The volume contains correspondence regarding the movements and activities of Pan-Islamic activists in India, Afghanistan and North Africa during the first year of the First World War. The correspondence is particularly concerned with possible German and Ottoman support for the activists in carrying out destabilising activities against British and other Allied regimes. The primary correspondents are: Foreign Office; Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Government of India; Admiralty; British Consul, Addis Ababa; British Embassy, Cairo; British Embassy, Constantinople; British Embassy, Rome; British Consulate, Smyrna; British Legation, Tehran. Much of the correspondence covers suspected anti-British agitators believed to be in or travelling to India. Other topics covered include:A reported purchase of rifles by a German company with the intention of arming Pan-Islamists in India (ff 165-175)A suggestion that Muslim rulers of Indian states should be persuaded to make pro-British statements (ff 137-140)Intelligence received from a German source that an unnamed Indian ruler has ordered a large amount of arms from Germany (ff 108-115)Reports that the German diplomat and archaeologist Max von Oppenheim is intending to stir up anti-British feeling in Iraq, Persia [Iran] and Afghanistan (ff 4-6 and 15-20).The volume contains a single folio in French (f 41), a communication from the Russian Consul in Turbat-i-Haidari [Torbat-e Heydarieh], Persia. The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (175 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 3443 (German War/Persia) consists of six volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/472-477. The volumes are divided into six parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 177; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Papers relating to Britain’s position in Egypt at the beginning of the First World War. The papers cover: behind-the-scenes diplomatic negotiations between British Government officials and Arab and Muslim representatives; reports of anti-British or Egyptian-nationalist propaganda, much of which emanated from neutral Switzerland; and actions against British or Egyptian interests, undertaken by individuals associated with the German or Turkish Governments (Government officials, military officers, secret agents). Subjects covered include:The capture and interrogation of Robert Casimir Otto Mors, a German citizen who was a Lieutenant in the Alexandria City Police, and who had been recruited as a German secret agent with plans to coordinate a bombing campaign against British interests in Egypt. Papers include transcripts of interrogations and interviews with Mors (ff 315-323, ff 326-336).The activities and publications of the Club des Patriotes Egyptiens and its leader Dr M M Rifaat [Mansour Rifa’at], in Geneva, Switzerland. Papers include a pamphlet (in French) entitled
L’Angleterre en decadence,published by the Club des Patriotes Egyptiens in July 1914, written by Professor L F Hoffmann, with a foreword by Rifaat (ff 250-280).A report entitled
Turkish Military Preparations and Political Intrigues having an attack on Egypt as their object, written by Philip Perceval Graves, former
Timescorrespondent in Constantinople (ff 189-206).Correspondence and reports relating to the situation in the western desert (Libyan desert), including a report entitled
Notes on the Senussi Question, written by Wilfred Jennings Bramly, and letters exchanged between the British Government and Senussi leader El Sayed Ahmed El Sherif El Senussi [Ahmed Sharif As-Senussi] (ff 145-177).Correspondence exchanged between British Government officials and Aga Khan [Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III]. Papers include a note
On the Situation in Egypt, co-authored by Aga Khan and M Abbas Ali Baig (ff 96-126).Correspondence regarding Egyptians living in Switzerland, who are regarded by the British Government as being ‘agitators’ (ff 37-46).Correspondence concerning an alleged plot to assassinate the Sultan of Egypt (ff 20-27).Principal correspondents include: the Counsellor of the British Embassy at Cairo (Milne Cheetham); the British Envoy to the Swiss Confederation (Evelyn Grant-Duff); the Foreign Office (Louis du Pan Mallet); Aga Khan III (Sultan Mohammad Shah).1 volume (368 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 3136 (German War) consists of 6 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/462-467. The volumes are divided into 6 parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 370; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume concerns diplomatic tensions between Persian, Ottoman, British and Russian Governments, at the outset of the First World War (Anglo-German war in the file), including the attack made at Urmia on Russian troops by Kurdish forces.The papers cover:Attitude of Persian towards Anglo-German war and towards the Government of India.Russian policy towards Persia.Proposal to induce Persia to join the Allies.Persian neutrality in the hostilities between Turkey and Russia, and request for withdrawal of Russian troops.Turco-Persian frontier: Kurdish attacks on Russian troops at Urumia [Urmia, Iran]; Shuja-ed-Dowleh, the Agha of Maragha's [Maragheh, Iran] conquest of Tabriz, resisting the advance of Turks.Anti-British actions in Mesopotamia.Anglo-Turkish war: events following Ottoman Ruler Sultan Mehmed V’s declaration of war on Britain, France and Russia on 11 November 1914; Persian neutrality.Russian troops in Persia, and their withdrawal from Khorasan and Mazandera [Mazandaran Province, Iran] on the Turco-Persian frontier in December 1914.Persian Government's protest against the presence of a British gunboat on the Karun River.Anglo-Russian relations.There are some letters in French, from the Russian Vice Consul at Urmia, from the Russian Embassy in London and from the Consul General for Persia at Calcutta.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Louis du Pan Mallet, Foreign Office; Walter Beaupre Townley, British Minister at Tehran; Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; George William Buchanan, Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia.1 volume (164 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 164; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
The volume concerns diplomatic tensions between Persian, Ottoman, Russian and British Governments, at the outset of the First World War (Anglo-German war in the file). The main focus is the Russian occupation of Tabriz and Persian Azerbaijan, ending with Persia's neutrality in 1914.The volume covers:Persian neutrality and declaration of war between Turkey and Great Britain.Russian troops in Azerbaijan, and their withdrawal from Tabriz.British interests in Azerbaijan and Tabriz.Christian minorities in Persian Azerbaijan.Defeat of Shuja-ed-Dowleh in December 1914.Anglo-Turkish war: departure of British Consul and British residents from Tabriz and Urmia; Persian towns occupied; movements of Turkish troops.Reply of Turkish legation at Tehran to British document stating the causes to join the war, printed on the Persian newspaper
Ra'd(ff 111-115).Translation of an anti-British proclamation issued at Isfahan, commenting on the outbreak of hostilities between Turkey and Great Britain, signed by Mirza Abbas Yezdi (ff 123-130).Looting of properties of the Russian Consul at Soujboulak [sic, in the Tabriz region] by Turkish troops.There are some letters in French, from the Consul General for Persia at Calcutta.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Louis du Pan Mallet and Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe, Foreign Office; Walter Beaupre Townley, British Minister at Tehran; Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; George William Buchanan, Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia; Ernst Bristow, Acting Consul General at Isfahan.1 volume (170 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 172; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-170; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The volume is a chronological continuation of File 3877/1912 Pt 2 ‘Turkey in Asia: oil concessions’ (IOR/L/PS/301), and comprises papers concerning ongoing negotiations over oil concessions for the Mesopotamian vilayets of Mosul and Baghdad, in which the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC), Deutsche Bank, the British-backed National Bank of Turkey, and the Anglo-Saxon Oil Company (ASOC, a division of Royal Dutch Shell) are the principal claimants. The principal correspondents include: the Director of APOC (Charles Greenway); Foreign Office officials (Sir Louis Du Pan Mallet; Sir Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Admiralty (William Graham Greene).The papers cover:correspondence dated 1914 regarding a claim made by Roland H Silley, represented in the correspondence by his solicitors Treherne, Higgins and Company, to concessionary rights in Mesopotamia;proposals for APOC to represent the D’Arcy Group, the original British claimants to oil concession rights in Mesopotamia;an agreement made between representatives of the British and German Governments, the National Bank of Turkey, ASOC, Deutsche Bank and the D’Arcy Group (APOC), dated 19 March 1914, for the ‘Fusion of Interests in Turkish Petroleum Concessions of the D’Arcy Group and of the Turkish Petroleum Company’ (f 271);efforts, in late October and November 1914, to maintain the agreement of 19 March 1914, in spite of Britain now being at war with Turkey, including a letter from Greenway, dated 2 November 1914, stressing the importance of carrying through the concessions arrangements without delay (ff 156-161);a minute, with no indication of author, dated January 1915 which offers a concise précis of the history of oil concessions in Mesopotamia, and the background to the agreement of 19 March 1914 (f 143);in 1915, discussion amongst Foreign Office officials over the validity of the agreement signed on 19 March 1914, in response to events of the First World War.1 part (184 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front.
Correspondence and papers relating to British prisoners of war in Baghdad, detained in the wake of the commencement of hostilities between Britain and Turkey in Mesopotamia [Iraq] in November 1914. The papers cover: the status of British subjects including British Indians in Baghdad; reports of Turkish troop movements in Mesopotamia; correspondence between the British and United States governments, the latter working as an intermediary between the British and Ottoman governments, to secure the good treatment and release of British prisoners in Baghdad; reports from the United States Consul at Baghdad (Charles Frederick Brissel) on conditions at Baghdad; a report on a journey made from Baghdad to Bombay [Mumbai] by British Indian employees of the Political Residency in Baghdad in November 1914 (ff 147-153); in June 1915, negotiations for the exchange of British subjects (including women and children) detained at Baghdad, with Turkish officials stranded at British-occupied Amara [Al ‘Amārah]. The file’s principal correspondents are: the Foreign Office, including the Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Sir Algernon Law, Sir Ralph Spencer Paget; the Government of the USA, including the US Consul at Baghdad and the US Ambassador at Constantinople [Istanbul], Philip Hoffman.The volume contains two items in French; letters from the Ottoman Government’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, forwarded by the US Ambassador at Constantinople (ff 32-33, ff 49-50).The part includes a divider (f 1) which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (217 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 94 (German War: Turkey) consists of 4 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/532-535. The volumes are divided into 4 parts, with each part comprising one volume (1, 3, 4 and 5). There is no part 2.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 215; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.