under proof)The need for the British Government to obtain the authorisation of HM Government in Canada and the Irish Free State for an increase in Muscat customs dutiesThe British Government obtaining the agreement of the French Government for them to address a similar note to the Muscat Government on behalf of the French Government, to the effect that, despite Article 10 of the Treaty between Muscat and France of 1844 (which also precluded the Muscat Government from charging import duties higher than five per cent), they would consent to the same increase in the Muscat customs duties.The papers mostly consist of correspondence and India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Board of Trade; the Foreign Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the British Embassy, Paris; the Dominions Office; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs; and the Political Agent and HM Consul, Muscat.The French language content of the file consists of copies of notes from the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs to the British Ambassador to Paris, dated 3 August 1932, 20 February 1933, 6 April 1933, 29 June 1934, 18 December 1935, and 7 May 1936.The Arabic content of the file consists of the following documents: extracts from the Political Resident’s notes to the Sultan of Muscat, and vice versa, dated 19 June 1933 and 4 March 1934 respectively, which are in both Arabic and English; a letter in Arabic from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated 14 November 1938, with an English translation; an English and an Arabic copy of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between the United Kingdom and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, dated 5 February 1939 (ratified 7 February 1939); and notifications from the Political Agent, Muscat, dated 19 April and 7 October 1940, regarding customs duty, which are in both English and Arabic.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (402 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order form the rear to the front of the file.The subject 4640 (Muscat) consists of two volumes and one file, IOR/L/PS/10/1275-1277. The volumes and file are divided into two parts, with part 2 comprising one volume, and part 4 comprising the second volume and the file. There is no part 1 or part 3.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 403; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This volume contains papers relating to British policy in Muscat. It includes some papers regarding the situation at Sur; however most of the volume concerns the financial situation of the Muscat state, mainly the proposal to increase state revenues by removing the limitation on the power of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman to impose customs duties in excess of five per cent.It includes papers concerning the British Government asking the governments of the United States of America and France to agree to the modification of Article 3 of the Commercial Treaty between Muscat and the United States of 1833, and Article 10 of the Treaty between Muscat and France of 1844, respectively, which prevented the Sultan from levying import duties in excess of five per cent, in order to enable the general tariff and the tariff on alcohol and cigarettes to be increased.The volume also includes papers regarding the question of the revision of the tariff provisions of the Commercial Treaty of 1891 between Muscat and the United Kingdom, which also precluded the Muscat Government from imposing import or export duties higher than five per cent.In addition, the volume includes papers relating to the eventual proposal to abandon attempts to secure a modification of the Muscat Commercial Treaties with France and the USA, and instead to raise the tariff rate against all goods other than those carried in French and American vessels and those covered by the Commercial Declaration between Muscat and the Netherlands of 1877. This was due to the United States Government only being willing to consider the modification of the 1833 Treaty with Muscat on the basis of the accord of most favoured nation treatment to US nationals as well as US goods, which the Muscat Council had raised objections to, and which the India Office considered unacceptable.The papers consist of correspondence, draft treaty articles, India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers, reports, memoranda, and copies of the Maskat [Muscat] Order in Council, 1915 and the Maskat (Amendment) Order in Council, 1922.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Foreign Office; the British Embassy, Washington; and the British Embassy, Paris.The volume also includes: letters from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman to the Political Agent at Muscat, dated 9 March 1930, and to the Officiating Political Resident at Bushire, dated 25 August 1931, which are in Arabic with English translations; and letters in French from the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs to the British Ambassador to France, dated 15 October 1930 and 29 September 1931.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (489 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.The subject 4640 (Muscat) consists of two volumes and one file, IOR/L/PS/10/1275-1277. The volumes and file are divided into two parts, with part 2 comprising one volume, and part 4 comprising the second volume and the file. There is no part 1 or part 3.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 484; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, notes and printed papers in 1916 relating to the development of British policy towards Persia as well as the British relationship with Russia vis-à-vis its position and interests in Persia.The discussion in the volume relates to the terms, duration and articles of the Treaty of Alliance developed by 'three-cornered conversations between Teheran, London and Petrograd' as well as the views of the Government of India on the proposed Treaty.The volume includes:A printed copy of the proposed agreement with Persia (ff 260-261).Comments of HBM's Minister for Teheran (Sir Charles Murray Marling) on Persian proposals and details of the Russian counter-draft (ff 236-238).A draftt in French (ff 213-214) of the proposed treaty.A note (ff 161-165) on 'Persian Expenditure: the "half and half" arrangement' on the division of costs in Persia between HM Government and the Government of India.A telegram dated 31 August 1916 (f 81) listing the members of the Cabinet of the Prime Minister to the Shah of Persia Yossugh od Dowleh [Mushir-ed-Dowleh].A printed paper (ff 43-44) from the Minister to Tehran to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Viscount Edward Grey) detailing a history of Sipasalar's A'zam's administration.Further discussion surrounds the associated negotiations of issues including: the abrogation of the Treaty of Turcomanshai [Turkmenchay] in which Russia dictated terms to end the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828); cancellation of Persian debt; tenure of land by foreigners; recognition of Persian territorial claims in the Gulf; and Persian concerns over de facto partition.The correspondence also discusses the creation of a Cossack brigade for use by Persia and further potential military assistance to Persia; an Anglo-Russian subsidy to the Persian Government and mechanisms of financial control; the role of the South Persia Military Police in the 'restoration of order' in Fars and Kerman; and the loss by the Persian Government of correspondence relating to the Treaty.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Walter Louis Frederick Goltz Langley); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); HBM Minister at Teheran (Sir Charles Murray Marling); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Prescott Trevor); Permanent Under-Secretary of State, India Office (Sir Thomas William Holderness); HBM Ambassador to Petrograd (Sir George William Buchanan); the Viceroy (Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst); and the Prime Minister to the Shah of Persia (Mushir-ed-Dowleh).The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (279 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 281; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume contains papers concerning relations between the British Government and the King of Hedjaz [Hejaz or Al-Hijaz].Most of the papers relate to negotiations between the British Government and King Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi over the terms of an Anglo-Hashimite treaty, and revisions to the draft treaty. These papers mainly consist of correspondence and copies of draft versions of the treaty.The file also includes correspondence regarding:The proposed subsidy to the King of the HedjazThe Foreign Office’s objection to the India Office’s suggestion that King Hussein should be persuaded to publicly recognise the religious suzerainty of the Sultan of Turkey as Khalif (Khaliph) over the Holy Places of the HedjazKing Hussein’s threat to abdicate on 27 February 1922, and the question of whether he should be allowed by the British Government to remain in Mecca in the event of his abdicationThe Foreign Office’s request for the views of the Secretary of State for India (Viscount Peel) on the advisability of requiring King Hussein to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, as well as to accept the treaty with HM Government, as conditions which would need to be met before Hussein would be invited to visit Great BritainThe refusal of the British Government to enter into further negotiations with King Ali ibn Hussein al-Hashimi for the conclusion of the Anglo-Hashimite treaty, following King Hussein’s abdication in October 1924 (after military defeat by Ibn Saud), ‘so long as present unsettled conditions in the Hejaz continue’.The correspondence (and copy correspondence) is mainly between the following: the India Office, the Colonial Office (John Evelyn Shuckburgh, John Ernest William Flood), and the Foreign Office; the India Office and the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Foreign Office and Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence; the Foreign Office and HM Agent and Consul at Jeddah (Major W E Marshall, Laurence Barton Grafftey-Smith, and Reader (William) Bullard, successively); the Foreign Office and Dr Naji el Assil, agent of King Hussein; the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the British Resident at Aden; and the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the High Commissioner of Palestine (Herbert Louis Samuel).The volume includes a document entitled ‘Translation of a Report sent to His Majesty King Hussein 1st to Mecca’, signed Habib Lotfallah, Envoy Extraordinary of King Hussein, London, 24 October 1920, which includes translations in French and Arabic (folios 101 to 102).The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (466 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 488 (Pt 1-2 Arabia, and Pt 3 Hedjaz) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/880 and IOR/L/PS/10/881. The volumes are divided into three parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume, and part 3 comprising the second volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 468; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
Copies of correspondence and other papers relating to the mining of red oxide on the island of Abū Mūsá in the Persian Gulf, before and after the First World War. The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox); Foreign Office officials (chiefly Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe); representatives of the British firm Frank C Strick & Company Limited (including Frank Clarke Strick); representatives of the German firm Robert Wönckhaus & Company.Correspondence dated 1912 to 1913 refers to informal negotiations between Foreign and India Office representatives, the German Ambassador to London, and Robert Wönckhaus & Company, over the payment of compensation to Robert Wönckhaus & Company for loss of income and the relinquishment of concession rights for the mining of red oxide at Abū Mūsá, in the wake of the withdrawal of the concession by the Ruler of Sharjah, Shaikh Seker [Shaikh Ṣaqr bin Khālid Āl Qāsimī] in 1907.Correspondence dated 1914 concerns assessments, submitted by representatives of Frank C Strick & Company Limited, and analysed by the British Government’s Board of Trade, on the value and deterioration in quality of the red oxide left by Robert Wönckhaus & Co at Abū Mūsá.Correspondence dated 1921 to 1923 relates to: Frank C Strick & Company’s concession negotiations with the Shaikh of Sharjah, over red oxide extraction at Abū Mūsá, mediated through the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; reports of concession negotiations undertaken by Persian commercial interests for red oxide mining on the island of Hormuz [Jazīreh-ye Hormoz, also referred to in the volume as Ormuz]; diplomatic exchanges between representatives of the British and Persian Government (some in French) over historic Persian claims to the islands in the Persian Gulf, including Abū Mūsá and Tamb [Tunb].1 volume (277 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 4949 (Abu Musa oxide) consists of six volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/318-323. The volumes are divided into six parts, with each part comprising one volume. Part 6 (IOR/L/PS/10/323) is missing.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 279; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file concerns the assumption by the Grand Shereef of Mecca [Grand Sharif of Mecca, Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] of the title 'King of the Arab Nation' in 1916, and subsequent discussion by British officials of the implications of the move, and suggestions of alternative titles. The British were concerned that recognising the title would compromise treaties acknowledging the independence of other Arab chiefs.The papers include: reports by the High Commissioner, Egypt, Sir Arthur Henry McMahon; reports and discussion of the issue by the India Office, the Foreign Office, British officials in the Middle East, British diplomats, and the Government of India; suggestions for alternative titles by McMahon, the French Government, the Government of India, and others; the vital importance, in the British view, of supporting the Sharif's military operations against the Ottoman Turks (e.g. folio 134); the question of whether to allow the circulation of the newspaper
Kiblain Egypt in order to inform the Egyptian public of the Sharif's move, 1916; references to the views and actions of Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence [T E Lawrence] (e.g. folios 6-7); the British decision that the most suitable title for the Sharif would be 'Malik-el-Hejaz', translated as 'King of the Hedjaz [Hejaz]' (folio 36); and discussion of the reactions of Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].The French language content of the papers consists of approximately ten folios of diplomatic correspondence.There are no papers in the volume dated 1917 (for which, see IOR/L/PS/10/638).The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (223 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 5235 (Arab Revolt: the Sharif's Title) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/637-638. The volumes are divided into two parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 221; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the discussions (Petrograd negotiations) between Britain, France and Russia over the creation of an Arab Kingdom and associated zones of British, French and Russian influence in the event of the defeat of the Ottoman Empire.The volume includes (ff 51-59) a 'Note on the Anglo-French-Russian Agreement About The Near East' as well as three maps (folios 65, 122 and 205) accompanying correspondence about the extent of an Arab kingdom and associated spheres of influence.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the French Ambassador to Britain (Pierre Paul Cambon), Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Sir Edward Grey; the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, (Sergei Dmitrievich Sazonoff); the French Ambassador to Russia, (Maurice Paleologue); ʿAbdullāh bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī; and Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (214 folios)The subject 55 (German War) consists of 5 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/524-527. The volumes are divided into 5 parts with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume each, parts 3 and 4 comprising the third volume and parts 5 and 6 comprising one volume each.The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 216; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to Italian claims and policy in the Arabian Peninsula in the context of British policy in the Arabian Peninsula particularly in relation to the Hejaz, Asir and the Yemen.The discussion in the volume relates to the visit of Italian officials, soldiers and naval ships to Jeddah, Hejaz. Further discussion surrounds debate over the Italian relationship with the Idrīsī Imām of ʻAsīr and whether the Imām was engaged in intrigues with the Italians. Also discussed is the Italian proposal to recruit Arabs from ʻAsīr into the Italian colonial forces for duty in Italian Somaliland.Documents in the volume include:'Agreement with the Idrisi Saiyid regarding the Farasan Islands and Other Matters' (ff 10-13).'British Interests in Arabia' (ff 88-89).The principal correspondents in the volume include the Under Secretary of State for India; the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; the Political Resident, Aden; the Secretary of State for India (Austen Chamberlain); and the Grand Sharif of Mecca (Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, subject headings, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (176 folios)The subject 55 (German War) consists of 5 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/524-527. The volumes are divided into 5 parts with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume each, parts 3 and 4 comprising the third volume and parts 5 and 6 comprising one volume each.The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 178; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This volume contains correspondence between British officials concerning agreements between the British and Persian governments related to the suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf. Much of the correspondence is between officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office and the British Legation in Tehran.Specifically, the correspondence relates to discussions concerning the drafting of an article relating to slavery in a proposed Anglo-Persian Treaty and the revision of the Anglo-Persian Slavery Convention of 1882. Specific incidents regarding slavery in the region are also discussed intermittently throughout the volume.In addition to this correspondence, the volume contains several extracts and drafts of agreements (most of which are in French) and the following documents:Foreign Policy memorandum entitled 'Anglo-Persian Slavery Convention of 1882' (folios 134-139)'Law forbidding the Purchase and Sale of Slaves on Persian Territory and according them Freedom on their Arrival in Persia (Passed by the Majlis on 18th Bahman, 1307 (February 7, 1929).)' (folio 151)India Office memorandum entitled 'Slavery in the Persian Gulf' (folios 270-271)'Treaty between Her Majesty and His Majesty the King of Italy for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade. Signed at London, September 14, 1889 - Ratifications exchanged at London, October 24, 1889' (folios 328-330)'Convention between Her Majesty and His Majesty the Shah of Persia for the Suppression of the Traffic in Slaves. Signed in the English and Persian Languages at Tehran, March 2, 1882. (Ratifications exchanged at Tehran, June 14, 1882.)' (folios 331-333).The volume includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (338 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 340; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This volume is composed of interdepartmental correspondence relating to the future administration of the lighting and buoying service in the Persian Gulf.The correspondence discusses the possibility of control of buoying and lighting in the Persian Gulf being transferred to the Government of Persia. At this time the service was being maintained by the Royal Indian Marine, with its financing being shared between the British Imperial Government (specifically the Foreign Office) and the Government of India. The correspondence includes the point of view of the Government of India on the suggestion that the Shatt-Al-Arab Conservancy board should also be responsible for lighting and buoying along the Gulf coast. Furthermore, it discusses the major point to be settled in the present negotiations with Persia during 1928-30, which is the international boundary in the Shatt-el-Arab, as defined in the Treaty of Erzurum of 1847, and the Persia-Turkish Frontier Delimitation Agreement of 1913. The correspondence then moves on to cover the organisation and discussion of the tripartite conference taking place in Iraq regarding the future administration of the lighting and buoying service on the coast of the Persian Gulf, with the participating countries being Iraq, Persia and Great Britain (with India).Notable correspondents include the following: the Viceroy of India; the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf; the High Commissioner Iraq; the Director of the Royal Indian Marine; officials of the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Admiralty, the Treasury, and the Government of India's Marine Department; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Navy, East India Section; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iraq; the Government of Iraq; the Council of Ministers, Iraq; the Port Directorate in Basra.In addition to correspondence, the volume contains the following: minutes of an interdepartmental conference held at the India Office in 1931 (ff 26-28), copies of an India Office memorandum entitled 'Memorandum on the Lighting and Buoyage of the Persian Gulf', dated 1931 (ff 62-64).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (338 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 815 (Persian Gulf) consists of 6 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/659-664. The volumes are divided into 13 parts, with part 1 (A-G) comprising one volume, part 2 comprising the second volume, parts 3-9 comprising the third volume, part 10 comprising the fourth volume, parts 11-12 comprising the fifth volume, and part 13 comprising the sixth volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 340; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume has one foliation anomaly, f 89a.
This volume is the first of three successive volumes of correspondence (IOR/L/PS/10/32-34), relating to the British prohibition and suppression of arms traffic between ports in Aden, the Red Sea and the coast of East Africa. The several correspondents include officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office and the Admiralty in London, as well as officials in the Government of India Foreign and Political Department and in the Government of Bombay Political Department. Other notable correspondents are the Commander-in-Chief for the East Indies Station and the Senior Naval Officer for the Aden Division, the Political Resident and the First Assistant Resident at Aden, and the British Commissioner for the Somaliland Protectorate. Included in the correspondence between officials are: a petition from the people of Zeyla [Zeila] to the Deputy Commissioner of British Somaliland in 1905, representations made by British Indian merchants to the Political Agent at Muscat in 1903, a witness statement made by an Arab boat captain to the Harbour Police at Aden in 1905, and an arms traffic intelligence report received from a Reuter’s agent in about 1903. There are a few nineteenth century enclosures to the correspondence between officials, including two letters written in 1891, from Ras Makunan [Makonnen] the Governor of Harrar [Harar, Ethiopia], to the Political Agent and Consul for the Somali Coast.The volume contains a small amount of correspondence in French, in the form of an exchange of notes between the French Minister and the British and Italian Ambassadors in Paris and London, 1905-1906, as well as a copy in French of the Arms Traffic Agreement between France, Italy and Great Britain that was signed in London on 13 December 1906. The diplomatic correspondence also includes an English translation of a document entitled ‘Instructions for the Suppression of the Traffic in Arms in Somaliland’, compiled in about 1904 by the Italian Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs and the Italian Minister of Marine.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (286 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 869 (Arms Traffic: - Red Sea, Africa and Aden) consists of three volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/32-34. The volumes are divided into three parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 288; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 67-85, and ff 97-169; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
This volume is the second of three successive volumes of correspondence (IOR/L/PS/10/32-34), relating to the British prohibition and suppression of arms traffic between ports in Aden, the Red Sea and the coast of East Africa. The volume contains copies of ‘The Somaliland Registration of Vessels Regulations, 1904’ and the ‘Aden Sea-traffic in Arms Regulation, 1902’. There is substantial correspondence about amending the 1902 regulation, together with revised drafts made in 1907 and 1908. Correspondents are officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office and the Admiralty in London and the British Ambassador at Paris, as well as officials in the Government of India Foreign and Political Department and in the Government of Bombay Political Department. Other notable correspondents are the Commander-in-Chief for the East Indies Station, the Commander and Senior Naval Officer for the Persian Gulf Division, the Senior Naval Officer for the Aden Division, the Political Resident and the First Assistant Resident at Aden, the Political Agent at Muscat and the British Commissioner for the Somaliland Protectorate. Included in the correspondence are English translations of several letters sent and received by Sultan Ahmed Fadthl, The Abdali of Yemen (also referred to as the Abdali Sultan) in 1905 and 1907, and also by Said Faisal the Sultan of Oman in 1907.The volume contains a small amount of correspondence in French, in the form of a letter from the Italian Consul at Aden to the First Assistant Resident at Aden in 1906 and a letter from the French Consul at Muscat to the Political Agent at Muscat in 1907. The diplomatic correspondence also includes several English translations of notes from the Italian Ambassador and the Italian Chargé d’Affaires at London, to the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, in 1907 and 1908.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (266 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 869 (Arms Traffic: - Red Sea, Africa and Aden) consists of three volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/32-34. The volumes are divided into three parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 264; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the leading and ending flyleaves have not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 145-264 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This volume is the third of three successive volumes of correspondence (IOR/L/PS/10/32-34), relating to the British prohibition and suppression of arms traffic between ports in Aden, the Red Sea and the coast of East Africa. The main correspondents are ministers and officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Colonial Office and the Admiralty in London, as well as officials in the Government of India Foreign and Political Department and in the Government of Bombay Political Department. Other notable correspondents are the Commander-in-Chief for the East Indies Station, the Commander and Senior Naval Officer for the Persian Gulf Division, the Senior Naval Officer for the Aden Division, the Political Resident and the First Assistant Resident at Aden, and the British Commissioner for the Somaliland Protectorate. The correspondence includes naval reports about the British blockade of the Warsangli coast [Somalia] in 1908 and Aden sea patrols in 1911; the ‘Agreement between the United Kingdom, France, and Italy respecting the importation of arms and ammunition into Abyssinia signed at London, December 13, 1906’ as published in 1907; ‘The Aden Arms (Sea Traffic) Regulation, 1910’; and sample forms used for the identification and regulation of dhows and other vessels in the ports of British Somaliland, Aden and Zanzibar. There is also a small amount of diplomatic correspondence, mainly from the French and Italian Ambassadors at London to the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. This correspondence includes sample forms in Italian, together with revised instructions in French that were drafted jointly by the French and Italian Governments, for the enforcement of arms traffic controls in their respective protectorates of French Somaliland, Italian Somaliland and Italian Eritrea.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (218 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 869 (Arms Traffic: - Red Sea, Africa and Aden) consists of three volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/32-34. The volumes are divided into three parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 220; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume contains parts 3 and 4 of the subject 'Ibn Saud: Treaty Negotiations'. A related volume (IOR/L/PS/10/1165) contains parts 1 and 2 of the subject, under its former name 'Arabia: Relations with Ibn Saud'.Part 3 (IOR/L/PS/10/1166/1) concerns the treaty negotiations with Ibn Saud, who is also referred to as Bin Saud.Part 4 (IOR/L/PS/10/1166/2) concerns the attitude of His Majesty's Government to its right to manumit slaves.Part 3 includes two dividers and Part 4 includes one divider. These give the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (519 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 87 (Arabia) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/1165-1166. The volumes are divided into four parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume, and parts 3 and 4 comprising the second volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 521; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-518; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.