This volume is a printed report, published by the Government of India Press (Calcutta: 1926), constituting a collection of assurances, undertakings and agreements made by chiefs and Khans of Southern Persia with the British Government and trading companies between 1898 and 1922. The volume is marked 'Confidential' on the front cover and contains a table of contents (folios 4-5). The agreements, some appearing in both Persian and English, are ordered by serial number and they include:No. 1: Undertaking Given by Certain Notables of Luristan in regard to the Construction of Cart Road through Part of their Territory (8 June 1911);No. 2: Correspondence regarding Right of Option Granted to Persian Railway Syndicate by Persian Government for Construction of Certain Railway Lines (9 February 1913, 4 March 1913, and 10 January 1920);No. 3: Memorandum Regarding Concessions for Roads and Railways in South-West Persia up to 1917 (1917);No. 4: Persian Transport Company's Concession for the Construction of a Commercial Road Between Ahwaz and Tehran and the Establishment of a Transport Service thereon (5 August 1890);No. 5: Compensation for Loss of Pilotage Fees, Amounting to Ts. 2000 per annum to be paid to Haidar Khan, Hayat Daudi [Ḥaydar Khān Ḥayāt Dāwūdī], C I E (12 February 1920 and 26 February 1920);No. 6: Agreement Concluded between Messrs. Lynch Bros. and certain Bakhtiari Chiefs for the Construction and Maintenace of a Road from Ahwaz to Isfahan and Shushter [Shushtār] to Isfahan (3 March 1898);No. 7: D'Arcy Oil Concession (28 May 1901);No. 7(a): Translation of the D'Arcy Oil Concession (28 May 1901);No. 8: Agreement Between D'Arcy Syndicate and the Bakhtiari (15 November 1905);No. 8(a): Refusal of Persian Government to Recognize Agreement between the D'Arcy Syndicate and the Bakhriaris (12 January 1906);No. 8(b): Notes on the Bakhtiari Agreement of November 15 1905 (20 October 1906);No. 9: Agreement between Mr W[illiam] K[nox] D'Arcy and the Kili Sayyeds (1 October 1906);No. 10: Agreement between the Oil Company and H. E. Shahab-Es-Sultaneh, Ilbegi [Shihāb al-Sulṭānah Īlbagī] of the Bakhtiar (25 March 1907);No. 11: Land Agreement between the Oil Company and the Bakhtiari Khans (15 May 1911);No. 11(a): Power-of-Attorney Appointing Sardar Muhtesham [Sardār Muḥtasham] and Sardar Bahadur [Sardār Bahādur] as Agents of the Bakhtiari Khans (1910);No. 11(b): The Bakhtiari Khans' Orders to their Tribesmen Regarding the Oil Company's Employees (May 1911);No. 11(c): Undertaking made by the Bakhtiari Khans regarding the Kili Sayyeds (May 1911);No. 12: Agreement for Protection of Pipe-Line (28 April 1911);No. 13: Supplementary Agreement between Mr W K D'Arcy and the Kili Sayyeds (10 February 1911);No. 14: Agreement between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and Parwiz Khan, Gunduzlu [Parvīz Khān Gunduzlū] (20 February 1911);No. 15: Agreement between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Wali of Pusht-i-Kuh (19 September 1919);No. 16: Land Aquisition Agreement between Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Bakhiairi Khans (20 April 1921);No. 17: Agreement between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and Haidar Khan, C I E, of Hayat Daud (6 October 1921, 22 October 1921, and 13 November 1921);No. 18: Agreement between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Kashkuli [Kashkūlī] Khans (14 October 1921);No. 19: Agreement between Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Ilkhani of the Qashgais (20 May 1922).1 volume (52 folios)The assurances, agreements and undertakings compiled in this volume are arranged according to serial number from 1 to 18. These appear roughly in chronological order.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume contains the following two documents:
League of Nations, Conference for the Supervision of the International Trade in Arms and Ammunition and in Implements of War: Convention, Declaration regarding the Territory of Ifni, Protocol on Chemical and Bacteriological Warfare, Protocol of Signature, Final Act(CCIA 91 (2)) and
International Arms Traffic Conference, Geneva, May-June 1925, Report by the Delegates for India.The delegates for India named in the second of these documents are Major-General Sir Percy Zachariah Cox and Colonel W E Wilson-Johnston.The first of these documents is in both French and English.1 volume (65 folios)There are tables of contents towards the front of the first document, on folio 5v; and towards the front of the second, on folio 45v.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 66 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 13, 13A.
The file concerns publicity about Bahrain in newspapers and journals, much of it of a sensitive or critical nature. The sources of the articles are the British and Indian press, the European press (Italian and German newspapers), and the Arabic press (based in Iraq, Egypt, and Syria). The transcripts of articles from the Arabic language press appear in English translations. The transcripts of articles and press summaries are accompanied by correspondence from British officials (especially the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf), Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Bahrain Government, and other officials.The papers include:correspondence between Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch, Political Agent, Bahrain, Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and William Arthur Moore, editor of the
Statesman, Calcutta, dated January - February 1934 and November - January 1935 concerning a proposal that Moore come to Bahrain in 1935 in order to write a series of articles about the Persian Gulf;correspondence relating to the correction of an inaccuracy in an article entitled 'Persian Gulf Oil Wells' published in the
Observerof 15 April 1934, dated May - July 1934;papers relating to an anonymous article critical of Belgrave in the
AlShababnewspaper of Cairo dated 6 October 1937 entitled 'The Country of Bahrain: What Befell her through Colonisation', including attempts to identify the author of the article, November 1937 and August - September 1938, discussion of counter-propaganda, December 1937 - February 1938, and four 'counter-propaganda' articles by Belgrave for insertion in the Arabic press entitled 'Bahrain and what is Said about it', February 1938;papers concerning an extract from the
Bombay Chronicledated 3 January 1938 containing a letter entitled 'Plight of Indians in Bahrain Petroleum Company', in which seven Indian employees had made complaints about working conditions, pay, and accommodation at the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), February - July 1938;press agency reports issued by L'Orient Arabe, Cairo containing details of articles in the Arabic press relating to the Persian Gulf, July - September 1938;translation of anonymous article published in
Al-Rabita El-Arabiahdated 31 August 1938 entitled 'People of Bahrain are Displeased with the Bad Administration of the British Authority';translation of article that appeared in the
Frankfurter Zeitungof 7 August 1938 entitled 'On the Bahrain Islands: the Play for Oil and Power in the Persian Gulf'.The Arabic and French language content of the file is confined to letterheads of L'Orient Arabe, Cairo, apart from an Arabic version of the pseudonym 'Young Man' at the end of the letter on folio 52.The last item of correspondence in the main body of the file is dated 21 September 1938. The closing date in the overall date range is supplied by a note on that item dated 15 November [1938].1 file (316 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file. Occasional serial numbers in pencil and red crayon in the top right hand corner of the recto page of folios refer to entries in the notes at the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the fourth folio after the front cover (the first bearing text) and terminates at 310 on the fourth before the back cover (the last bearing text). The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomaly: ff. 58, 58A. The following folios need to be folded out (to almost A3 size) to be read: ff. 37, 38. In addition, a second, incomplete foliation sequence runs from 31-277 (ff. 39-285). These numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and appear in the same position as the main sequence.
This file contains a selection of correspondence and enclosures compiled by the India Office Political and Secret Department relating to arms traffic in the Persian Gulf from 1897-98.Correspondents include: the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Marquess of Salisbury, the Secretary of State for India, the Chargé d'Affaires in Tehran, the Admiralty, the Viceroy of India, the Government of India, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Sultan of Muscat, and various British merchant companies.The following topics are discussed:measures for the control of trade in arms and ammunition with Muscat;the power of the Crown to prohibit the export of arms and to stop the importation by British subjects or in British vessels;the Customs Consolidation Act and other treaties with Muscat;treaty engagements of Bahrein;the search and seizure of shipments at Muscat and Bushire including the SS
Tripoli, and SS
Baluchistan;the registration of arms;grievances of British merchants over loss of trade.It contains three short treaty extracts in French.1 file (27 folios)This file consists of a single document with re-printed correspondence arranged in chronological order.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 1, and terminates at f 27, it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file contains a selection of correspondence and enclosures compiled by the India Office Political and Secret Department relating to arms traffic in the Persian Gulf from 1897-98.Correspondents include: the Political Agent and Consul at Maskat [Muscat], the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Foreign Office, the Viceroy of India, the Board of Customs, the Consul-General for Fars, the Chargé d'Affaires in Tehran, the India Office, the Government of India, the Secretary of State for India, and various British merchant companies.The following topics are discussed:the seizure of arms on board SS
Baluchistan;an assessment of the current situation regarding arms traffic and steps recently taken for its suppression;British and Persian firms engaged in the arms trade;the confiscation of arms at Bushire;Persian prohibition, and British interests in coming to agreement with the Persian Government and assisting in enforcing Persian regulations;methods of trade;policy for the future;the registration of arms and ammunition;the case of Fracis Times & Co. v. The Sea Insurance Company (Limited)It contains three letters in French.1 file (26 folios)This file consists of a single document with re-printed correspondence arranged chronologically.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 28, and terminates at f 53, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume is a fifth edition of a collection of historic treaties, engagements and sanads (charters) signed between representatives of the British Government or East India Company, and foreign rulers, dignitories or government officials, in the regions of Aden, south west Arabia, the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf, including Muscat and Oman, Baluchistan, and the north-west frontier province (present-day Pakistan). This volume, originally compiled by Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, was revised in 1930 and published in 1933 by the Manager of Publications in Dehli, under the authority of the Government of India.Part 1 contains treaties and engagements relating to Aden and the southwest coast of Arabia:An historical overview of British (and Turkish) involvement in the region, including descriptions of the treaties and engagements signed;The Anglo-Turkish Convention (in French) respecting the boundaries of Aden, dated 9 March 1914;Treaties and conventions, agreed between the years 1802-1917, at Aden and with the Abdali tribe, the Subeihi, Fadhli, Aqrabi, Aulaqi, Irqa, Lower Haura, Beihan, Yafai, Audhali, Haushabi, Alawi, the Amirate of Dhala, the Wahidi, Kathiri, the Sultanate of Mukalla, Soqotra [Suquṭrā] and Qishn, Yemen, and the Idrisi. The treaties cover agreements of commerce, friendship and protection; agreements for the cession or purchase of land, for the abolition of the slave trade, storage of coal, protection of shipwrecked British sailors.Part 2 contains treaties and engagements relating to the Arab principalities of the Persian Gulf, divided into the following areas: 1) The Wahhābī and Nejd [Najd]; 2) Bahrain; 3) The Trucial Arab shaikhs (of Oman); and 4) Kuwait:An historic overview of the agreements made between the British and the region’s rulers, organised by tribes and/or geographical locality;Agreements and treaties signed with the Wahhābī tribe, including: an agreement between the Wahhābī and British Government over aggression towards the Arab tribes, dated 21 April 1866; a series of conventions and treaties agreed in the 1920s, establishing boundaries and relations between the Kingdom of Najd and its neighbours; the Treaty of Jeddah, dated 20 May 1927;Agreements and treaties signed with the ruler of Bahrain, relating to: piracy and slavery (1820), abstention from entering into relations with foreign powers (1880, 1892), arms trafficking, wireless telegraphy (1912), and oil exploitation (1914);Agreements and treaties signed with the shaikhs of the Arab coast, relating to respect for British property (1806), piracy (1820), the slave trade (1838, 1873), the maintenance of maritime peace in perpetuity (1853), the Anglo-Qatar treaty (1916); oil exploitation (1922);Agreement and treaties signed with the ruler of Kuwait, relating to: arms trafficking, exclusive post office rights (1904), pearling and sponge fishing concessions (1911), wireless telegraphy (1912), oil exploitation (1913), boundaries between Kuwait and Najd (1922) and Kuwait and Iraq (1923).Part 3 contains treaties and engagements relating to Oman, chiefly Muscat but also Sohar:An historical overview of the Sultanate of Muscat, and the agreements made between Britain and Muscat;Treaties and conventions, agreed between the years 1798 and 1929, including: the exclusion of the French from the Sultan of Muscat’s territories (1798); suppression of the slave trade (1822, 1873); commerce (1839); cession of the Kuria Muria islands [Jazā'ir Khurīyā Murīyā] (1854); the independence of Zanzibar (1861, 1862); telegraphic communications (1864, 1865); jurisdiction of Indian subjects at Muscat (1873); friendship and commerce (1891); coalfields at Ṣūr (1902); arms traffic (1919); prolongation of the commercial treaty (1891); treaty of peace between the Sultan of Muscat and Chief of Sohar (1839).Part 4 contains treaties and engagements relating to Baluchistan:An historic overview of the region and its districts, including British involvement in Baluchistan, organised by the Kalat [Kelat] Agency, Sibi Agency, and British Baluchistan and its territories;The treaties and conventions listed for Kelat, agreed between the years 1839 and 1925, include: an engagement between the British Government and the Khan of Kelat (1839), the Khan of Kelat’s allegiance and submission to the British Government (1841); various agreements for the protection of the Indo-European telegraph line; cession of lands for the Kandahar Railway (1880), Mushkaf-Bolan Railway (1894) and Nushki Railway (1906); demarcation of the boundary between Persian Baluchistan and Kelat (1896);The treaties and conventions listed for Sibi and British Baluchistan, agreed between the years 1884 and 1897, including: cession to the British Government of rights to petroleum and other mineral oils (1885); agreement on the Bargha and Largha boundary line (1895), grazing fees for animals and responsibility for good behaviour within the British border at Zhob, signed by the Suliman Khel Ghilzai (1897).Part 5 contains treaties and engagements relating to the northwest frontier province:An historic overview of British involvement and administration of the province;The treaties and conventions agreed in the province, arranged as follows : 1) Hazara District; 2) Dir, Swat and Chitral Agency; 3) Peshawar District; 4) Khyber Agency; 5) Kohat District; 6) Kurram Agency; 7) Bannu District; 8) North Waziristan Agency; South Waziristan Agency. The agreements relate to: relations with the British; maintenance of peace; acceptance of terms; protection of borders and communications; commerce; exclusion or expulsion from certain districts of undesirables, including ‘Hindustani fanatics’.The appendices contain a number of treaties signed between foreign rulers, including treaties agreed between Muscat and the United States, French and Dutch Governments, as well as British Parliament acts and memoranda related to the treaties and engagements in the volume.409 foliosThe volume is arranged into five key geographical regions: Aden and the southwest coast of Arabia, the Persian Gulf, Oman (Muscat) and Sohar, Baluchistan, and the northwest frontier province. The main body of the volume, containing the narrative treaties, is arranged into parts covering these five regions. The appendices at the end of the volume is likewise arranged by the five regions.Each part (or region) is further subdivided into a number of smaller units, and in some cases further subdivided into smaller units. These subdivisions can be tribal, geographical and administrative in nature. Within each part, the narrative treaties are numbered with Roman numerals, restarting at I at the beginning of each part.There is a contents page at the front of the volume (ff.2-17) which lists the geographical regions, their subdivisions and treaties. The contents pages refers to the volume’s pagination system. There is a subject index, arranged alphabetically, at the end of the volume (ff.363-405) which also refers to the volume’s pagination system.Foliation: The volume’s foliation sequence uses circled pencil numbers, located in the top-right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio with text, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 405. Total number of folios: 405. Total number of folios including covers and flysheets: 409.Pagination: The volume has a series of printed pagination sequences, expressed in Roman numerals for the contents, appendices and index pages, and in Arabic numerals for the volume’s main content matter. These numbers are located in the top-left corner of versos and the top-right corner of rectos.
The volume is the fifth edition of volume 13 of a collection of historic treaties, engagements and sanads (charters) relating to India and its neighbouring countries, namely Persia and Afghanistan. This volume, originally compiled by Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, was revised in 1930 and published in 1933 by the Manager of Publications in Delhi, under the authority of the Government of India.Part 1 of the volume contains treaties and engagements relating to Persia and dating from between 12 April 1763 and 10 May 1929. The treaties refer to: trade agreements; foreign relations; prohibition and suppression of the slave trade; sovereignty and status of Persian regions; frontier negotiations; foreign concessions; telegraph lines. Part 2 of the volume contains treaties and engagements relating to Afghanistan and dating from between 17 June 1809 and 6 May 1930. The treaties relate to: foreign relations; the establishment of boundaries and frontier negotiations; peace treaties; commercial relations; import of arms. A number of appendices follow part 2, which contain the text of treaties relating to both Persia and Afghanistan.1 volume (289 folios)The volume is arranged into two parts covering Persia and Afghanistan respectively, as are the appendices at the end of the volume. Each part is divided into a number of chapters, identified by Roman numerals, and arranged chronologically, from the earliest treaties to the most recent. At the beginning of each part is a general introduction to the treaties and engagements that follow.There is a contents page at the front of the volume (ff 4-8) which lists the geographical regions and treaties. The contents pages refers to the volume’s pagination system. There is a subject index, arranged alphabetically, at the end of the volume (ff 277-87) which also refers to the volume’s pagination system.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio (except for the front cover where the folio number is on the verso).Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The memorandum concerns events in Persia, and diplomatic exchanges (predominantly between Britain and Russia) related to Persia, during 1906 and 1907. More specifically it covers the following topics:proposals by the Dutch engineer Graadt Van Roggen for a Karun irrigation scheme, and objections from the Persian Government to the Seistan [Sīstān] Water Award;an attack on HM Consulate at Seistan on 28 March 1906, and a separate attack on Colonel Douglas and Captain Lorimer in Luristan [Lorestān];proposals for an increase in the Consular Guard at Ahwaz, Isphanan [Eşfahān], and Shiraz.It also provides information on recent developments in the Persian telegraphic network:a proposed exchange of control of the Meshed [Mashhad]-Seistan and Tehran-Meshed telegraph wires between Britain and Russia;a proposal to secure the renewal of the Indo-European Telegraph's Persian Concession from 1925;proposals to extend the Seistan telegraph to the Indian frontier and install a duplicate wire from Tehran to Shahrud.The following financial topics are also included:efforts to effect the appointment of a French financial adviser to the Persian Government;a concession obtained for the establishment of a German bank at Tehran;a proposed Anglo-Russian loan to the Persian Government (the text of which can be found on folio 77v), and a further proposed advance upon the accession of a new Shah.The appendix (folios 81v-94) contains transcripts of papers (aide-mémoires, correspondence, draft agreements and conventions) illustrating the development of the Anglo-Russian agreement on Persia, see folios 81v-90. It also contains a copy of the text of the Anglo-Russian Agreement on folios 90-93v, and a declaration respecting the Persian Gulf on folio 94. The correspondents include: Sir Edward Grey, Foreign Secretary; Sir Arthur Nicolson, Ambassador to Russia; and Alexander Izvolsky, Russia's Foreign Minister. The appendix is made up of a combination of English and French language material.The memorandum is signed by William Erskine of the Foreign Office.1 file (34 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 61, and terminates at f 94, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
This file is a Foreign Office memorandum concerning the Baghdad railway written by Alwyn Parker,who had negotiated with both the German Government and the Ottoman Empire on this issue and was considered the Foreign Office's specialist on the topic.The memorandum is divided up as follows:1. General Railway development in Asia Minor;2. The Baghdad Railway Convention of 1903;3. The Anglo-German negotiations of 1903;4. The prospects of completion of the line without British co-operation;5. The influence of the railway on British interests.The file contains a map of the rail lines on folio 159 entitled 'Le Chemin De Fer De Bagdad' (The Baghdad Railway).The appendix to the memorandum contains a copy (in French) of the Convention de la Societe Imperiale Ottomane du Chemin de Fer de Bagdad of March, 1903 (folios 160-166), in and on folio 167 a list of official correspondence and publications referenced in the memorandum.1 volume (25 folios)On folio 167, the memorandum contains a list of all official correspondence and publications referenced in it.Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 142, and terminates at f 167, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
This is a printed memorandum outlining British commitments made to King Husein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] compiled by the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office. The memorandum is split into seven sections as follows: 'General Guarantees against the Restoration of the status quo'; 'Guarantees regarding the Moslem [Muslim] Holy Places'; 'Boundaries of Arab Independence'; 'Foreign Administration of Irak [Iraq], Syria and Palestine'; 'Relation of Sherif Husein to Great Britain'; 'Sheif Husein's Title'; and 'The Caliphate'. References to various sources, including Foreign Office correspondence, the Meccan
El Qibla[al-Qiblah] newspaper and
La Verité sur la question syrienne(Fourth Turkish Army Command: Stamboul, 1916), are made in the text and in footnotes.10 foliosFoliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 102 and terminates at folio 111, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
This printed memorandum, produced by the Foreign Office, dated 13 Jan 1947, deals with the history of Bahrein [Bahrain] from the point of view of the political status of the islands at various periods and dates since 1783, and contains copies of related correspondence and discussions. The principal authorities quoted in the memorandum are listed on folio 1v and appear as references in the right or left hand margin. The memorandum includes an index on folio 1r and a list of appendices on folio 1v. The index contains the the following sections:Geographical situation;Bahrein priot to 1783;1783-1820;1820-30;1830-40;1840-50;1850-61;1861-67;Discussion and Incidents, 1868-70;1870-80;1880-92. From the conclusion of the First to the conclusion of the Second Exclusive Agreement with Her Majesty's Government;1892-1913. From the Second Exclusive Agreement to the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;1913-34;Summary (A. Claims to or assertions of soverignty over Bahrein, 1783 to 1934. B. Basis of the Persian claim. C. Attitude of His Majesty's Government, 1820-1934);Reference to Law Officers of the Crown;Independent Status of Bahrein;1934-46 (Establishment of Naval Base at Bahrein; Persian Government's refusal to recognise visas and endoresments of Bahrein; Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the Saudi Arabian Government regarding Transit Dues at Bahrein; The Liabilities of His Majesty's Government in the Persian Gulf; Treatment of Bahreinis in Persia; Bahrein Nationality and Property Laws; Treatment of Persians in Bahrein; Postal Services between Persian and Bahrein; Persian Government decree regarding import of Petroleum Products from Bahrein; Remarks of the Persian Prime Minister to the United States Ambassador; Recent references to Bahrein in the Persian Press).The memorandum is marked 'Confidential' and 'The Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government'.1 file (31 folios)The file contains an index and list of appendices (folio 1) which make reference to paragraph and page numbers.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The memorandum concerns the border between Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and Turkey, and was prepared by Alwyn Parker of the Foreign Office. There are a number of labels at the top of the first page: ‘Persia’, ‘Confidential’ and ‘Section 10’. The memorandum sections are as follows:Part I. A preface (folios 1-5), introducing the points at issue, with two maps, the first being a sketch map of the Mohammerah district, with the proposed Turkish, Persian and mediating commissioner’s lines indicated (folio 2), and a map compiled from plane table surveys by Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson in 1909, with the frontier as defined by the mediating commissioners in 1850 (folio 4);Part II. An historical summary (folios 6-19) of British Government correspondence relating to the border dispute, with the chief focus being on correspondence exchanged during the period 1843-52, around the time of the Treaty of Erzeroum (c.1848). This part contains two copies of a map, a facsimile of a diagram of the disputed area, the original of which was enclosed by Colonel Williams in his despatch of 4 February 1850, indicating Turkish and Persian claims and the mediating commissioner’s proposal (folios 15, 19);Part III. Conclusion (folios 20-28), with a further map (folio 23), an exact copy of that found on folio 4.The appendices that follow are:A: British assurances given to the Shaikh of Mohammerah, 1899 and 1902-10;B. Protocol of December 1911 (in French) for the proposal settlement of the Turco-Persian frontier question;C. An extract from Sir Austen Henry Layard’s
Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, published in 1887. The extract is from volume 2, pp 431-439;D. Rough notes made by General William Monteith when in Persia, on the frontier of Turkey and Persia, as communicated to the Foreign Office in 1843;E. Observations by Sir Henry Rawlinson on a Persian memorandum relative to the situation of the cities of Mohammerah and Fellahiah [Fallāḥīyah], 1844;F. Text of the Treaty of Erzeroum, 31 May 1847, in English and French translation;G. Copy of a despatch from Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador to Istanbul, to Lord Palmerston, Foreign Secretary, dated 30 May 1850;H. Copy of a despatch from Lord Palmerston to Lord Broomfield, dated 12 July 1850.1 file (41 folios, 5 maps)The memorandum is arranged into three parts, labelled I, II and III, which are followed by eight lettered appendices, A-H. Historic correspondence referred to in the memorandum is referenced in the inside page margin.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.
The file consists of a memorandum giving an account of the Aden frontier delimitation, and treaty relations with the Aden tribes from 1873. Compiled by the Foreign Office, 11 December 1905.It discusses the following: tribes with whom Her Majesty's Government has direct relations; boundary disputes and Turkish encroachments; protectorate treaties and agreements; the British Demarcation Commission survey; and the military and naval support.The French content of the file is limited to a memorandum extract by Nicholas O'Conor, HM Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, 11 August 1904.A despatch concerning maps of the frontier delimitation from Edward Grey, Foreign Secretary to His Majesty's Ambassador, dated 8 March 1906, is included as a supplement.Also included is one map: IOR/W/LPS/18/B156 (i),
Map showing tribes and new boundary of the Aden Protectorate.1 file (7 folios)The file consists of a single memorandum.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 170, and terminates at f 176, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 175-181; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are circled.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
A printed confidential memorandum for the use of the Foreign Office. The memorandum addresses the Turkish [Ottoman] increase of custom dues and proposals of a Tigris Valley Railway and a Baghdad-Mediterranean Railway. It also contains updates on negotiations with Germany, Russia and France in 1909. The report quotes fragments from a letter in French, from the Turkish [Ottoman] Ambassador in London. A report of the Mesopotamian Railways Committee is contained in the file's annex.bound in volume with other documents (17 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f.139, and terminates at f.155, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled.Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file is a Foreign Office memorandum regarding the right of the Euphrates and Tigris Steam-ship Company to sail their barges on those rivers, written by Foreign Office Librarian, Edward Hertslet.The file contains a summary of negotiations between the British and Ottoman Governments and as such, also contains extracts from Ottoman Government documents in French.1 volume (8 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 97, and terminates at f 104, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
This file is a short memorandum that summarises the legal situation regarding the right of English mail ships to sail on the Tigris River. The memorandum was written by Foreign Office Librarian, Edward Hertslet.On folio 106 the file contains an extract from a letter (from an Ottoman Government official) that is in French.1 volume (2 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 105, and terminates at f 106, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
The memorandum concerns Persia's northern frontier with Russian Turkestan along the Attrek [Atrek] River valley. It outlines Russian activities in the region (e.g. troop movements, fort construction, and meetings with local chieftains), along with British and Persian diplomatic responses to these activities; this includes British efforts to prevent Persia from ceding the region to Russian control. It covers British suspicions that the Russians are encroaching on Persia's northern border, and attempting to draw the local Turkoman tribes away from their relations with Persia.The memorandum is illustrated with a number of map sketches, which show a number of different interpretations of the Persian-Russian frontier:Captain George Campbell Napier's Map 1876. Denoting supposed Persian border line (f 116);Arrowsmith Map. 1834 (f 117r);Zimmerman's Map. 1841 (f 117v);Vambery's Map 1863 (f 117v);Russian Map 1863 (f 119r);Arrowsmith Map 1872 (f 119v);Walker's Turkestan. 1873 (f 120r);Russian Map 1873 (f 122r);Kiepert's Turkestan 1876 (f 135v).The memorandum includes a number of brief insertions in French; these insertions consist of recollections from diplomatic conversations, which have occurred in relation to Persia's northern frontier.1 file (25 folios)The file consists of a table of contents (folios 114-115), followed by a map (folio 116), which is in turn followed by the body of the memorandum itself (folios 117-137).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 113, and terminates at f 137, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Memorandum prepared by Edward Hertlset, Foreign Office Librarian, on 5 March 1874 (printed by the Foreign Office 10 March 1874). The document gives a historical overview (from 1517 to 1874) of claims on the Red Sea coast, with particular focus on those of the Ottoman Turks and the Egyptians. It discusses attempts by the French, Italians and Americans to gain a foothold in the region. It ends with a summary of things as they stand, with political and commercial considerations, as well as those of the slave trade.Hertslet quotes extensively from his sources, notes on which appear in the left-hand margin.35 foliosAt the beginning (folios 1-2) there is a table of reference to facts and dates, with reference to the printed page number.Foliation: the sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 1-34; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet also contains an original typed pagination sequence.
A memorandum of the events and correspondence relating to the Turkish construction of a fort at Fao on the Shat-el-Arab. The memorandum reproduces a number of representations made by the British Government both directly to the Turkish Porte and through the Persian Government, objecting to the construction of the fort on the grounds that it was said to contravene a Turco-Persian agreement of 1847. By June 1897 the fort is said to have fallen into decay and to be without guns, but the memorandum concludes that the British must resort to other means if construction of the fort is revived. The memorandum is written by Edmund Neel, Political and Secret Department, India Office, and provides a map at folio 19.1 file (9 folios)This file consists of a single memorandum in 34 sections, with a sketch map (f 19).Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at folio 18 and terminates at folio 26, as it is part of a larger volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but one set is circled and crossed through, the other set is not circled.
The memorandum outlines the development of proposals for railways in Persia between 1872 and 1911. This includes discussion of the potential advantages/disadvantages (both commercial and political) for the British in the construction of railways in Southern Persia, and the potential threat posed by the expansion of Russian railways in Northern Persia towards British India, Afghanistan, and the Persian Gulf. Proposals for various schemes are included, from those limited to internal routes within Persia, to schemes designed to link the rail networks of India and Russia via a Trans-Persian link. Consideration is also given to British and Russian efforts to maintain their spheres of influence in Persia, and their joint desire to resist any encroachment by Germany.The memorandum is signed by John Edward Ferard, India Office.The appendix (folios 123-132) contains supporting extracts from various papers (aide-mémoires, correspondence, memoranda, minutes, and published writings). This includes the following:an extract from a minute by George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, dated 4 September 1899, respecting the importance of Seistan [Sīstān] to the maintenance of British influence in Southern Persia (ff 123-124);an extract from a minute by the Viceroy of India, dated 28 October 1901, respecting the potential threat of increasing Russian influence in Persia to Britain's strategic and commercial interests in the Persian Gulf (ff 124-125v);an extract from the Anglo-Persian Agreement (31 August 1907) respecting Persia (ff 125v-126);various communications between British, Persian, and Russian authorities on the topic of railway construction in Persia (ff 126-130);extracts from various published sources on the subject of railways in Persia (ff 130-132).An index to the memorandum can be found on folios 134-136. Some extracts in the main body of the memorandum, and some papers included in the appendix are in French.1 file (42 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 95, and terminates at f 136, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The memorandum was created based on the re-awakened interest on the part of the French for Sheikh Said [Shēk Seyd], and is a collection of information held in the Political and Secret Department of the India Office relating to the territory. It Includes a summary of: the acquisition of Sheikh Said by a French company; Turkish claims to sovereignty; the importance of Sheikh Said's location in terms of Perim [Jazīrat Mayyūn]; the extent of French occupation; and the erection of a Turkish fort at Torbeah.The file contains two extracts in French.1 file (3 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 55, and terminates at f 57, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 55-57; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The memorandum considers whether British participation in the proposed Trans-Persian Railway would be in Britain's interests. To this end it considers possible advantages/disadvantages to British trade, finance, and her strategic/political interests.The appendix (folio 32) contains an extract from a letter from Sir William Edmund Garstin dated 9 December 1912. It also contains two enclosures (in French) from a letter — also from Garstin — dated 20 December 1912.1 file (5 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 28, and terminates at f 32, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The memorandum outlines a number of loans and advances made to the Persian Government by Britain and Russia respectively at the turn of the twentieth century; this includes information on the securities pledged by Persia to meet repayments. It also covers British concerns over the definition of the Southern/Gulf Ports of Persia (pledged as security for British loans), and British fears that the customs of these ports might fall under the control of another foreign power, or be used as security for non-British loans. Also outlined in the memorandum are a number of proposed loans that never reached fruition, and a proposed conversion loan in 1910 from the Imperial Bank of Persia in order to consolidate the Persian Government's debt.Information on some of the diplomatic discourse which has taken place from 1900 to 1912 between the Foreign Office, the India Office, and Russian representatives regarding the payment of loans to Persia is also included.The appendix on folios 48-53 contains supporting transcripts, which include:an extract from a memorandum by Sir Arthur Henry Hardinge, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, dated 29 March 1903; it provides background details on the Imperial Bank of Persia (f 48);a note on the Caspian Fisheries (f 48);the text of an agreement for the advance of £200,000 by the Imperial Bank of Persia to the Persian Government (ff 48v-49)a table showing the amortization scheme for the Anglo-Indian Loan of 1903-04; extracted from a report on Persia by Sir Cecil Arthur Spring-Rice (f 49);a statement (in French) by the Administrator of the Persian Customs as to 'fixed charges' on the customs revenue, dated 1909 (ff 49v-50);the text of an agreement between the Imperial Bank of Persia and the Persian Government, dated 8 June 1910, with supplementary letters from the Bank to the Persian Finance Minister, dated 2-4 June 1910; it regards the repayment of debts owed to the bank (ff 50-51);a list of payments and receipts from the Imperial Bank of Persia (1903-1910) respecting loans or proposed loans to the Persian Government (ff 51v-52).Some extracts quoted in the main body of the memorandum are in French, as are a number of the appendices. An index can be found on folio 54.This memorandum is continued in a subsequent memorandum dated 27 November 1912 (see IOR/L/PS/18/C120b).1 file (21 folios)The memorandum is divided into two parts: the main body (folios 33-47) and an appendix (folios 48-53). An index has also been included at the back on folio 54.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 33, and terminates at f 53, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file is a memorandum written by Adolphus Warburton Moore, Political and Secret Department, of historical events and correspondence relating to the occupation of Merv by Russia, and to Russian activity in Khorassan, on the Persian boundary.The memorandum reproduces a despatch to the Russian Ambassador to London, in which Lord Granville, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, expresses the British Government's displeasure at hearing of the Russian annexation of Merv, against assurances previously given by the Government of the Russian Empire. The memorandum gives the Russian response, describing the annexation as merely an act of local administration without political pre-meditation on the part of Russia, who continue to seek co-operation and friendly relations with the British Government.The memorandum goes on to describe British concerns and Russian denials that they next intended to annexe Sarakhs on the Persian border, and, upon the arrival of Russian troops at Sarakhs and in other parts of Khorassan, Persian protests to the Russian Government.1 file (13 folios)Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 110 and terminates at the last folio with 122, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 110-122; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.