This volume contains part 1 of the subject 'Persia Gulf'. It concerns Britain's relations with Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] following the latter's occupation of Ottoman-ruled El Hassa [Al Hasa] and Nejd [Najd]. Much of the correspondence is concerned with how Bin Saud's occupation of Nejd and El Hassa will affect the continuing Anglo-Turkish negotiations [for the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913, which was never ratified] and British foreign policy in the region more generally.Also discussed in the volume are the following: whether the British should allow the transhipment of Ottoman troops in Bahrein waters; a visit (regarded after the event as 'ill-advised' by the Secretary of State for India) paid by the Political Agent, Koweit [Kuwait], Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, to Bin Saud, at Majma'a [Al Majma], six weeks before Bin Saud occupied El Hassa; the death of Sheikh Jasim-bin-thani [Shaikh Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī, Ruler of Qatar]; British hopes of securing the early withdrawal of the Turkish garrison from El Katr [Qatar]; reports that the Turkish Government intends to respond to the events in Nejd by appointing Bin Saud as Mutessarif [Mutasarrif] of the district.The following principal correspondents appear in the volume: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Sir Percy Zachariah Cox; the Viceroy of India [Charles Hardinge]; the Secretary of State for India, the Marquess of Crewe [Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes]; the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India, Thomas William Holderness; His Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople, Gerard Augustus Lowther; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Sir Edward Grey; the Political Agent, Koweit; Bin Saud.The part includes a divider that gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in the part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (155 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2182 (Persia Gulf) consists of 8 volumes: IOR/L/PS/10/384-391. The volumes are divided into 12 parts with part 1 comprising the first volume, part 2 comprising the second volume, part 3 comprising the third volume, parts 4-5 comprising the fourth volume, part 6 comprising the fifth volume, parts 7-8 comprising the sixth volume, parts 9-10 comprising the seventh volume, and parts 11-12 comprising the eighth volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 155; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
Correspondence and other papers relating to the Soviet Union’s demand, made to the Iranian Government during the Anglo-Soviet occupation of the country in the Second World War, for an oil concession agreement in northern Persia [Iran]. The file, which is chiefly comprised of correspondence between the British Ambassador at Tehran, Reader William Bullard, and the Foreign Office, covers: the deterioration in relations between the Soviet Union and the Iranian Governments, in the wake of the Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Sa’ed’s consideration and subsequent refusal to grant the Soviet Government oil concessions in Persia; the activities of the Soviet Assistant Commissar in Tehran, Sergey Kavtaradze, and his efforts to persuade the Sa’ed Government to grant Soviet Russia oil concessions in northern Persia; Sa’ed’s resignation in November 1944, and the subsequent political crisis in Iranian Government that ensued; descriptions of reports in the Iranian press, Soviet press, and pro-Soviet newspapers affiliated to the Tudeh Party of Iran. The file also includes a report entitled ‘An Account of the Kavir-i-Khourian Oil Concession North Persia’, prepared by the Research Department at the Foreign Office in September 1945, and illustrated with map and photographs (ff 10-21).The file includes a small amount of text in French (extracts of Iranian newspaper articles and Iranian Government laws).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (325 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 327; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence between ff 135-145, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Correspondence and papers concerning relations between Persia [Iran] and Turkey. Subjects covered include: the signing of treaties of friendship and neutrality between the two nations in 1932; the proposed visit of the Shah of Persia [Reza Shah Pahlavi] to Angora [Ankara] in 1934; the visit of a Turkish delegation to Persia in 1936, for talks on a number of issues including security, frontiers, judicial assistance, extradition, commerce and customs; newspaper cuttings from
Le Journal de Tehran, dated 1937, reproducing a number of treaties, conventions and agreements between the Governments of Persia and Turkey, for ratification in the Persian parliament (ff 22-38); the rectification of the Perso-Turkish frontier, including a report by J P G Finch (with map) entitled ‘Turco-Iranian Frontier: Rectifications of January, 1932, and May, 1937, in the area of Marbishu [Mārmīshū]’ (ff 9-15).The file’s principal correspondents are: HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Reginald Hervey Hoare, Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen, and Horace James Seymour; HM’s Ambassador to Turkey, George Russell Clerk and Percy Lyham Loraine. The file contains a number of items written in French, being copies of treaties and communiqués exchanged between the Governments of Turkey and Persia.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (77 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 78; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This file is a continuation from the previous file concerning the events of the 1913 uprising of the Ibāḍī imamate and the tribes of the interior of Oman under the leadership Sālim bin Rāshid al-Kharūṣī against the authority of the Sultans of Muscat and Oman, al-Sayyid Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd and Taymūr bin Fayṣal Āl Bū Sa‘īd, and the subsequent intervention and deployment of British Indian troops of the 2nd Rajput Regiment stationed at Bushire. The correspondence is between Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, and Major Stuart George Knox, Political Agent at Muscat, and later between Knox as officer on special duty as Resident in the Perisan Gulf, and Liutenant-Colonel Robert Aruthur Edward Benn, Political Agent at Muscat.Subjects included are: the illness of the Sultan (f 2); Muscat Arms Warehouse (ff 12-13, 18-22); the death of Sultan (f 11); succession following the death of the Sultan by his son (ff 16-17, 24, 43-44); funeral of the late Sultan (f 30) blockade of Muscat and the Batinah coast [al-Bāṭinah] (f 23); relations with the French Consul (f 45); Special Diary of the events connected with the Imam’s rising for the period 29 March to 5 April (ff 70-74); movements of the Sultan and the Imam; assistance from Shaikh Hamdan bin Zaid [Ḥamdān bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān] and other Trucial Coast chiefs (ff 120-121).There are also various extracts from Muscat News.1 file (122 folios)This file is arranged approximately in chronological order.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the cover and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present in the volume between ff. 2-122; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams and letters regarding the question of the relative rank of Royal Navy Commanders and Foreign Consuls in the Gulf for special occasions such as Durbars, processions and other public ceremonies under the direct control of the Government of India. The volume also contains correspondence regarding the Queens-Empress’s Day, specifically how it was celebrated in Muscat, the number of gun salutes required, and whether to invite Foreign Consuls in Muscat to dress their flag on the day or not.The Political Agent, Muscat, the Political Resident, Bushire, and other officials of the Government of India discussed the attitude of the French Consul on the anniversary of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India, and they also discussed the number of gun salutes to the President of the Council of Ministers, the Ministers and to the Chiefs in the Persian Gulf collectively and individually. Other correspondents in the volume are the French Consul at Muscat, and the Secretary to the Government of India, Marine Department.1 volume (106 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 108; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 7-58; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The file concerns the claim of the Government of Iran (generally referred to as the Government of Persia) to territorial sovereignty over Bahrein [Bahrain].The papers include: the Iranian claim in the light of the Bahrain oil concession; representations by the Government of Iran to the League of Nations, and the involvement of League in the dispute; summary of diplomatic correspondence, 1927-29 (folios 506-511); India Office 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 14 July 1934 - a historical summary of the political status of Bahrain, and Persian claims to sovereignty; the submission of the question by the India Office to the Law Officers of the Crown, 1934 (folios 466-472), and the report of the Law Officers of the Crown (folios 400-403), stating their opinion that Persia had no rights of sovereignty or suzerainty over Bahrain; the view of the Foreign Office (subsequently adopted) that references in public pronouncements to the independence of Bahrain needed to be qualified by the statement that the ruler was 'in special treaty relations with His Majesty's Government' (folios 378-380); the status of Tamb and Abu Musa (folio 361); the imposition of Iranian import duty on aviation oil supplied to Bahrain (folios 315-316); the views of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf on the dangers of submitting the question to international arbitration (folios 308-314); similarities to the dispute between the United States of America (USA) and the Netherlands over Palmas Island [Miangas or Palmas, Indonesia] (e.g. folios 306-307); the views of the Government of Saudi Arabia (folios 268-270); the issue of passports and visas; transcripts of articles in support of the Iranian position in the Iranian and Arabic language press; the effect of the Bahrain nationality and property laws; Italian propaganda in support of the Iranian claim (folio 243); comparison with the Falkland Islands (folio 210); the refusal of the Iranian postal authorities to accept mails from Bahrain (folio 186); the involvement of the United Nations Organisation; Foreign Office 'Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 13 January 1947, substantially based on the India Office 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' of 1934 (folios 97-126); Soviet propaganda over Bahrain (folio 57); the presence in Tehran of a person claiming to represent the Bahrain National Party (folios 50-54); and correspondence dated 1948 concerning the size and position of the Persian community in Bahrain, including a letter on the subject from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (folios 25-37).The file contains significant correspondence from the Foreign Office, HM Minister, Tehran (later the British Ambassador to Tehran), and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The French language content of the file consists of approximately thirty folios of diplomatic correspondence and newspaper extracts.The file also contains copies of earlier correspondence, dated 1927-31.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file in 3 parts (519 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: this file consists of three physical parts. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of part one with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover of part three with 525; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-524; these numbers are printed, but are not circled.
This volume contains correspondence regarding wide-ranging negotiations that took place between the Persian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the British Legation in Tehran, the aim of which was the agreement of a bilateral treaty between the British and Persian [Iranian] governments in order to resolve a number of outstanding issues including the status of Henjam [Hengam] Island and Bahrain.The majority of the correspondence in the volume is internal correspondence between British officials, but it also contains a limited amount of correspondence in French that was exchanged between British and Persian Government officials.In addition to this correspondence, the volume contains the following documents:'Committee of Imperial Defence. Standing Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East. Minutes of a Meeting held at No. 2, Whitehall Gardens, SW1, on Tuesday, August 1st, 1933, at 10.15am' (folios 27-38)Minutes of an informal meeting on Anglo-Persian relations held at the Foreign Office 26 June 1933 (folios 69-77)'Record of a Meeting held at the Foreign Office on November 18th, 1932, to discuss the situation arising out of Tehran telegrams Nos. 181 and 182 regarding Henjam' (folios 212-231)Cabinet memorandum entitled 'Anglo-Persian Relations' 31 October 1924 (folios 289-292)Cabinet memorandum entitled 'Anglo-Persian Relations' 24 October 1924 (folios 329-330)'Committee of Imperial Defence. Standing Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East. Minutes of a meeting on the Sub-Committee held in Conference Room A, No. 2, Whitehall Gardens, SW1 on Friday, September 30th, 1932, at 4.0 pm' (folios 390-412)'Committee of Imperial Defence. Persian Gulf Sub-Committee. British Policy in the Persian Gulf. Memorandum by the Secretary of State for India' 1928, (folios 491-493).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (543 folios)The subject 200 (Anglo-Persian Treaty Negotiations) consists of eight volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/1250-1257. The volumes are divided into ten parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume, parts 3, 4 and 5 comprising one volume each, parts 6 and 7 comprising the fifth volume, and parts 8, 9 and 10 comprising one volume each.The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 545; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This is a correspondence file about the operation and impact on the population and economy of Bahrain and the Trucial Coast sheikhdoms, of Government of India export licensing restrictions for the supply of tea and to a lesser extent, coffee, sugar, dates and cotton piece goods, to the Persian Gulf, during the Second World War (1939-1945). Letters, telegrams and memoranda are exchanged mainly between the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Adviser to the Bahrain Government, and also between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Political Agent, Bahrain and several Government of India officials, particularly the Tea Controller for India, the Export Trade and Foreign Trade Controllers in Bombay and Calcutta and other officials, mainly in the Departments of Commerce and External Affairs.The file contains numerous supply and trade statistics, mainly for tea, and in particular the regular lists compiled by the Director of Customs and Port Officer for Bahrain, acting in his wartime capacity as the Food Controller, Bahrain. His lists show the monthly distribution of licenses for the export of tea quotas, and to a lesser extent coffee, from India to Bahrain, together with the names of the Bombay exporters and the Bahrain importers for each consignment. Throughout the correspondence, British officials discuss their several enquiries into Indian tea exports to Arab countries that they suspect are re-exported or smuggled into Germany and other enemy countries. The Political Resident in the Persian Gulf also raises his concerns about the potential impact of Government of India export controls on the economy of the Arab Gulf States and shaikhdoms if he should strictly enforce them, since they would inhibit normal trade with Iran (Persia) in essential commodities subject to severe wartime shortages, such as fresh food and firewood. The file also includes numerous letters exchanged between Bahrain importers, Indian exporters and the Political Agent, Bahrain about shipments of tea and other commodities to Bahrain.1 file (372 folios)Files papers are arranged more or less chronologically.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 374; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-373; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Papers concerning the issue of licenses and visas for Persian and Indian lorry drivers operating between Duzdap [Zahedan] in the East Persian province of Sistan, and Nok Kundi in British Baluchistan [in present-day Pakistan]. The licenses were issued by the Governments of Persia [Iran] and India.The correspondence includes: reports of social unrest in the border region between Persia and British Baluchistan from 1934 to 1936; the Persian military’s commandeering of lorries driven by Indians for the purposes of transporting Persian troops and provisions; reports of the ‘ill-treatment’ of some Indian drivers by the Persian military; compensation claims made by the British Government against the Persian Government, on behalf of Indian drivers who were injured or killed while driving through dangerous areas; discussion between the British and Persian Governments about the Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1857, and the entitlement of British subjects in Persia to ‘most-favoured nation treatment’.The file’s principal correspondents include: HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Reginald Hervey Hoare, Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugesson; the British Consul at Sistan and Kain [Ka’īn], Clive Kirkpatrick Daly; the Foreign Department of the Government of India; the Governor General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan.The file contains several items of correspondence and newspaper cuttings in French, and a single item in Persian.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (212 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 213; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The report was printed for the Committee of Imperial Defence, November 1911, and approved on 14 December 1911. It concerns the situation in the Persian Gulf regarding the extent to which Turkish claims aligned with British interests, and engagements already made with the Sheikh of Koweit [Kuwait] and other chiefs.It includes the following:Report - The Standing Sub-Committee advise on the terminus of the Baghdad Railway, control of the navigation of the Shat-Al-Arab [Shatt al Arab], and the limits of Turkish sovereignty in the Shat-Al-Arab and on the shores of the Gulf.Proceedings - minutes of the First Meeting, 24 May 1911; and minutes of the Second Meeting, 15 June 1911.The following appendices are also contained in the report:I. Memorandum on Turkish aggression in the Persian Gulf, by the Foreign Office.II. Memorandum on local action in the Persian Gulf, by the General Staff, War Office.III. Letter on the Shat-Al-Arab and Koweit, from the Naval Commander-in-chief, East Indies, to the Government of India.IV. Report of the Inter-Departmental Conference on the Baghdad Railway terminus, by the Foreign Office, 1907.V. Foreign Office correspondence on the frontier of Muhamrah (Mohammerah)[Khorramshahr].VI. Memorandum on the Turco-Persian boundary question 1833-1906, by the Foreign Office.VII. Foreign Office correspondence on the frontier of Mohammerah, 1906-1911.Some treaty extracts and agreements are in French.Also contains three maps:f 25: 'MAP OF MOHAMMERAH AND DISTRICT PREPARED IN 1850'f 43: 'Sketch of APPROACHES TO KUWEIT HARBOUR AND SHATT AL ARAB'f 44: 'PERSIAN GULF AND ADJACENT COUNTRIES'1 volume (43 folios)The file consists of a single report and three accompanying maps. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff 3-4) references the volume’s original printed pagination.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 45; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file contains reports, predominantly in the form of telegrams, by British diplomatic and consular staff on political and social developments in Persia; the content of the reports reflect British Government interests during the Iran-Azerbaijan Crisis of 1946. The reports cover developments within the Central Government, developments in the provinces, and the activities of the Democratic Party and the Tudeh Party. This includes accounts of meetings held by the British and United States Ambassadors – John Le Rougetel and George V Allen – with Ahmad Qavam (Prime Minister and Leader of the Democratic Party) and the Shah – Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. The file also covers strikes and labour disputes, with those affecting the operations of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company being particularly predominant.The strikes of oil workers in Agha Jari and Abadan in July 1946 are covered in the reports, as is a threatened revolt by the Bakhtiari and Kashgai tribes. Reports from the British Ambassador to the Soviet Union (Sir Maurice Drummond Peterson) cover Soviet press reporting of developments in Persia. A small amount of content is in French.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (596 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 597; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the rebellion in Iraq 1941.The discussion in the file concerns measures to restore public order in Iraq following the British military occupation of the country which was instigated after a coup d'état by Rashid Ali Al-Gaylani in April 1941. It covers the following:further discussion surrounding the Kurdish rebel leader Shaikh Mahmoudsupport for the restored Iraqi government to enforce public ordermeasures to purge the Iraqi civil service of officials sympathetic to Rashid Ali Al-Gaylanijudicial process for the 'Golden Square' military officials who supported the coup d'etatIncluded in the file is a copy (folio 62) of a paper purporting to be the text of a secret treaty between Rashid Ali and the Axis powers.The principal correspondents in the volume include HM Ambassador to Iraq (Sir Kinahan Cornwallis) and HM Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (108 folios)The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 110; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 80-83; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled
Printed correspondence from the Government of India’s Foreign and Political Department (later referred to as the External Affairs Department), collated into yearly collections under the heading ‘Iran Series’. The original correspondence was sent by British representatives in Iran (chiefly the British Legation in Tehran) to the Foreign Office. The correspondence concerns: the announcement of laws, decrees, regulations, and budgets by the Government of Iran, the texts of which were frequently published in the newspaper
Le Journal de Tehran; reports from British consular officials covering a range of subjects, including commercial activities, foreign relations and the commercial activities of foreign individuals and companies in Iran, provincial affairs, and the activities of the Shah; in 1939 and 1940, reports concerning the impact of the Second World War on Iran, with a large number of reports from the Press Attaché to the British Legation in Tehran, reporting the dissemination of propaganda and public opinion in Iran.At the end of the file is a single item of original correspondence, sent by the Secretary to the Government of India. Dated 24 August 1942, it announces the discontinuation of the printing of the Persia [Iran] series for the duration of the war (f 159).A large number of items in the file are in French. These include the texts of Iranian Government laws, regulations and announcements that were published in
Le Journal de Tehran.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (158 folios)The file’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 160; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume contains correspondence and notes by British government officials about the Italian Government’s support for proposals by the British company Marconi, initially in association with the German company Telefunken, to establish a network of wireless (radio) telegraph stations in Persia. The main correspondents are ministers and senior officials at the Foreign Office and the India Office in London, the Director-in-Chief of the Indo-European Telegraph Department headquarters in London, the Viceroy and Governor-General of India at Calcutta, the British Minister to Persia at Tehran (also spelt Teheran) and the British Ambassador to Russia at Petrograd [Saint Petersburg]. The correspondents discuss the harm that would be caused to the British monopoly on telegraphic installations and communications between India, Southern Persia (referred to as the British zone) and the Persian Gulf, in the event that the Marconi Company was successful in obtaining a concession (licence) from the Persian Government, with the concurrence of the Russian Government. Included in the volume is a copy of the Marconi proposals, written in French and presented by the Italian Chargé d’Affaires at Tehran to the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1914. At the end of the volume is a copy of the General Post Office publication ‘Cable communication: further print of Concessions Granted in Foreign Countries accompanying memorandum of 13th October 1899, comparing General Forms of License for landing cables in the United Kingdom and various Licenses or Concessions for landing cables in British Possessions or Foreign Countries’, printed in October 1905.1 volume (316 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 3632 (Telegraphs – Wireless in Persia) consists of one volume.The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 318; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file concerns the assumption by the Grand Shereef of Mecca [Grand Sharif of Mecca, Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] of the title 'King of the Arab Nation' in 1916, and subsequent discussion by British officials of the implications of the move, and suggestions of alternative titles. The British were concerned that recognising the title would compromise treaties acknowledging the independence of other Arab chiefs.The papers include: reports by the High Commissioner, Egypt, Sir Arthur Henry McMahon; reports and discussion of the issue by the India Office, the Foreign Office, British officials in the Middle East, British diplomats, and the Government of India; suggestions for alternative titles by McMahon, the French Government, the Government of India, and others; the vital importance, in the British view, of supporting the Sharif's military operations against the Ottoman Turks (e.g. folio 134); the question of whether to allow the circulation of the newspaper
Kiblain Egypt in order to inform the Egyptian public of the Sharif's move, 1916; references to the views and actions of Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence [T E Lawrence] (e.g. folios 6-7); the British decision that the most suitable title for the Sharif would be 'Malik-el-Hejaz', translated as 'King of the Hedjaz [Hejaz]' (folio 36); and discussion of the reactions of Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].The French language content of the papers consists of approximately ten folios of diplomatic correspondence.There are no papers in the volume dated 1917 (for which, see IOR/L/PS/10/638).The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (223 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 5235 (Arab Revolt: the Sharif's Title) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/637-638. The volumes are divided into two parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 221; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume contains correspondence in the form of letters, memoranda and telegrams related to the supply of overprinted stamps of Mesopotamia/Iraq. The main issues discussed in the volume are the following:The question of whether to continue using the overprinted Turkish stamps after the declaration of peace or notThe currency to be adopted in Mesopotamia and the preparation of new designs for postage and revenue stampsThe required supply of overprinted Turkish stamps to the Civil Post Office in BaghdadBradbury, Wilkinson and Company, Limited to provide the monthly supply of the overprinted stampsHarrison and Sons Limited to provide the overprinted Ottoman Government envelopes and reply letter cards/postal stationeryThe increase of charges on printing stamps and currencyThe reopening of the Turkish civil post office at Mosul Vilayet [province]The question of which overprint to use on the available Turkish stampsThe arrangement of four sets of stamps of each variety to be sent to His Majesty King George V, the Imperial War Museum, and to the General Post OfficeThe request of certain stamp dealers to buy parcels of the overprinted stamps of Mesopotamia.The main correspondents in the volume are: John Evelyn Shuckburgh; the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; the Foreign Office; Bradbury, Wilkinson and Company, Limited; Harrison and Sons Limited; the Imperial War Museum; the General Post Office, London; and a number of stamp dealers such as, Edwin Healey and Company and Whitfield King and Company.This volume consists of four parts. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (344 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 1323 (Mesopotamia) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/670-671. The volumes are divided into 5 parts, with part one comprising one volume, and parts 2-5 comprising the second volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 342; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume concerns diplomatic tensions between Persian, Ottoman, British and Russian Governments, at the outset of the First World War (Anglo-German war in the file), including the attack made at Urmia on Russian troops by Kurdish forces.The papers cover:Attitude of Persian towards Anglo-German war and towards the Government of India.Russian policy towards Persia.Proposal to induce Persia to join the Allies.Persian neutrality in the hostilities between Turkey and Russia, and request for withdrawal of Russian troops.Turco-Persian frontier: Kurdish attacks on Russian troops at Urumia [Urmia, Iran]; Shuja-ed-Dowleh, the Agha of Maragha's [Maragheh, Iran] conquest of Tabriz, resisting the advance of Turks.Anti-British actions in Mesopotamia.Anglo-Turkish war: events following Ottoman Ruler Sultan Mehmed V’s declaration of war on Britain, France and Russia on 11 November 1914; Persian neutrality.Russian troops in Persia, and their withdrawal from Khorasan and Mazandera [Mazandaran Province, Iran] on the Turco-Persian frontier in December 1914.Persian Government's protest against the presence of a British gunboat on the Karun River.Anglo-Russian relations.There are some letters in French, from the Russian Vice Consul at Urmia, from the Russian Embassy in London and from the Consul General for Persia at Calcutta.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Louis du Pan Mallet, Foreign Office; Walter Beaupre Townley, British Minister at Tehran; Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; George William Buchanan, Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia.1 volume (164 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 164; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
The memorandum consists of printed papers on the subject of whether persons of Persian origin born in India are entitled to protection as British subjects. The question arose from the fact that Persia did not recognise British nationality in persons of Persian descent. In particular, it references the case of Agha Mehdee; a person of Persian descent who has enjoyed British subject status for a number of years. His status as a British subject is accepted by the Government of Persia, but they do not consider this to be a precedent to be conferred on others. The attitudes of France and Russia towards their subjects are considered in order to inform the British position on the matter. The papers included are outlined below.A letter (No. 1, folios 96-100) from William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, to Edward Henry Stanley, Earl of Derby, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated Tehran 15 February 1876, with the following enclosures:1. Translation of a memorandum from Minister for Foreign Affairs, dated 19 January 1876 respecting the position of Agha Mehdee;2. Memorandum No. 920 of 1868 respecting Nazir Mohammed Mehedee, signed W Whinvail, Acting Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, dated Bombay Castle 16 May 1868;3. Memorandum No. 2740 of 1870 respecting Nazir Aga Ahmed bin Aga Ali, signed Herbert Henry Jacomb, Under Secretary to the Government of Bombay, dated Bombay Castle 11 November 1870;4. Letter from Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, dated Bushire 27 January 1872;5. Government Resolution No. 1905 regarding the position of persons of Persian parentage born in British territory, dated Bombay Castle, 27 March 1872;6. Opinion of J W [James Sewell] White, Advocate-General, Bombay, regarding the position of persons of Persian parentage born in British territory. It is dated Bombay Castle 5 March 1872;7. Telegram from Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, dated Bushire 27 May 1872;8. Telegram from E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, to Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated Bombay 7 June 1872;9. Telegram from Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, dated Bushire 7 June 1872;10. Letter from Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, dated Bushire 26 June 1872;11. Government Resolution No. 5446 regarding the position of persons of Persian parentage born in British territory, dated Bombay Castle 14 December 1872;12. Opinion of C J Mayhew, Acting Advocate-General, Bombay (No. 34), regarding the position of persons of Persian parentage born in British territory, dated Bombay 2 September 1872;13. Letter from Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Secretary to the Government of India, to Colonel Ross, dated Fort William 5 September 1874;14. Letter from G C Paul, Assistant Advocate-General, Bengal, to Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Secretary to the Government of India, dated Fort William 21 August 1874;15. Telegram from the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Governor of Bushire, dated 22 Zuhejjeh 1292 (20 January 1876);16. Letter from William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, to B Schimanovsky, Russian Chargé d'Affaires, dated Tehran 25 January 1876 (enclosure in French);17. Letter from B Schimanovsky, Russian Chargé d'Affaires, to William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, dated 31 January 1876 (enclosure in French);18. Memorandum of a conversation between Mr Larcom and B Schimanovsky, Russian Chargé d'Affaires, respecting the laws regulating Nationality in Russia, dated Tehran 10 February 1876;19. Letter from William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, to R de Balloy, French Chargé d'Affaires, dated Tehran 10 February 1876 (enclosure in French);20. Letter from R de Balloy, French Chargé d'Affaires, to William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, dated Tehran 11 February 1876 (enclosure in French);21. Extract from "Les Codes Français" (enclosure in French);22. Extract from a law modified 7 February 1851 concerning persons born in France to foreign parents (enclosure in French).A memorandum (No. 2, folios 100-101) as to the protection to be granted to persons of Persian origin born in India, signed by A Walmisley, dated Foreign Office 20 April 1876. It considers a couple of cases; the case of 'Bagio', a Jew born to Ottoman parents; and 'Schlizzi', a man born in Ottoman territory, but who had resided for a time in England.1 file (6 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 96, and terminates at f 101, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file contains correspondence between British officials concerning their response to the Government of Iran's desire to establish a navy in the Persian Gulf. Topics discussed include what role the British Government should play in terms of supplying ships, personnel and training and the subsequent role of the Italian Government in this regard. Much of the later correspondence in the file relates to the specifics of Italy's involvement in supplying Iran's fledgling naval force.The file contains a limited amount of correspondence in French between Britain's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Tehran, Sir Robert Henry Clive and the Iranian Minister, Abdolhossein Teymourtash.In addition to correspondence, the file contains the following:'Report of Visit to Persian Gunboat "Babr" on 20th January 1935' (folios 22-23)'Precis of conversation with Lieutenant Bucconi of the Italian Navy attached to the Persian Navy', 1933 (folios 46-48)'Anglo-Persian Negotiations. Suggested sale to Persia by Great Britain of Patrol Vessels for anti-contraband work in Persian Gulf, and proposed British Naval Mission for Persia' (folios 237-248)'Persian Naval Proposals' - minutes of meetings held on the topic at the Foreign Office in 1929 (folios 292-302, 272-283).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (310 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 311; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume comprises four parts discussing affairs in Muscat which are indirectly related to the Muscat Arbitration discussed in parts 1 and 2:part 3 discusses a possible revision of the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and Muscat, originally signed in 1892;part 4 considers the status of Muscat citizens living overseas and whether they were entitled to British diplomatic assistance;part 5 discusses a dispensary opened in Mutra [Maṭraḥ] by the American Mission hospital, against the wishes of the Sultan of Muscat (Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd);part 6 relates to the proposal to construct a new hospital in Muscat and initial financial donations towards the scheme.The volume comprises parts 3, 4, 5, and 6. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume, 4 items (352 folios)The subject 733 (Muscat) consists of 3 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/25-27. The volumes are divided into 6 parts with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume each, and parts 3,4,5 and 6 comprising the third volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 350; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume contains part 1 of papers from and about the Tehran Sanitary Council (also referred to as the Conseil Sanitaire de l’Empire de Perse). It chiefly comprises copies of the proceedings (in French) of the 99 through to the 127 meetings of the Council, forwarded by the British Ambassador at Tehran (Sir George Head Barclay; Sir Walter Beaupre Townley) to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey), and then forwarded by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Under-Secretary of State for India.The proceedings detail reports of epidemics (including plague, cholera, malaria) occurring in Persia and its neighbours (including the Persian Gulf, Russia, India), and measures taken to implement quarantine and vaccination measures to prevent their spread. In the reports, recurring mention is made of epidemics in Kermanshah [Kermānshāh], Khorassan [Khorāsān], Bouchir [Bushire] and Astrakhan. Interspersed with the meeting proceedings are copies of British Government correspondence, chiefly in the form of detailed accounts of the meetings, written by Dr Anthony Richard Neligan, physician at the British Legation in Tehran, who attended meetings in his capacity as Doctor of the Legation (Médecins de Légations).The part includes a divider which gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (f 3).1 volume (204 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2410 (Tehran Sanitary Council) consists of 2 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/283-284. The volumes are divided into 2 parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 208; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
A memorandum, written by Adolphus Warburton Moore, Assistant Secretary of the Political and Secret Department of the India Office, 1 September 1879.The document is a continuation of 'Persian Gulf - Turkish jurisdiction along the Arabian coast (Part I)' (IOR/L/PS/18/B19/1) and broadly addresses the same issues, namely, what to do about Turkish claims to sovereignty along the southern coast of the Gulf that could potentially impinge on Britain's treaty commitments with local rulers and their security responsibilities at sea (the suppression of piracy), and whether to come to some kind of comprehensive arrangement with the Ottoman Government to settle the matter. To support this, the document gives a history of recent affairs in the region, making extensive use of correspondence and memoranda mostly written between 1874 and 1879. The principal correspondents are from the Government of India, the Foreign Office, the India Office, and various political and diplomatic offices in the Persian Gulf, Turkish Arabia, and Constantinople. The matters covered by the document concern events at Bahrein [Bahrain], Guttur [Qatar] - including Zobarah [Al Zubarah], Odeid [al-‘Udaid], and El Bidaa [Doha] - Lahsa [al-Hasa], and the Trucial states.The memorandum concludes by outlining the position of the Foreign Office, the Government of India, and the India Office (represented by the author) on the following four matters:1. The status of Odeid;2. The need to better define areas of responsibility and jurisdiction with the Porte, and whether to hold them responsible for order along the coast under their authority;3. A revision of Britain's treaties with Bahrain, the Trucial chiefs, and Muscat;4. The arrangement of Persian Gulf business between the Bushire Residency and the Baghdad Political Agency.The author quotes extensively from the correspondence and other sources, notes on which are to be found in the margin throughout.1 file (21 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 148 and terminates at folio 168, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The main foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The memorandum outlines the development of proposals for railways in Persia between 1872 and 1911. This includes discussion of the potential advantages/disadvantages (both commercial and political) for the British in the construction of railways in Southern Persia, and the potential threat posed by the expansion of Russian railways in Northern Persia towards British India, Afghanistan, and the Persian Gulf. Proposals for various schemes are included, from those limited to internal routes within Persia, to schemes designed to link the rail networks of India and Russia via a Trans-Persian link. Consideration is also given to British and Russian efforts to maintain their spheres of influence in Persia, and their joint desire to resist any encroachment by Germany.The memorandum is signed by John Edward Ferard, India Office.The appendix (folios 123-132) contains supporting extracts from various papers (aide-mémoires, correspondence, memoranda, minutes, and published writings). This includes the following:an extract from a minute by George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, dated 4 September 1899, respecting the importance of Seistan [Sīstān] to the maintenance of British influence in Southern Persia (ff 123-124);an extract from a minute by the Viceroy of India, dated 28 October 1901, respecting the potential threat of increasing Russian influence in Persia to Britain's strategic and commercial interests in the Persian Gulf (ff 124-125v);an extract from the Anglo-Persian Agreement (31 August 1907) respecting Persia (ff 125v-126);various communications between British, Persian, and Russian authorities on the topic of railway construction in Persia (ff 126-130);extracts from various published sources on the subject of railways in Persia (ff 130-132).An index to the memorandum can be found on folios 134-136. Some extracts in the main body of the memorandum, and some papers included in the appendix are in French.1 file (42 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 95, and terminates at f 136, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume contains papers relating to the right of navigation in the Shatt-el-Arab (also referred to as the Shatt-al-Arab).It includes correspondence relating to the following: the alignment of the Perso-Iraq frontier at the mouth of the Shatt-al-Arab; the right of Persian [Iranian] vessels to navigate the Shatt-al-Arab and to anchor in Iraq waters; the proposal that the Shatt-al-Arab should be treated as an international waterway, and that an international commission should be appointed to look after it; the proposed establishment of a Conservancy Board to control the navigation in the Shatt-al-Arab, and the proposal that the Conservancy Board should also be charged with the superintendence of lighting and buoying throughout the Persian Gulf.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Foreign Office; Sir Robert Henry Clive, HM Minister, Tehran; the Admiralty; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Colonial Office; the Air Council (Air Ministry); and the Government of India Foreign and Political Department.The volume includes correspondence in French between Sir R H Clive and Mirza Abdul Hussein Khan Taimourtache (also spelled Teymourtache in the file) [Abdolhossein Teymūrtāsh], Minister of Court, Persia, dated 19 April 1928 (folios 353-354) and 26 July 1930 (folio 31).The volume includes a map and three charts of the Shatt al-Arab [IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 131; IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 163; IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 262; and IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 263].The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (361 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 4480 (Persian Gulf) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/1098 and IOR/L/PS/10/1099. The volumes are divided into two parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 357; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The memorandum concerns Persia's northern frontier with Russian Turkestan along the Attrek [Atrek] River valley. It outlines Russian activities in the region (e.g. troop movements, fort construction, and meetings with local chieftains), along with British and Persian diplomatic responses to these activities; this includes British efforts to prevent Persia from ceding the region to Russian control. It covers British suspicions that the Russians are encroaching on Persia's northern border, and attempting to draw the local Turkoman tribes away from their relations with Persia.The memorandum is illustrated with a number of map sketches, which show a number of different interpretations of the Persian-Russian frontier:Captain George Campbell Napier's Map 1876. Denoting supposed Persian border line (f 116);Arrowsmith Map. 1834 (f 117r);Zimmerman's Map. 1841 (f 117v);Vambery's Map 1863 (f 117v);Russian Map 1863 (f 119r);Arrowsmith Map 1872 (f 119v);Walker's Turkestan. 1873 (f 120r);Russian Map 1873 (f 122r);Kiepert's Turkestan 1876 (f 135v).The memorandum includes a number of brief insertions in French; these insertions consist of recollections from diplomatic conversations, which have occurred in relation to Persia's northern frontier.1 file (25 folios)The file consists of a table of contents (folios 114-115), followed by a map (folio 116), which is in turn followed by the body of the memorandum itself (folios 117-137).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 113, and terminates at f 137, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This volume comprises two parts that contain correspondence that relates to the same topic, namely a concession that was granted to the shipping magnate, Lord Inchcape (James Lyle Mackay), by the Ottoman Empire for the formation of a company to facilitate the transportation of goods on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for the construction of the Baghdad Railway.The primary correspondents in the volume are Lord Inchcape; the Ottoman representative in negotiations, Ibrahim Hakki Pasha; the law firm Slaughter and May; the Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey; British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Sir Louis du Pan Mallet. A limited amount of this correspondence is in French.The volume comprises part 1 (folios 100-237) and 2 (folios 3-98). Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year.1 volume (237 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 4030 (Baghdad Railway) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/414-415. This volume is divided into 2 parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 239; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Continuation of correspondence and memoranda regarding the proposed construction of railways in Persia, and additional bids for mining concessions.The correspondents are the India Office Political Department, the Foreign Office, HM Minister at Teheran [Charles Murray Marling], Marquess Curzon, the Board of Trade, and the French and Russian Ambassadors to the United Kingdom. The file also contains letters received from representatives of the Société d'Études du Chemin de fer Transpersan [André Jean Bénac], Baring Brothers & Company Limited, and Charles Greenway, representing the Persian Railway Syndicate, Kerman Mining Concession, and Anglo-Persian Oil Company.The following topics are discussed:announcement of the Russian construction of a line from Baku to Julfa, and the intention to construct a line from Baku to Tehran;the proposal of the Russian section of the Société d'Études to apply for an option to construct a line from Asatar via Resht and Kasvin to Tehran;further proposals to construct lines from Askabad to Meshed, and Enzeli to Tehran;requests for Russian mining concessions in North Persia;the Trans-Persian Railway scheme, French requests to restart the scheme, and the proposed liquidation of the Société d'Études in 1919 and 1932;proposals received from the Greenway Group [Persian Railway Syndicate and Kerman Mining Concession] to apply for options to construct a rail line between Bundar Abbas and Kerman, and for mining concessions;revision of the 1907 Anglo-Russian agreement;oil drilling operations on the island of Kishm.In addition to correspondence, the file contains the following reports of interest:memorandum by Marquess Curzon regarding the likely results of war in the Middle East, and future rail and mining concessions in Persia, ff 176-83, with a printed copy at f 163;Political Department memo C167 on the Kerman Mining Concession, ff 122-23;Political Department memo C168 on 'Mining Concessions in the Islands and Coast of the Persian Gulf: the Nuin-ut-Thijjar's position', ff 124-26;a history of the Société d'Études, including details of its capitalisation and constitution, ff 17-28.1 volume (210 folios)The subject 4045 (Trans-Persian Railway) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/416-417. The volumes are divided into three parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising the first volume, and part 3 comprising the second volume.Papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume. Folio three is a collection header sheet, giving the subject heading and a list of correspondence references found within the file, listed by year.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 212; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file contains correspondence related to the negotiation of new or continuing civil air agreements between British Government representatives and the Sheikhs of Bahrain, Qatar and the Trucial States. The main correspondents in the file are the Political Agent in Bahrain (Major Arnold Crawshaw Galloway until July 1946, thereafter Hugh Rance), and the Political Resident of the Persian Gulf (Sir Geoffrey Prior until November 1945, Sir Rupert Hay thereafter).The file begins with correspondence related to negotiations for the continuance of the Civil Air Agreement already in place between the British Government/British Overseas Air Corporation (BOAC) and the Government of Bahrain (see 'File 13/1 I Aerodrome at Bahrain' IOR/R/15/2/505 for the original agreement). Notes from a meeting that took place at the India Office in London on 9 October 1945, outline the British Government's reasons for wishing to extend the Agreement by seven years (folio 9).Subsequent correspondence in the file relates to a number of new air routes proposed between Europe and India/Asia, which would entail increasing numbers of international aircraft passing over or refuelling on the Arab Gulf coast. These airlines included Transcontinental and Western Airlines (TWA), Air France, Morton Air Services Limited, and Dalmia Jain Airways. The Chicago Convention, an international code intended to coordinate and regulate international air travel, had been signed on 7 December 1944. Amongst its provisions was the need to accord equal rights to all aircraft flying over foreign territories. In response to the convention, the British Government had to seek the Arab coast sheikhs' agreement to conform to the Chicago code, in order to permit airlines such as TWA and Air France the right to fly over or land in the dominions. Copies of the letters sent by Galloway to the various sheikhs are included in the file (folios 41-48), along with the sheikhs' replies (folios 61-66, 70-71, 73-80). The file also includes a printed copy of an agreement between the British and French Governments relating to air transport between British and French territories, issued on 28 February 1946 (folios 129-140), and reports of TWA's plans to fly to Bombay via Saudi Arabia (folio 184).1 file (212 folios)The contents of the file have been arranged in approximate chronological order, running from the earliest items at the front of the file to the latest at the end.There is a set of office notes at the end of the file (folios 199-213) which mirrors the chronological arrangement. The office notes comprise a numbered list of items contained in the volume. Each item is written in red or blue/black ink, dependent on whether it refers to an incoming (red) or outgoing (blue/black) piece of correspondence. The list references items in the file, marked either with corresponding red or blue numbers.Foliation: The main foliation system starts on the front cover of the file, and runs to the inside back cover. It uses circled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. There is a second foliation system which uses uncircled numbers, also in the top-right corner of each folio. This foliation system runs through most of the volume, merging occasionally with the main foliation system. Some items in the file are marked with circled red or blue crayon numbers, which constitute part of the original filing arrangement. Blue numbers are used for outgoing correspondence, red numbers for incoming correspondence.Folio 66 is a fold-out.
This file contains correspondence about negotiations between British and Iranian Government officials regarding the transfer of responsibility for the maintenance of lighting and buoying facilities in Iranian territory (and territorial waters) in the Persian Gulf to the Government of Iran. The correspondence is between officials of the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India, the India Office, the Admiralty, the Foreign Office, the Board of Trade, the British Embassy in Baghdad and the British Legation in Tehran.In addition to this correspondence, the file also contains the following:'Draft protocole covering handing over of Lights and Buoys in Persian Gulf, communicated by Mr. Motamedy in his letter of 24th August, 1935, to Mr. Loxley' in French (folios 452-460)'Draft Record of a meeting at the India Office on 7th October [1935] on the subject of lighting and buoying in the Persian Gulf' (folios 394-401)'Record of a meeting at the India Office on 7th October [1935] on the subject of lighting and buoying in the Persian Gulf' (folios 375-382)'Explanatory note on the re-drafting of the Protocol for the transfer to the Persian Government of the lights, buoys and beacons now maintained by the Government of India in Persian territory and waters. (January, 1936)' (folios 323-325)'Record of Mr. Loxley's conversation with Monsieur Motamedy on June 20th, 1936' (folios 249-257)Map of the Persian Gulf (folio 275).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (513 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 515; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Correspondence relating to negotiations over revisions in the tariff questions relating to the proposed tariff treaty with Muscat. Includes correspondence relating to negotiations with France, United States, Irish Free State and Canada, as well as, letters in Arabic with translations in English from Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal], Sultan of Muscat, giving full powers in representing him in the negotiations.Correspondents include Taimur bin Faisal, Sultan of Muscat; Trenchard Craven Fowle, Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Major Ralph Ponsonby Watts, Political Agent Muscat; Major Claude Edward U Bremner, Political Agent Muscat; John Charles Walton, India Office, Whitehall. A. Wiseman, Dominions Office, London; Maurice J Clauson, India Office, London; Henry Lewis Stimson, Secretary of State of the United States, Washington.1 file (234 folios)Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation/pagination sequence briefly runs between ff 207-211A; these numbers are written in blue crayon, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence. Circled index numbers written in red crayon can also be found throughout the volume. Foliation errors: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E; 9 and 9A; 10 and 10A; 15 and 15A; 23 and 23A; 41 and 41A; 68 and 68A; 177 and 177A, 211 and 211A Foliation omissions: 25
The file contains papers mostly relating to the following: the objections of HM Government to Article 6 of the draft Iraq Salaries and Allowances Tax Law of 1930; and the liability of British aircraft and shipping companies operating in Iraq to income tax under Article 29 of the Iraq Income Tax Third Amendment Law of 1933 (these papers mainly concern shipping companies).The file also includes papers relating to matters including: the right of the Euphrates Tigris Steam Navigation Company to navigate the rivers Tigris and Euphrates; alleged excessive freight rates on Iraqi exports; and the status of the Mesopotamia Persia Corporation Limited.The papers largely consist of India Office minute papers, and correspondence and copy correspondence between the following: the India Office and the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office and the Colonial Office; the High Commissioner for Iraq and the Secretary of State for the Colonies; and HM Ambassador to Iraq (HM Representative at Baghdad) (with enclosures) and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.The file includes three documents in French: copies of Vizierial letters of 2 April 1846 and 20 June 1862, and a copy of a firman issued on 29 December 1834.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (182 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 182; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-182; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The volume contains part 2 of papers from and about the Tehran Sanitary Council (also referred to as the Conseil Sanitaire de l’Empire de Perse), and is a direct chronological continuation of File 2612/1912 Pt 1 ‘Tehran Sanitary Council’ (IOR/L/PS/10/283). It chiefly comprises copies of the proceedings (in French) of the 128 through to the 170 meetings of the Council, with some omissions where meetings were of a purely administrative nature. The proceedings were forwarded by the British Ambassador at Tehran (Sir Walter Beaupre Townley; Sir Charles Murray Marling) to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey), and then forwarded by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Under-Secretary of State for India.The proceedings detail reports of epidemics such as plague, cholera and malaria, occurring in Persia, with recurring reports from Bouchir [Bushire], Enzeli [Bandar-e Anzalī], Astara [Shahrestān-e Āstārā]. The proceedings also document the measures taken to implement restrictions of movement, quarantine and vaccination programmes. Also in the file are reports on the proceedings made by Dr Anthony Richard Neligan, physician at the British Legation in Tehran, and the British representative at the meetings of the Tehran Sanitary Council.The part includes a divider which gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (f 3).1 volume (311 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2410 (Tehran Sanitary Council) consists of 2 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/283-284. The volumes are divided into 2 parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 313; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding permission for private flights to pass over and land in the various states of the Persian Gulf. Much of this correspondence relates to a proposed trip to the region by the Egyptian aviator, Hassan Anis Pasha. The French language material in the file is a letter from the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on folio 17.1 file (46 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 48; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The file concerns Diplomatic and Consular expenditure towards the cost of a British Chaplain at Tehran, and the maintenance of Christian cemeteries.The file contains:proposal that Indian Revenues should contribute towards the maintenance of a British Chaplain in Tehran, 1923; includes Report of the Inter-departmental Committee on British cemeteries abroadlists of members of the Indo-European Telegraph Department and their families buried in Persiafinancial contributions to the Christian Cemetery Fund, Yezdmaintenance of the British cemeteries of Henjam and Basidu [Bāsa‘īdū] after the end of British occupation, in 1935construction of a wall around the new Cemetery site at Kuwait, in 1936list of inscriptions on memorials and gravestones in the cemeteries at Basidu and Henjam, 1936removal of tombstones to the British Cemetery at Shiraz from the old Armenian Cemeteryreplacement of damaged War Grave tablets in the British Cemetery at Shiraz.The file is composed of correspondence between the India Office, the Office of Works, the Foreign Office, the British Legation at Tehran, the Imperial Bank of Persia, the High Commissioner for India, the British Consulate at Kerman, the British Consulate at Shiraz, the Iranian Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Admiralty, the Imperial War Graves Commission, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.There is a document in French, an extract from
Le Messager de Tehran.1 file (349 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 350; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains a selection of correspondence and enclosures compiled by the India Office Political and Secret Department relating to arms traffic in the Persian Gulf from 1897-98.Correspondents include: the Political Agent and Consul at Maskat [Muscat], the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Foreign Office, the Viceroy of India, the Board of Customs, the Consul-General for Fars, the Chargé d'Affaires in Tehran, the India Office, the Government of India, the Secretary of State for India, and various British merchant companies.The following topics are discussed:the seizure of arms on board SS
Baluchistan;an assessment of the current situation regarding arms traffic and steps recently taken for its suppression;British and Persian firms engaged in the arms trade;the confiscation of arms at Bushire;Persian prohibition, and British interests in coming to agreement with the Persian Government and assisting in enforcing Persian regulations;methods of trade;policy for the future;the registration of arms and ammunition;the case of Fracis Times & Co. v. The Sea Insurance Company (Limited)It contains three letters in French.1 file (26 folios)This file consists of a single document with re-printed correspondence arranged chronologically.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 28, and terminates at f 53, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume is a fifth edition of a collection of historic treaties, engagements and sanads (charters) signed between representatives of the British Government or East India Company, and foreign rulers, dignitories or government officials, in the regions of Aden, south west Arabia, the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf, including Muscat and Oman, Baluchistan, and the north-west frontier province (present-day Pakistan). This volume, originally compiled by Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, was revised in 1930 and published in 1933 by the Manager of Publications in Dehli, under the authority of the Government of India.Part 1 contains treaties and engagements relating to Aden and the southwest coast of Arabia:An historical overview of British (and Turkish) involvement in the region, including descriptions of the treaties and engagements signed;The Anglo-Turkish Convention (in French) respecting the boundaries of Aden, dated 9 March 1914;Treaties and conventions, agreed between the years 1802-1917, at Aden and with the Abdali tribe, the Subeihi, Fadhli, Aqrabi, Aulaqi, Irqa, Lower Haura, Beihan, Yafai, Audhali, Haushabi, Alawi, the Amirate of Dhala, the Wahidi, Kathiri, the Sultanate of Mukalla, Soqotra [Suquṭrā] and Qishn, Yemen, and the Idrisi. The treaties cover agreements of commerce, friendship and protection; agreements for the cession or purchase of land, for the abolition of the slave trade, storage of coal, protection of shipwrecked British sailors.Part 2 contains treaties and engagements relating to the Arab principalities of the Persian Gulf, divided into the following areas: 1) The Wahhābī and Nejd [Najd]; 2) Bahrain; 3) The Trucial Arab shaikhs (of Oman); and 4) Kuwait:An historic overview of the agreements made between the British and the region’s rulers, organised by tribes and/or geographical locality;Agreements and treaties signed with the Wahhābī tribe, including: an agreement between the Wahhābī and British Government over aggression towards the Arab tribes, dated 21 April 1866; a series of conventions and treaties agreed in the 1920s, establishing boundaries and relations between the Kingdom of Najd and its neighbours; the Treaty of Jeddah, dated 20 May 1927;Agreements and treaties signed with the ruler of Bahrain, relating to: piracy and slavery (1820), abstention from entering into relations with foreign powers (1880, 1892), arms trafficking, wireless telegraphy (1912), and oil exploitation (1914);Agreements and treaties signed with the shaikhs of the Arab coast, relating to respect for British property (1806), piracy (1820), the slave trade (1838, 1873), the maintenance of maritime peace in perpetuity (1853), the Anglo-Qatar treaty (1916); oil exploitation (1922);Agreement and treaties signed with the ruler of Kuwait, relating to: arms trafficking, exclusive post office rights (1904), pearling and sponge fishing concessions (1911), wireless telegraphy (1912), oil exploitation (1913), boundaries between Kuwait and Najd (1922) and Kuwait and Iraq (1923).Part 3 contains treaties and engagements relating to Oman, chiefly Muscat but also Sohar:An historical overview of the Sultanate of Muscat, and the agreements made between Britain and Muscat;Treaties and conventions, agreed between the years 1798 and 1929, including: the exclusion of the French from the Sultan of Muscat’s territories (1798); suppression of the slave trade (1822, 1873); commerce (1839); cession of the Kuria Muria islands [Jazā'ir Khurīyā Murīyā] (1854); the independence of Zanzibar (1861, 1862); telegraphic communications (1864, 1865); jurisdiction of Indian subjects at Muscat (1873); friendship and commerce (1891); coalfields at Ṣūr (1902); arms traffic (1919); prolongation of the commercial treaty (1891); treaty of peace between the Sultan of Muscat and Chief of Sohar (1839).Part 4 contains treaties and engagements relating to Baluchistan:An historic overview of the region and its districts, including British involvement in Baluchistan, organised by the Kalat [Kelat] Agency, Sibi Agency, and British Baluchistan and its territories;The treaties and conventions listed for Kelat, agreed between the years 1839 and 1925, include: an engagement between the British Government and the Khan of Kelat (1839), the Khan of Kelat’s allegiance and submission to the British Government (1841); various agreements for the protection of the Indo-European telegraph line; cession of lands for the Kandahar Railway (1880), Mushkaf-Bolan Railway (1894) and Nushki Railway (1906); demarcation of the boundary between Persian Baluchistan and Kelat (1896);The treaties and conventions listed for Sibi and British Baluchistan, agreed between the years 1884 and 1897, including: cession to the British Government of rights to petroleum and other mineral oils (1885); agreement on the Bargha and Largha boundary line (1895), grazing fees for animals and responsibility for good behaviour within the British border at Zhob, signed by the Suliman Khel Ghilzai (1897).Part 5 contains treaties and engagements relating to the northwest frontier province:An historic overview of British involvement and administration of the province;The treaties and conventions agreed in the province, arranged as follows : 1) Hazara District; 2) Dir, Swat and Chitral Agency; 3) Peshawar District; 4) Khyber Agency; 5) Kohat District; 6) Kurram Agency; 7) Bannu District; 8) North Waziristan Agency; South Waziristan Agency. The agreements relate to: relations with the British; maintenance of peace; acceptance of terms; protection of borders and communications; commerce; exclusion or expulsion from certain districts of undesirables, including ‘Hindustani fanatics’.The appendices contain a number of treaties signed between foreign rulers, including treaties agreed between Muscat and the United States, French and Dutch Governments, as well as British Parliament acts and memoranda related to the treaties and engagements in the volume.409 foliosThe volume is arranged into five key geographical regions: Aden and the southwest coast of Arabia, the Persian Gulf, Oman (Muscat) and Sohar, Baluchistan, and the northwest frontier province. The main body of the volume, containing the narrative treaties, is arranged into parts covering these five regions. The appendices at the end of the volume is likewise arranged by the five regions.Each part (or region) is further subdivided into a number of smaller units, and in some cases further subdivided into smaller units. These subdivisions can be tribal, geographical and administrative in nature. Within each part, the narrative treaties are numbered with Roman numerals, restarting at I at the beginning of each part.There is a contents page at the front of the volume (ff.2-17) which lists the geographical regions, their subdivisions and treaties. The contents pages refers to the volume’s pagination system. There is a subject index, arranged alphabetically, at the end of the volume (ff.363-405) which also refers to the volume’s pagination system.Foliation: The volume’s foliation sequence uses circled pencil numbers, located in the top-right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio with text, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 405. Total number of folios: 405. Total number of folios including covers and flysheets: 409.Pagination: The volume has a series of printed pagination sequences, expressed in Roman numerals for the contents, appendices and index pages, and in Arabic numerals for the volume’s main content matter. These numbers are located in the top-left corner of versos and the top-right corner of rectos.
The volume comprises copies of printed correspondence, typewritten correspondence, handwritten notes and other papers. These papers relate to the operation of British and Turkish post offices in Turkish Arabia (Iraq), and British and Persian post offices in Persia and the ports and towns of the wider Persian Gulf. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox); Foreign Office officials (Secretary, Sir Edward Grey; Assistant Under-Secretary, Sir Louis du Pan Mallet); India Office officials (including Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India, Thomas William Holderness).The volume covers the following subjects:communications between British and Turkish Government officials over a Turkish Government proposal to abolish foreign (including British) post offices in Ottoman territory, including: British acceptance of the proposal, with caveats, Turkish demands for the closure of foreign post offices on 1 October 1914 (f 5, f 8), arrangements for the closure of British post offices, including those at Basra and Baghdad, discussion between British Government and Government of India officials over proposed future arrangements for the transmission of mail from between India and Turkish Arabia;British Government correspondence relating to the Turkish Government’s plans to introduce its own mail system between Baghdad/Basra and India;the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf’s outline of the history of the British postal system in the Persian Gulf, and his proposals for improvements, which include the opening of new branches at Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], Charbar [Chābahār] and Ahwaz [Ahvāz], a change of hours to the post office at Bushire, and changes to the service at Fao [Al-Fāw]) as a means of countering the Persian Government expansion of postal operations in the Persian Gulf (ff 187-190, ff 178-179), and the Persian Government’s subsequent protestations at the opening of British post office concessions at Henjam and Charbar;attempts by the Persian Government, under the direction of its Belgian Director-General of Post (Camille Molitor), to open post offices within the concessionary areas operated by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) at Abadan, and within Britain’s own post office concession at Henjam.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (227 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 897 (Persian Gulf: British Post Offices) consists of 4 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/242-245. The volumes are divided into 4 parts with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 229; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains letters relating to the sale and shipment of arms and ammunition to Muscat in Oman. The majority of the correspondence is between the British firm of C H Laubenburg and British Political Agent in Muscat. The letters discuss changes to particular shipments of arms and ammunition as well as disputes and claims on payments due to the arms supplier. Other firms included in the correspondence are that of a W Darlow of Bedford, and Kynoch Limited.French correspondence in the file is issued from the French Consul in Muscat, Antoine Goguyer or Algerian Merchant Abraham Elbaz.1 file (318 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 320; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This volume compiles printed copies of letters, telegrams, memoranda and newspaper extracts relating to Britain's involvement across the Arabian Peninsula during the period 1929-1938. Whilst the correspondence encompasses all matters concerning British interests in the region, much of it relates to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia). Matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:Reports of unrest in the Hejaz.Relations between Imam Yeha Hamid-Ud-Din [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn, Imam of Yemen] and Ibn Saud.Reports of raids and arms trafficking on the Transjordan-Nejd frontier.Reports of the proceedings of British naval ships in the Red Sea.Details of the Akhwan [Ikhwan] revolt against Ibn Saud, including the movements of one of the revolt's leaders, Faisal Dawish [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh], and his surrender to the British in Kuwait.Relations between Kuwait and Nejd.Relations between Iraq and Nejd, including a proposed meeting between Ibn Saud and King Faisal [Fayṣal] of Iraq, and reports of a treaty of alliance between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.Objections from the Hejaz Government to Royal Air Force aircraft flying over Nejd territory.The purchase of arms by the Hejaz Government from Poland.Ibn Saud's annexation of Asir.The death of King Hussein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī].Harry St John Bridger Philby's conversion to Islam, his mapping of Rub-al-Khali, and his reported spreading of Saudi propaganda in the Aden Protectorate.The currency exchange crisis in the Hejaz-Nejd and the financial situation in the kingdom generally.Reports on a survey of the water and mineral content of the Hejaz coastal area.Relations between Soviet Russia and Saudi Arabia.The emigration of Jews from Yemen to Palestine, via Aden.British fears that Italy might harbour ambitions to annex Yemen.Saudi oil concessions.Italian-Saudi relations.Prominent correspondents include the following: the British Agent (later His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires) at Jeddah; His Majesty's Minister at Jeddah; the High Commissioner for Egypt; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the High Commissioner for Transjordan; the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Political Resident (later Chief Commissioner, and later still, Governor), Aden; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; His Majesty's Ambassador to Iraq; His Majesty's Ambassador to Italy; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; the Minister (and Acting Minister) for Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia); Ibn Saud; King Feisal of Iraq; the Prime Minister of Iraq; various officials of the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the Air Ministry, and the Admiralty.The French material in the volume consists of several items of correspondence and a copy of a treaty between France and Yemen, which was signed in April 1936.The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (527 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The items of correspondence are divided (roughly) into various sections. Each extract or item of correspondence within these sections has its own number, which is enclosed in brackets. These numbers proceed in ascending (and approximate chronological) order from left to right; however, the sections themselves proceed in reverse, from the rear to the front of the volume, in distinct groups (e.g. for 1929 numbers 1-23, which are located at folios 517-526, are followed by numbers 24-49 at folios 509-516, which are then followed by numbers 50-89 at folios 494-508, and so on).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 529; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: each section of correspondence within the volume (as described in the arrangement field) has its own pagination sequence.
This volume contains correspondence between British officials concerning agreements between the British and Persian governments related to the suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf. Much of the correspondence is between officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office and the British Legation in Tehran.Specifically, the correspondence relates to discussions concerning the drafting of an article relating to slavery in a proposed Anglo-Persian Treaty and the revision of the Anglo-Persian Slavery Convention of 1882. Specific incidents regarding slavery in the region are also discussed intermittently throughout the volume.In addition to this correspondence, the volume contains several extracts and drafts of agreements (most of which are in French) and the following documents:Foreign Policy memorandum entitled 'Anglo-Persian Slavery Convention of 1882' (folios 134-139)'Law forbidding the Purchase and Sale of Slaves on Persian Territory and according them Freedom on their Arrival in Persia (Passed by the Majlis on 18th Bahman, 1307 (February 7, 1929).)' (folio 151)India Office memorandum entitled 'Slavery in the Persian Gulf' (folios 270-271)'Treaty between Her Majesty and His Majesty the King of Italy for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade. Signed at London, September 14, 1889 - Ratifications exchanged at London, October 24, 1889' (folios 328-330)'Convention between Her Majesty and His Majesty the Shah of Persia for the Suppression of the Traffic in Slaves. Signed in the English and Persian Languages at Tehran, March 2, 1882. (Ratifications exchanged at Tehran, June 14, 1882.)' (folios 331-333).The volume includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (338 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 340; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file concerns a request by the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to provide copies of a judicial document issued by the Egyptian Ministry of Justice regarding the service on the Bahrain Branch of the Eastern Bank Limited.The file is composed of correspondence between the British Embassy in Cairo; the Foreign Office; and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.There are some documents in French, from the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.1 file (20 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 22; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains correspondence about negotiations between British and Iranian Government officials regarding the transfer of responsibility for the maintenance of lighting and buoying facilities in Iranian territory (and territorial waters) in the Persian Gulf to the Government of Iran. The correspondence is between officials of the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India, the India Office, the Admiralty, the Foreign Office, the Board of Trade, the British Embassy in Baghdad and the British Legation in Tehran.Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen, Britain's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, was a prominent figure in these negotiations and the file contains a limited amount of correspondence sent to the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs by him, some of which is in French.In addition to this correspondence, the file also contains the following:'Estimated Value of Lighthouses, Lightships, Buoys and Beacons in Iranian territory on the 1st January 1935, maintained by the Persian Gulf Lighting Service' (folio 79)'Record of discussion on 16th April, 1935, between British and Iranian Representatives on subject of taking over lights and buoys in the Persian Gulf by Iranian Government' (folios 87-92)'Record of conversation between Colonel J. C. Ward and Colonel Bayender on the 17th April, 1935' (folios 96-97)'Lighting and Buoying in the Persian Gulf' summary of a meeting held on the topic with representatives of the Foreign Office, India Office, Admiralty and the Board of Trade, 6 December 1934' (folios 258-272)'Record of an Interdepartmental Meeting held at the Foreign Office on the 11th August to discuss the Lighting and Buoying of the Shatt el-Arab and the Persian Gulf' September 1933 (folios 415-421)'Draft Record of an Interdepartmental Meeting held at the Foreign Office on Friday, June 16th. to discuss Lighting and Buoying in the Persian Gulf' (folios 561-567)'Lighting and Buoying of the Persian Gulf, 1908-1928' India Office Memorandum, August 1928 (folios 582-584).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (593 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 595; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Aprevious foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded andtherefore crossed out.
Correspondence and papers concerning foreign trade in Baghdad and Basra in Mesopotamia [Iraq] after Britain’s military invasion during the First World War. The papers cover: various enquiries from businesses in England and elsewhere (the Netherlands, the United States of America) about trade with businesses in Baghdad and Basra; list of companies and individuals in Baghdad and Basra with whom trade was prohibited (i.e. blacklisted). The file’s principal correspondents are: the Foreign Office; the India Office; The Commercial Department of the Board of Trade; the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India.The file contains a single item of correspondence written in French (f 220).The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (316 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 3104 (German War: conquered territory, Mesopotamia: trade) consists of 9 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/564-572. The volumes are divided into ten parts, with parts 1 to 8 comprising one volume each, and parts 9 and 10 comprising the last volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 314; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
The volume contains parts 3, 4, and 5 of the subject ‘Asiatic Turkey: Oil Concessions’.Part 3 (IOR/L/PS/10/302/1) concerns ongoing negotiations over the Turkish Petroleum Company’s oil concessions for the Mesopotamian vilayets of Mosul and Baghdad.Part 4 (IOR/L/PS/10/302/2) concerns competing claims, and in particular those from the oil explorer Roland H Silley, over oil licenses in Mesopotamia and Nejd.Part 5 (IOR/L/PS/10/302/3) concerns the status of oil concessions in Mesopotamia and the broader Ottoman region, during the First World War, and the likely outcomes of any settlement in the post-war period.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (302 folios)The subject 3877 (Asiatic Turkey: Oil Concessions) consists of 3 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/300-302. The volumes are divided into 5 parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume each, and parts 3, 4 and 5 comprising the third volume.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.The foliation sequence commences at 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 304; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front cover and one leading flyleaf have not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume contains correspondence relating to the traffic of private aircraft through the Persian Gulf region. The correspondents include:Political Agent at Bahrain;Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire;British Consulate at Mohammerah [Khorramshahr];Government of India, Political and Foreign Departments;British Embassy at Baghdad;Air Officer Commanding, Hinaidi, Iraq;Foreign Office;Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf;Sir Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain;Political Agent, Muscat.Also included as enclosures are letters from Shaikh Hamad bin Isa al Khalifah [Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah], the British Embassy at Alexandria, the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Cairo, and the French Embassy in London.The papers cover the British effort to get a general ban on private aircraft flying over or landing in Bahrain and Muscat. Also included are the papers relating to permission for specific flights, including those of the following people:Maurice Wilson (British), travelling to India and then Mount Everest;R N Chawla (Indian), travelling around the world;Lord Sempill (British), travelling to Baghdad;Hassan Anis Pasha (Egyptian), travelling around the Arabian Peninsula;Amelia Earhart (American), travelling from Karachi to Aden;M and Mme Genin (French), travelling to Saigon;André Gueit and Jean Laurent (French), travelling to Saigon.Folios 134-41 are internal office notes.1 volume (142 folios)The volume is arranged in chronological order.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 144; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-133 and between ff 134-141; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
This file primarily concerns the sovereignty status of the Hanish Islands, as well as that of other islands in the Lower Red Sea. It documents concerns held by the British Government that the Italian Government is in the process of attempting to establish some kind of informal control over certain islands.Matters discussed in the correspondence include:The content and wording of a proposed Red Sea Lights Convention, the result of negotiations between the British and French governments, which ostensibly relates to the construction and maintenance of lighthouses – both on islands in the Lower Red Sea and in the territory of Mocha – but also concerns questions of sovereignty.Whether the Italian Government's plan to construct a lighthouse on South-West Haycock Island constitutes a claim of sovereignty over the island.The establishment of Italian military posts on the Hanish and Jebel Zukur [Jazīrat Jabal Zuqar] islands.Concerns expressed by the Admiralty and Foreign Office that by establishing these posts the Italian Government could be attempting to enforce rights of sovereignty over the islands.The extent to which either the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) or the Rome Conversations of 1927 (between Britain and Italy) provide any basis to contesting an Italian claim to sovereignty over the islands.Reports of attempts by the Italian military posts to restrict fishing and pearling in neighbouring waters to dhows possessing a permit from Assab.The file features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Ambassador in Rome (Sir Ronald Graham, succeeded by James Eric Drummond); the Command-in-Chief, Mediterranean; the Senior Officer of the Red Sea Sloops; the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; officials of the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, the India Office, the Admiralty, the Air Council, and the Board of Trade's Mercantile Marine Department.As well as correspondence the file includes the following: extracts from reports of the proceedings of HMS
Dahlia(1929 and 1931), HMS
Penzance(1933), and HMS
Calcutta(1934); copies of the minutes of an interdepartmental conference, held at the Foreign Office on 6 July 1931 to consider questions relating to the Red Sea islands; draft English and French texts of modifications to the aforementioned Red Sea Lights Convention, prepared by Sir Cecil Hurst, legal adviser to the Foreign Office; two sketch maps depicting the Lower Red Sea islands and surrounding area.In addition to the aforementioned French text, the file contains some material in Italian, namely a copy of a fishing permit issued at Assab (an English translation is included).The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).1 file (208 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 209; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
In continuation of 'Persia No 5 (1912): Cd 6264'.Consists of correspondence and memoranda, primarily between HM Minister at Tehran, HM Ambassador at St Petersburg, the Admiralty, the India Office Political Department, and the Government of Persia.1 item (171 folios)A table of contents can be found at folios 335v-350v
The file contains a letter from Cecil Spring Rice, British Chargé d’Affaires, Tehran, to George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, dated 20 October 1900, forwarding a letter in French addressed to Curzon from Fabius Boital, dated 16 October 1900, regarding a concession for railways in Persia, and a manuscript volume written by Boital addressed to Curzon entitled ‘Chemins de fer de la Perse’ (Railways of Persia).The file also contains two letters from Commander H A Phillips of HMS
Sphinx, to Colonel Malcolm John Meade, dated 18 and 22 June 1901, concerning matters including a request from Shaikh Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ, Ruler of Kuwait, to Charles Arnold Kemball, Acting Chief Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, for British protection. The letter dated 18 June 1901 includes six enclosed photographs of Basidu [Bāsa‘īdū] in Iran [Mss Eur F111/354, f 3; Mss Eur F111/354, f 4; Mss Eur F111/354, f 6; Mss Eur F111/354, f 7; Mss Eur F111/354, f 8; Mss Eur F111/354, f 9] with the comment by Phillips ‘I enclose a few photos of Basidu perhaps if you get a chance of shewing [sic] them to the Viceroy. I believe Hunt sent in a report of the place the other day and these photos might be useful.’In addition, the file includes a card with the reference number ‘EUR.F.111/352.’ and ‘Miss M.R. Jack.’ written on it, with the date 8 June 1964.1 file (52 folios)The two letters from Phillips to Meade, the six photographs, and the card dated 1964 are enclosed in an envelope labelled ‘Photos of P Gulf (Basidu) Com. Phillips. HMS Sphinx May 1901’; this envelope, along with the letters from Spring Rice to Curzon and from Boital to Curzon, have been placed inside the manuscript volume, after the front cover.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 54; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.