The volume discusses the ongoing negotiations in Constantinople between the Ottoman, British and Russian Governments through 1912 and 1913 regarding the Turco-Persian Frontier. Also discussed is the decision in July 1913 to establish a delimitation commission to which Albert Charles Wratislaw and Arnold Talbot Wilson are appointed as representatives of the British Government.Also discussed in the volume is the region of Kermanshah and in particular Qasr-i-Shirin [Qaşr-e Shīrīn], along with the Anglo-Persian Oil Company's concerns over the rights accorded to them in their 1901 concession should some of that territory be ceded to Turkey.Further discussion relates to the movements of Russian and Turkish troops near the frontier and the withdrawal of Turkish troops from certain places along the frontier.This volume is part two of two. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (334 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 1356 (Turco-Persian Frontier) consists of 2 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/266-267. The volumes are divided into 2 parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 334; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Correspondence concerning the mining of red oxide on Abu Musa island owned by Shaikh Sagar bin Khaled of Sharjah. Letters reference the Protectorate Treaties 1897 clause that the Protectorate Sheikhs should on "no account, cede, sell, mortgage or otherwise give for occupation any part of my territory save to the British government." Correspondence describes how the concession had been given to a British subject and then to a German concessionaire. The concession to the German company was then cancelled but mining operations continued. Letters detail the arrangements for the dispatch of a British gun-boat if required. Correspondents include the Political Resident Persian Gulf; Assistant Secretary to Government of India in the Foreign Department; Residency Agent, Lingah; Residency Agent, Sharjah.1 volume (228 folios)The papers are arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: The foliation system in use is the sequence of numbers appearing in a circle in the top right hand corner of each folio. The file also bears a foliation system comprising of uncircled numbers written in blue.
This file contains reports and correspondence relating to the mining of iron ore on the island of Abu Musa and Hassan Samayeh's involvements with the Germans. The correspondents include the Political Resident Persian Gulf (Major Percy Cox), Residency Agent Sharjah; Lieutenant-Commander W. Hose, H.M.S.
Redbreast, Bushire; H. Listermann, Consul for the Imperial German Government; Sheikh Sagar bin Khalid, Chief of Sharjah; Foreign Office, Government of India.Topics include:The erection of the Qawasim flag on Abu Musa.Views of the Foreign Office on Abu Musa.German Consul talks with Shaikh of Sharjah about the Wonckhaus company.Informing the German Consul that the Trucial chiefs are under British protection.Provision of guards for Abu Musa.Complaint of Nejef bin Ali against Hassan bin Samaiyeh.Persian claim to the islandThe Trucial chiefs were warned not to grant concessions without consulting the Resident.Wonckhaus agent prevented from landing at Abu Musa and to be allowed to remove all oxide already accumulated.There are many letters in Arabic including letters in Arabic from the German Consul to the Sheikh of Sharjah with translations. Also a hand written letter in English from the German Consul in Bushire to the Political Resident; and a Persian newspaper,
Nedai-e-Watan.1 volume (255 folios)The papers are arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file.There are two foliation sequences. The first foliation sequence which should be used for referencing, begins on the first folio of writing, on number 1. After number 3 there is a blank folio, which is not numbered. The sequence then resumes on the next folio, on number 4 and runs through to number 255, which is the last folio of writing. This sequence is written in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio.The second foliation sequence begins on the third folio of writing and runs from number 1 through to number 248A, ending on the last folio of writing. The second sequence is written in blue crayon, in the top right corner of each folio.
Correspondence concerning the claim of Hassan Samaiya for property lost on Abu Musa island after the German company Wonckhaus lost the concession following an international tribunal. Includes a list of articles used in the mining operation and also discusses the welfare of some donkeys left there. The file includes the 'Investigation regarding Hassan Sameiyeh's complaint in connection with gear said to have disappeared from Abu Musa'. Correspondents include the Residency Agent, Lingah; Dr H.Listermann, Imperial German Consul, Bushire; Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident Persian Gulf.There is also correspondence on the claim by Shaikh Sagar bin Khalid of Sharjah against Hassan bin Samaiyah for the loss of horses on Abu Musa. Correspondents include the Residency Agent, Lingah and Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident Persian Gulf; Khan Bahadur Agba Beder, Residency Agent, Lingah and Shaikh Sagar bin Khalid of Sharjah.1 volume (117 folios)The papers are arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio writing with circled pencil numbers in the top right-hand corner of the recto of each folio and finishes on the back cover. Foliation anomalies: 3, 3A, 12, 12A, 54, 54A.
This file contains reports and correspondence relating to the ownership of some islands in the Gulf, namely, the islands of Farsi, Arabi, Harqus, Al Karan and Al Kurain. The reports and correspondence are mainly between the India Office, London; the Foreign Office, London; Political Resident Persian Gulf, Political Agent Kuwait; Political Agent Bahrain; the Anglo Persian Oil Company. The discussion over the territorial status bears on whether the islands would come in the concession area of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company or Kuwait. One letter notes that if the ownership of the islands is undetermined up until that point this was of no importance; however, with the possibility that they may contain oil it was now imperative that they should belong to either Her Majesty's Government or to Kuwait rather than a foreign power. Therefore, the Shaikh of Kuwait is encouraged to erect beacons on some of the islands to support his claim to ownership. As the British were keen to avoid territorial disputes with Persia this was thought more unobtrusive than the raising of flags. There is also discussion over the island of Hawar and whether it belonged to Bahrain or Qatar.It also includes a translation of a letter from Shaikh Hamdan bin Zayed [Shaikh of Abu Dhabi] to Colonel Stuart Geoge Knox, Political Resident Persian Gulf, a small hand drawn sketch map showing location of a village on Dalma Island with H.M.S.
Foxanchorage position (folio 3), and a table on sources of oil supply to Britain in the years 1935, 1936 and 1937.1 volume (204 folios)The papers are arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: The sequence consists of small circled numbers located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio, commencing on the first full page of text.
Correspondence relating to the mining of red oxide on Abu Musa island by a German company, Wonckhaus, and the British desire to prevent the Germans gaining a monopoly and presence on the island. Correspondence includes a note by Major Percy Zachariah Cox on the case and Hassan bin Samaiyah's involvement as well as printed reports. Correspondents include the Residency Agent, Lingah; Politial Resident Persian Gulf; Imperial German Consul, Bushire.1 volume (381 folios)The papers are arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file.An index to the file is included at the front:The main foliation sequence, which should be used for referencing, begins on the cover page, which is number 1A. It is followed by 1B, and then by folio number 2. After folio number 3 the sequence jumps straight to number 5 – there is no number 4. The sequence then runs through to 120. Number 121 has been missed out, so folio number 120 is followed by number 122. The sequence then continues through to 381, which is the inside of the back cover of the volume. It should be noted that letters have been used to number folios at two other points in the sequence: 229 is followed by 229A; and 329 is followed by 329A. This sequence consists of small pencil numbers, in the top right corner of each folio.The second foliation sequence begins at the first letter, which is the third folio of writing and runs through to number 356, the last folio of writing.This foliation sequence is written in pencil (using slightly larger numbers), in the top right corner of each folio.
The file contains correspondence related to the Iranian Government’s order known as the Tehran order, on treating people arriving at Persian ports from Bahrain, Muscat, Dubai and Oman as Persian subjects. The file also includes petitions raised by Muscat subjects whose passports were seized by the Iranian Customs.The main correspondents in the file are the British Residency and Consulate General, Bushire; the Secretary of State for India, London; His Majesty’s Minister, Tehran; the Political Agency, Muscat and the Government of Muscat and Oman.1 file (54 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 56; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-54; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the status of Kuwait and the negotiations between Britain and Turkey which led to a treaty in 1913.The discussion in the volume relates to the:the proposed settlement of Kuwait question with Turkish Government;the draft Anglo-Turkish Convention;the report of Shaikh Mubarak's control over tribes, and on frontiers of Kuwait;negotiations on the draft Convention.Included in the volume is a copy of the Anglo-Turkish Agreement and the collection of documents signed on 29 July,1912.The principal correspondents in the volume include the following: the Viceroy; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Percy Zachariah Cox; the Assistant Resident, Percy Gordon Loch; the Ambassador to Constantinople, Sir Gerard Lowther.1 volume (221 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 223; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 4-222; these numbers are also written in pencil, but, where circled, are crossed through.
This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding their attempts to monitor and prohibit slave traffic on the East Coast of Africa. The correspondence dates from March 1869 to October 1869.Of particular interest are the following folios:Folio 71 - French Government boat registration papers that had been given to 'Arab Dhows' allowing them to travel under the French flag.Folio 73 - A chart entitled 'Memorandum of Number of Slaves landed and liberated at Aden, and how disposed of'.Folio 74 - A copy of the Slave Trade Jurisdiction (Zanzibar) Bill, May 1869.Folios 89-91 - 'A Memorandum by Mr. Churchill [Henry Adrian Churchill, Britain's Agent in Zanzibar] respecting Slave Trade on the East Coast of Africa'.1 volume (25 folios)The file is arranged in rough chronological order, with the earliest correspondence at the beginning of the file and the latest at the end of the file.Condition: contained within a bound volume that contains a number of other files.Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 67, and terminates at f 91, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 5-134; these numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
The memorandum consists of printed papers on the subject of whether persons of Persian origin born in India are entitled to protection as British subjects. The question arose from the fact that Persia did not recognise British nationality in persons of Persian descent. In particular, it references the case of Agha Mehdee; a person of Persian descent who has enjoyed British subject status for a number of years. His status as a British subject is accepted by the Government of Persia, but they do not consider this to be a precedent to be conferred on others. The attitudes of France and Russia towards their subjects are considered in order to inform the British position on the matter. The papers included are outlined below.A letter (No. 1, folios 96-100) from William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, to Edward Henry Stanley, Earl of Derby, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated Tehran 15 February 1876, with the following enclosures:1. Translation of a memorandum from Minister for Foreign Affairs, dated 19 January 1876 respecting the position of Agha Mehdee;2. Memorandum No. 920 of 1868 respecting Nazir Mohammed Mehedee, signed W Whinvail, Acting Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, dated Bombay Castle 16 May 1868;3. Memorandum No. 2740 of 1870 respecting Nazir Aga Ahmed bin Aga Ali, signed Herbert Henry Jacomb, Under Secretary to the Government of Bombay, dated Bombay Castle 11 November 1870;4. Letter from Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, dated Bushire 27 January 1872;5. Government Resolution No. 1905 regarding the position of persons of Persian parentage born in British territory, dated Bombay Castle, 27 March 1872;6. Opinion of J W [James Sewell] White, Advocate-General, Bombay, regarding the position of persons of Persian parentage born in British territory. It is dated Bombay Castle 5 March 1872;7. Telegram from Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, dated Bushire 27 May 1872;8. Telegram from E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, to Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated Bombay 7 June 1872;9. Telegram from Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, dated Bushire 7 June 1872;10. Letter from Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to E [Charles] Gonne, Secretary to the Political Department, Government of Bombay, dated Bushire 26 June 1872;11. Government Resolution No. 5446 regarding the position of persons of Persian parentage born in British territory, dated Bombay Castle 14 December 1872;12. Opinion of C J Mayhew, Acting Advocate-General, Bombay (No. 34), regarding the position of persons of Persian parentage born in British territory, dated Bombay 2 September 1872;13. Letter from Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Secretary to the Government of India, to Colonel Ross, dated Fort William 5 September 1874;14. Letter from G C Paul, Assistant Advocate-General, Bengal, to Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Secretary to the Government of India, dated Fort William 21 August 1874;15. Telegram from the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Governor of Bushire, dated 22 Zuhejjeh 1292 (20 January 1876);16. Letter from William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, to B Schimanovsky, Russian Chargé d'Affaires, dated Tehran 25 January 1876 (enclosure in French);17. Letter from B Schimanovsky, Russian Chargé d'Affaires, to William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, dated 31 January 1876 (enclosure in French);18. Memorandum of a conversation between Mr Larcom and B Schimanovsky, Russian Chargé d'Affaires, respecting the laws regulating Nationality in Russia, dated Tehran 10 February 1876;19. Letter from William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, to R de Balloy, French Chargé d'Affaires, dated Tehran 10 February 1876 (enclosure in French);20. Letter from R de Balloy, French Chargé d'Affaires, to William Taylor Thomson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, dated Tehran 11 February 1876 (enclosure in French);21. Extract from "Les Codes Français" (enclosure in French);22. Extract from a law modified 7 February 1851 concerning persons born in France to foreign parents (enclosure in French).A memorandum (No. 2, folios 100-101) as to the protection to be granted to persons of Persian origin born in India, signed by A Walmisley, dated Foreign Office 20 April 1876. It considers a couple of cases; the case of 'Bagio', a Jew born to Ottoman parents; and 'Schlizzi', a man born in Ottoman territory, but who had resided for a time in England.1 file (6 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 96, and terminates at f 101, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file consists of typescript and printed copies (including supporting correspondence) of the following air agreements between the United Kingdom and other states:Lebanon, 1951 (including correspondence and papers in French and Arabic);Kuwait, Civil Air Agreement and Air Navigation Regulations, 1950;Bahrain, Civil Air Agreement revised and renewed, 1942;Kuwait, Civil Air Agreement and Air Navigation Regulations, 1950:Dubai, Commercial Air Agreement,1938;Muscat, Civil Air Agreement and Air Navigation Regulations,1947;Shuwaimiya, 1938;Khor Gharim, 1936;Umm Rasais, Masira [Masirah], 1932;Muscat, Civil Air Agreement, 1935;Sir Bu-Nair [Sir Bu-Nu'air], Sharjah, 1936;Muscat, Air Navigation Regulations, 1935;Kalba, 1936;Ras al Khaimah [R'as al-Khaymah], 1930;Sharjah, 1951 (also in Arabic);Sharjah, 1932;Dibai [Dubai], 1933;Sharjah, 1943;Sir Bani Yas and Abu Dhabi, 1935;Halul, Abu Dhabi, 1936;Bahrein [Bahrain], 1934 (with manuscript corrections);Kuwait, Air Navigation Regulations, 1950;Kuwait, Civil Air Agreement, 1934;Bahrain, 1941.1 file (153 folios)The agreements appear from the front to the rear of the file in the order listed in the Scope and Content section of this catalogue record. There is a list of contents on the inside front cover of the file (folio 1), which is linked to the agreements themselves by reference numbers which appear in blue or red ink (uncircled) in the top right hand corner of the recto page of the first folio of the relevant document.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover of the file (the first folio after the outer cover) and terminates at 155 on the back cover of the file (the last folio before the outer cover). These numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. There is second, local foliation sequence numbered 242-254 between ff. 86-98.
The volume contains the following two documents:
Convention between the United Kingdom and Turkey respecting the Persian Gulf and adjacent territories, (With Maps), Signed at London, July 29 1913and
Convention between the United Kingdom and Turkey respecting the Boundaries of Aden and of Ottoman Territory in Southern Arabia, (With Maps), Signed at London, March 9 1914, (Ratifications exchanged at London, June 3 1914).The articles of the conventions appear in both French and English in parallel columns.The Arabic content of the volume consists of bilingual English and Arabic place names and in the keys to references, and symbols and abbreviations in the maps on folios 37-40.1 volume (45 folios)There are tables of contents toward the front of both documents, on folio 2 and folio 25.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1A on the front cover and terminates at 47 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. The following foliation anomalies occur: ff. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D. The following pagination ranges occur: ff. 5-6; ff. 35-36. The following folio number is not used: 44. The following folios need to be folded out to be read: ff. 7, 8, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41.
The file consists of a printed copy of the Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia [Iran], Afghanistan and Thibet [Tibet], signed at St. Petersburgh [St Petersburg] on 31 August 1907, and ratified at St. Petersburgh on 23 September 1907. The Convention was presented to both Houses of Parliament in the United Kingdom in October 1907.The Convention sets out the respective spheres of influence of the United Kingdom and Russia in Persia, recognises the United Kingdom’s influence over Afghanistan, and states that both countries would refrain from all interference in the internal administration of Thibet, in recognition of the suzerain rights of China in Thibet.The text of the Convention is written is French, and is followed by an English translation.1 file (10 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 10, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
A paper written in continuation of a previous memorandum regarding the Italian Occupation of Assab Bay [IOR/L/PS/18/B22], which brings the story up to date.The first section describes the course of events at and around Assab from May 1880 to September 1881, including protests made by the Egyptian Government to the Italian Government at their purchase of the whole coastline around Assab Bay and the islands nearby, and an enquiry that followed the massacre of an Italian exploring party. This section concludes with two reports suggesting that, although the Italians had not made much progress at Assab Bay, they had shown their intention to get a foothold on the African continent.The second section reproduces correspondence between the British, Italian and Egyptian governments, and between the India Office and the Foreign Office from May 1880 to September 1881. The correspondence relates to the purchase of land at Assab Bay by the Rubattino Company; Italian Government denials that the territory would be used for military purposes; attempts made by the Italian Government to legitimise their occupation of the place by encouraging the British Government to accredit a British Agent there, both for commercial purposes and for the purpose of co-operation in the suppression of the slave trade; and a British Government proposal that the Italian Government enter into a formal convention about the matter with the Egyptian Government.The final section reproduces correspondence connected with a proposed disembarkation of Egyptian troops at Raheita to the south of Assab Bay; Egyptian appeals for a British warship to be sent to the area; Italian protestations that disembarkation at Raheita would constitute a provocation; and the British Government's re-affirmation that the sovereignty of the coastline at Raheita and Assab Bay belongs to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the Khedive of Egypt.The paper is written by Arthur William Moore.1 file (16 folios)This file consists of a summary of historical events (ff 25-28), followed by two further sections reproducing correspondence (ff 28-36) and (ff 36-40).Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at folio 25, and terminates at folio 40, as it is part of a larger volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
Bound volume containing two secret reports, both authored by Colonel Wilfrid Malleson (referred to as Division of the Chief of the Staff in the first report, and Assistant Quarter Master General for Intelligence in the second), and both issued by the Division of the Chief of the Staff in 1909.The first report is entitled
Statistics regarding the Masqat [Muscat] Arms Traffic (Revised.)(ff 4-16), and contains several appendices and fold-out tables giving details of: caravan routes along which arms trafficking is carried out on the Makran coast; total values of arms and ammunition imported into Muscat and other Persian Gulf ports; importers and (European) exports of arms.The second report is entitled
Special Reports on the Masqat Arms Traffic, Season 1908-09(ff 17-60), and comprises a number of reports on the arms trade through Muscat, submitted by ‘secret agents’, and a map illustrating the arms traffic from Muscat to Persia, Baluchistan and Afghanistan (f 59). The report also includes two appendices, lettered G and H. Appendix G is a letter (in French) dated 28 October 1907, from M Pick to Messieurs Malcom and Company of Muscate [Muscat]. Appendix H comprises lists (in French) of arms for sale, with prices given in French francs.The voluime includes a map illustrating the Muscat arms traffic, dated 1909, indicating routes taken by the Muscat arms trade from the Persian (Makran) coast and inland, into Persia, Baluchistan and Afghanistan (f 59).1 volume (60 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 62; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: this part also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file consists of a number of printed reports relating to the arbitration over the granting of French flags to Muscat dhows:A printed report in 1904 by the Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, relating to the arbitration on the issue of French flags to Omani dhows. An agreement between Britain and France in 1862 committed both governments to respect the independence of the Sultan of Muscat.Reply on behalf of the Government of His Britannic Majesty to the Supplementary Conclusions, presented on behalf of the Government of the French Republic and admitted by the tribunal on July 25, 1905.The verdict (in French) of the arbitration tribunal.Treaty Series (No. 3, 1905) - Agreements between the United Kingdom and France referring to arbitration the question of the grant of the French flag to Muscat Dhows.The section on the geography of Oman (ff 58-59A) discusses the French claim with reference to Kiepert's map of 1850. Includes a sketch map of the Persian Gulf and Arabian Coast (folio 91A).1 volume (102 folios)Description: The foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Foliation errors: 1, and 1A; 50, and 50A; 59, and 59A; 84, and 84A-C; 88, and 88A; 91, and 91A. Pagination: A number of original typed pagination sequences are also located in the file.
This part comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to reports on the Turco-Persian Frontier. It includes the printed report 'A description of the Turco-Persian Frontier (Basrah and Baghdad vilayets) from Fao to the Sirwan River' (ff 5-11). The discussion in the volume also includes notes by Mr Wratislaw, British Commissioner, on the final delimitation. The volume also includes a printed report in French 'Recueil des Procès-Verbaux des Seances de la Commission de Delimitation de la Frontiere Turco-Persane, 1914-18' (ff 30-128).This part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 part file (173 folios)The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume. The subject 5094 (Turco-Persian Frontier Commission) consists of one volume.
A memorandum, written by Adolphus Warburton Moore, Assistant Secretary of the Political and Secret Department of the India Office, 1 September 1879.The document is a summary of correspondence, government reports, and published literature relating to the Turkish expedition into El Hassa [Al Hasa] in 1871, and was compiled in light of a proposed comprehensive arrangement with the Porte about the positions of the two powers along the Gulf coast, and policing responsibilities at sea. The correspondence is from the period 1870-1874 and is principally between various British Government departments and offices connected to the region, and the Turkish Government.The Turkish expedition called into question the sovereignty and jurisdiction of much of the Arabian Peninsula, as well as the coastline and islands of the Gulf. The correspondence contains discussions of these matters and reflects British fears of a loss of their monopoly over the control and security of the Gulf, and a disruption of the treaty relations they maintained with rulers in Bahrein [Bahrain], Guttur [Qatar], the Trucial Coast, Muscat, and Aden.The author quotes extensively from the correspondence and other sources, notes on which are to be found in the margin throughout.1 file (14 folios)Foliation: the foliation for this description commences at folio 131 and terminates at folio 144, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The main foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.Condition: folio 131 is torn along one edge, with some loss of text.
A memorandum, written by Adolphus Warburton Moore, Assistant Secretary of the Political and Secret Department of the India Office, 1 September 1879.The document is a continuation of 'Persian Gulf - Turkish jurisdiction along the Arabian coast (Part I)' (IOR/L/PS/18/B19/1) and broadly addresses the same issues, namely, what to do about Turkish claims to sovereignty along the southern coast of the Gulf that could potentially impinge on Britain's treaty commitments with local rulers and their security responsibilities at sea (the suppression of piracy), and whether to come to some kind of comprehensive arrangement with the Ottoman Government to settle the matter. To support this, the document gives a history of recent affairs in the region, making extensive use of correspondence and memoranda mostly written between 1874 and 1879. The principal correspondents are from the Government of India, the Foreign Office, the India Office, and various political and diplomatic offices in the Persian Gulf, Turkish Arabia, and Constantinople. The matters covered by the document concern events at Bahrein [Bahrain], Guttur [Qatar] - including Zobarah [Al Zubarah], Odeid [al-‘Udaid], and El Bidaa [Doha] - Lahsa [al-Hasa], and the Trucial states.The memorandum concludes by outlining the position of the Foreign Office, the Government of India, and the India Office (represented by the author) on the following four matters:1. The status of Odeid;2. The need to better define areas of responsibility and jurisdiction with the Porte, and whether to hold them responsible for order along the coast under their authority;3. A revision of Britain's treaties with Bahrain, the Trucial chiefs, and Muscat;4. The arrangement of Persian Gulf business between the Bushire Residency and the Baghdad Political Agency.The author quotes extensively from the correspondence and other sources, notes on which are to be found in the margin throughout.1 file (21 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 148 and terminates at folio 168, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The main foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
A printed memorandum written and compiled by Adolphus Warburton Moore for the Political and Secret Department of the India Office, and dated 12 February 1884.The document is a continuation of 'Persian Gulf - Turkish jurisdiction along the Arabian coast (Part III)' (IOR/L/PS/18/B19/4), dealing with British relations with Shaikh Jasim [Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thāni] of El Bidaa [Doha] in light of his recent poor treatment of British Indian traders resident in the town.The document summarises correspondence on the matter, outlining the opinions of officials from the departments and institutions involved, which include the Foreign Office, the Government of India, the India Office, and the Residency at Bushire.The document covers the British response to Jasim's actions, including claims for compensation, and the subsequent Turkish reaction to British threats against what was perceived to be Turkish sovereign territory.The author quotes extensively from the correspondence and other sources, notes on which are to be found in the margin throughout.1 file (8 folios)Foliation: the sequence for this description commences at folio 19 and terminates at folio 26, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-197; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the bottom right corner of each folio.Pagination: the document also has an original printed pagination sequence.
Memorandum written in French and published by the Foreign Office in 1874.The memorandum discusses the situation in Persia, including the interior and exterior threats the country faces, and the potential threat the situation poses to the borders of the British Empire.The perceived exterior threat to Perse is the progress and advancement of the Russian Empire in Asia and their perceived interest in occupying Merv, the ancient capital of Khorassan [Khorāsān]. The interior threat is considered to be the general situation in Persia and its difficulties in establishing administration within its own borders.Also discussed in the memorandum is the strength and skill of the Turcomanes (Turkmen) cavalry which could potentially disrupt Russia's plans in Asia and the lack of continuous British representation in Persia and the possible need to provide support to their ally in order to stop Russia from advancing through Asia.1 file (3 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 61, and terminates at f 63, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original incomplete printed pagination sequence.
Report written by Adolphus Warburton Moore, Assistant Secretary in the Political Secret Department of the India Office, and dated 14 February 1877. The report, which deals with the question of British consular jurisdiction in Persia and the Persian Gulf, was written in order to close a matter that had been the subject of correspondence for over ten years. The report is a narrative of Government of India correspondence dating from 1866 to 1876 on the subject, and covers matters such as: questions over the extent of the territory over which jurisdiction may be exercised; the extent of jurisdictive powers held by the Political Resident, his Assistant, and other officials; implementation of jurisdictive powers; tribunals; legal procedure; civil and criminal law; the slave trade. An appendix to the report (folios 17-18) contains extracts from treatises (most in French) held between Persia and Great Britain (dated 4 March 1857), Persia and Russia (22 February 1828), and Persia and Germany (21 June 1873).18 foliosA single report, followed by a single appendix.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume contains records of correspondence (abstracts, lists, copies and originals) concerning relations between Russia and Persia during the period 1837-1875. The papers are as follows:Papers relating to Russian proceedings on the island of Ashoorada [Ashuradeh] covering the years 1837-1854 (but compiled at an unspecified later date):abstract of correspondence covering the years 1837-1854 (folios 1-13);lists of dispatches and correspondence covering the years 1837-1852 (folios 14-21A).Papers relating to Russo-Persian relations, c1860-1862:abstract of a memoir on the general policy of Russia in the East by M. Sawarykielwiez (folios 22-33). The abstract is signed WHB. A note in blue crayon on folio 22 reads '?About 1860';letter from Charles Alison, Tehran to John Russell, Earl Russell, dated 14 June 1862, enclosing a translation of a draft [not transcribed] of a secret treaty between Persia and Russia proposed during the Crimean War (original manuscript copy and two typescript copies) (folios 34-37).Copies of secret dispatches from the British Embassy at St Petersburg to the British Government, dated 1874-1875, relating to Russian activities in Transcaspia and Central Asia, with copies of supporting correspondence (folios 38-146). Many of the dispatches are in French.1 volume (173 folios)The papers are bound in chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the first folio after the front cover and terminates at 157 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 21, 21A; ff. 74, 74A; ff. 114, 114A; ff. 115, 115A; ff. 116, 116A; ff. 127, 127A; ff. 130, 130A; ff. 131, 131A; ff. 132, 132A; ff. 136, 136A; ff. 137, 137A; ff. 139, 139A; ff. 140, 140A; ff. 141, 141A; ff. 146, 146A; ff. 151, 151A; ff, 152, 152A.
The volume consists of chronological entries containing transcripts of correspondence sent and received and notes on the arrival and departure of vessels at Bushire. The Resident during the period covered was Jonathan Henry Lovett; frequent mention is also made early in the volume of Lovett's predecessor as Resident, Mirza Mehedy Aly Khan [Mīrzā Mahdī ‘Alī Khān].The correspondence sent is entered under the date the letter was written; that received is entered under the date of receipt at Bushire. Summaries of the contents of transcribed correspondence appear in the left hand column of each page. There are occasional lists of correspondence and papers: some of these items are transcribed in full; in other cases a note records that the papers are kept elsewhere: e.g. note stating that 'These papers will be found among the records of the Factory' (page 19). The correspondence is mostly between the Resident and other East India Company officials, particularly the Government of Bombay; the Resident at Bussora [Basra] (Samuel Manesty); the Resident at Bagdad [Baghdad] (Harford Jones); the Resident at Muscat (David Seton); and commanders of ships of the Bombay Marine (the East India Company navy) .The records of shipping consist of a note of the day of arrival and departure of ships of the Bombay Marine and country ships (privately-owned merchant ships, which operated under licence from the East India Company), and information on their port of origin and destination. The terms 'imported' and 'exported' are used, respectively, for the arrival and departure of vessels.General topics covered in the correspondence include:reports from the Resident to the Government of Bombay;permission from the Government of Bombay for items of expenditure;correspondence between the Residents on political developments;accounting and financial matters;movement of ships;transport of goods and freight;mercantile transactions;transmission of packets of correspondence;appointments;administrative matters;relations with Persia;the activities of the French in the region.Specific topics (dated by date of diary entry) covered include:the appointments of Lovett as Resident and Andrew Jukes as Surgeon (recorded under entries for 10 January 1803, pages 1-42);Residency audited accounts, 1801/2, issued by the Office of Audit, Bombay Castle, with accompanying correspondence, 10 January 1803 (pages 20-40) and further correspondence, 10 May 1803 (pages 95-119);correspondence relating to the loss of the Honourable Company's Schooner (also referred to as Cruiser)
Alerton the Island of Busheab (also referred to as Boosheibe) [Bushoeyb] off the coast of Persia, March-April 1803 (pages 58-79) and 31 May 1803 (pages 125-130);correspondence relating to the loss of the country ship
Hectoron the Island of Busheab; attempts to recover her cargo together with property taken from the
Alert; and operations against Sheikh Rama Ben Sunneed, Sheikh of Nuckheloo (also referred to as Naquiloo) [Nakhilu], including dispatches from Lieutenant William Bruce on deputation at Nukhiloo and Khangoon [Kangan], 11 May - 29 November 1803, passim;correspondence relating to an attack on the house of John White, Captain of the
Recovery, at Bussora [Basra] by a mob who mistakenly believed that a Muslim woman was inside, 2 June 1803 (pages 134-153);Report of a Committee of Survey into those parts of the Factory that were urgently in need of repair, 30 September 1803 (pages 303-305);Residency regulations, 1 October 1803 (pages 305-307);Report of the Committee appointed to inspect the records of the Factory, 14 October 1803 (pages 316-318);List of butler's stores prepared by a Committee of Inspection, 18 October 1803 (pages 318-322);correspondence relating to reports of the capture of the
Shrewsburyby a French frigate, 29 October 1803 (pages 330-331).The French language content of this file consists of a bulletin of reports received at Baghdad from Persia and Afghanistan, which was forwarded to the Resident at Bushire by Harford Jones (17 September 1803, pages 296-297).The date of the earliest item of correspondence that forms part of one of the lists of correspondence and papers and is transcribed in full is 5 October 1802 (pages 7-8).1 volume (183 folios)The volume is in the form of a diary running in chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume. The correspondence sent is entered under the date the letter was written; that received is entered under the date of receipt at Bushire. Notes of the arrival and departure of vessels are similarly recorded in diary form under the relevant date.Pagination: the volume contains an original pagination sequence in ink (with additions and clarifications in pencil); this sequence begins at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 366 on the back cover. These numbers can be found in the top left and top right hand corners of each page. Pagination anomalies: pp. 1, 1A, 1B, 1C.Condition: the volume displays considerable signs of insect damage, and damage to the edges of the paper, but this does not affect the legibility of the text.
A historical memorandum relating to Egyptian claims to sovereignty over the Somali coast, written by A W Moore, Assistant Secretary to the India Office, in two parts, submitted 26 February 1876 and 11 October 1879.The first part of the memorandum provides a historical narrative of events leading from the discovery in June 1870 of an Egyptian warship at Berbera on the Somali coast, with consequent suspicions that the Egyptian Government wished to occupy that place, up to the production of a draft Somali Coast Convention in 1876. The memorandum reproduces correspondence between the Resident at Aden, the Secretary of State for India, and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, in which the authors consider the impact of Egyptian and Turkish influence at Berbera on British trade interests at Aden; on the independence of local Somali tribes; and on British efforts to suppress the slave trade. The memorandum also includes the terms by which HM Government agree to recognise Egyptian sovereignty.Appendices to the first part of the memorandum reproduce several 'Treaty Relations with Tribes on the African Coast' and 'Geographical Notes'.The second part of the memorandum opens with an account of events which preceded the signing in 1877 of the Somali Coast Convention by the British Government and by the Egyptian Khedive, describing the Khedive's attempts to extend the limit of proposed Egyptian sovereignty as far south as the Juba River, and subsequent British threats to enter into agreements with Somali chiefs independently of the Khedive.The memorandum goes on to describe renewed discussions in connection with the procedure in Constantinople necessary to give validity to the Convention after it was signed by the Khedive, and reproduces a note issued by the Ottoman Porte, which asserts Turkish sovereignty over the territory covered by the Convention, but falls short of providing assurances against ceding any of that territory to other foreign powers.The memorandum closes with the reproduction of correspondence discussing the text of a proposed firman, to be issued by the Ottoman Porte, which would give validity to the Convention signed by the Khedive.Appendices to the second part of the memorandum reproduce the text of the 'Somali Coast Convention' and an 'Agreement in regard to the Island of Socotra'.31 foliosThis file is in two parts - the first part consists of a historical narrative (ff 1-9), followed by two appendices (ff 10-12); the second part consists of a historical narrative (ff 13-29), followed by two appendices at the end (ff 30-31).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 31; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file provides an account of the navigation of the rivers of Mesopotamia from 1640, with a series of extracts from despatches, letters, reports, a diary, a treaty, and an order. It details agreements between England and Turkey; the movements of British steamers within the region; the question of the payment of dues and navigation rights; the maintenance costs of steamers; and highlights disturbances hindering navigation.It was written by F De Lesseps, Foreign Department, India Office.The file includes three extracts in French.1 file (4 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 28, and terminates at f 31, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 28-31; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file contains correspondence in 1928 and 1930 from the Political Agent, Bahrain and Charles Dalrymple Belgrave (Financial Adviser to the Government of Bahrain) regarding the Bahrain Government’s attitude to Persian subjects resident in Bahrain who, either travel to India on Persian passports only, or wish to apply for naturalisation as Bahraini subjects.The file also contains the following circulars and translations relating to Persian nationality law:Notification dated 1934 from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, about the procedure to be followed by British residents in Persia, to relinquish their Persian nationality, if they were born in Persia to parents who were either British subjects or British Protected Persons;English translations of the Persian Naturalisation and Nationality Acts, 1894, 1929, 1930;English translation of a circular memorandum dated 1929 from the Persian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the British Legation, Tehran providing a period of grace in which British subjects would be allowed to divest themselves of illegal ownership of Persian land and other property without penalty;French translation of the Persian Agricultural Law 1931, forbidding foreigners to own agricultural land in Persia.1 file (51 folios)File papers are arranged chronologically. They are followed by file notes (folios 50-52) which include a chronological list (folio 50) of the several most recent documents added to the file (folios 42-49), together with their unique document reference number to help identify them. The list also records the folio numbers of the documents, to help locate them in the file. The list records the earlier, secondary foliation number.Foliation: numbered 1-53. The numbering is written in pencil in the top right corner of the folio and encircled. The numbering starts at the front of the file, on the file cover (f 1) and ends on the inside cover at the back of the file (f 53). In the more complete of two earlier and secondary foliation sequences, folios 3 to 43 are also numbered 1 to 41 in pencil in the top right corner of the folio.
The volume contains correspondence pertaining to British interests and activities in the region of Arabistan in Persia. The correspondents include Eardley Peel, Vice Consul at Ahwaz, Percy Cox, High Commissioner at Baghdad, Cecil Lincoln, Acting Consul for Arabistan at Mohammerah [Korramshahr], Arthur Trevor, Political Resident at Bushire, Percy Loraine, British Minister at Tehran, and various Persian Government employees.The issues covered by the documents include:status and allegiances of tribes (especially Chanana, Bani Lam, Bakhtiyari, and Khasraj) and their leaders, including grazing rights, and payment of 'koda'
,a kind of tax levied on grazing;what is to be done with a stock of rifles left over from a voluntary 'rifle club' formed during the First World War that has now disbanded;appointment and eventual resignation of the Governor-General at Mohammerah;redefining of the Persia-Iraq border;British concern about Bolshevik influence in Persia;the conduct of Abdul Majid, Deputy Governor of Mohammerah;the attack by Kuhgilu tribesmen on a detachment of Persian troops sent to police Arabistan and the subsequent accusations against Britain for being behind it;alleged intrigues between Sheikh Khazal [Khaz‘al Āl Ka‘bī] of Mohammerah and Ibn Sa‘ud;the smuggling of currency out of Persia and into Iraq.1 volume (246 folios)The volume is arranged chronologically. At the beginning (folio 1c) is a subject index arranged alphabetically, with folio numbers referring to the main folio sequence described in Physical Characteristics.Foliation: sequence is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins with the first telegram, on number 1, and ends on the last folio of writing, on number 264. Foliation errors: there is no folio 1, just 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d; no folios 5-6, 18-19, 57-65, 68-77; folio 121 is followed by 121A.
Correspondence between British officials and the Sultan of Muscat concerning the granting of a coaling station to the French at Bandar Jissah which led to the British giving an ultimatum to the Sultan that he cancel the lease to the French otherwise his subsidy would be withdrawn. A letter from the Sultan protests that there is no breach of his agreement with the British. Includes a memorandum by Lieutenant G Wood Robinson, regarding Bandar Jissah harbour and a note on anchorages and harbours on the coast of Oman. Correspondents include Major Christopher Charles George Fagan , Political Agent, Muscat; Faisal bin Turki [Fayṣal bin Turkī], Sultan of Muscat; French Vice-Consul; Political Resident Persian Gulf, India Office, London.1 volume (242 folios)The papers are arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file. At the front of the file there is an index page with topics listed in alphabetical order.Foliation: the foliation system in use is the sequence of numbers appearing in a circle in the top right hand corner of each folio. The file also bears a foliation system of uncircled numbers. Foliation anomaly: 1, 1a (1a being unfoliated).
Correspondence concerning the use of French flags by dhows at Sur and the actions taken by the Sultan of Muscat and the Government of India. Includes a hand drawn map (folio 33) 'Rough sketch of Soor'.Topics covered include:The establishment of a French consulate;Representation of the Sultan of Muscat at the Hague tribunal;British documents relating to the arbitration at the Hague tribunal;Issues involving the slave trade and use of the French flag.Correspondents include Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Agent, Muscat; Political Resident Persian Gulf; Louis William Dane, Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department; Quarantine superintendent of the Sultan of Muscat.1 volume (249 folios)The papers are arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file. There is an index at the front of the file.Foliation: The foliaton system in use is the sequence of numbers appearing in a circle in the top right hand corner of each folio.
Correspondence relating to the Hague Arbitration Tribunal which decided on questions referred to it by Great Britain and France concerning the flying of French flags by dhows in Sur. Before the 2nd January 1892 when the Brussels Conference General Act was ratified France was entitled to authorize vessels belonging to subjects of the Sultan of Muscat to fly the French flag only and be bound by French legislative rules. Includes a list of dhows and dhow owners flying the French flag as well as printed copies of the material submitted to the tribunal and the 'Award of the Arbitration Tribunal appointed to decide on the question of the grant of the French flag to Muscat dhows'. Letters discuss the desire of the British to increase the authority of the Sultan of Muscat in Sur.Correspondents include Major William George Grey, Political Agent, Muscat; Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident Persian Gulf; Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department; Foreign Office, London; Saiyid Faisal bin Turki [Fayṣal bin Turkī], Sultan of Muscat; Monsieur Laronce, French Consul, Muscat.1 volume (290 folios)The papers are arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file. An index to the file is given.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are typed, with additions, clarifications and corrections written in pencil. This sequence can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume contains copies of correspondence sent to and from the Political Residency, concerning affairs in Muscat during the period 1921 to 1924. The chief correspondents in the file are the Political Resident, Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Prescott Trevor, and the Political Agent Muscat, chiefly Ronald Evelyn Leslie Wingate, incumbent in the post from October 1919 to October 1921, and February to September 1923. The correspondence chiefly concerns economic and domestic affairs at Muscat, as follows:Economic difficulties in Muscat, precipitated by a significant fall in the port’s customs revenue, the state’s main source of income, and options for increasing state revenue through other means, such as taxes and raising customs duties;The loan of six-and-a-half lacs [lakhs] (650,000 rupees), given by the British Government to the Muscat Government, and arrangements for the Muscat Government to open an account with the Imperial Bank of India, to facilitate the repayment of the loan in installments;The efforts of British officials to impose stringent economic policies at Muscat, and on the Sultan of Muscat, Taymūr bin Fayṣal, leading to strained relations between British officials and the Sultan. Records of conversations between Taymūr bin Fayṣal and the Political Resident and the Political Agent Muscat, over the administration of the state, and responsibilities as its ruler;The submission of financial statements for Muscat State, from the Political Agent Muscat to the Political Resident, for forwarding to the Government of India;Arrangements for the education of Taymūr bin Fayṣal’s son, Sa‘īd bin Taymūr, at Mayo College in Ajmer, India;The recruitment of the Indian Assistant at the Bahrain Political Agency, Siddiq Hassan, as a personal tutor for Sa‘īd bin Taymūr at Mayo College, and negotiations for his salary, including a personal allowance from the Sultan, and the permissibility of such an allowance under Government of India regulations;The recruitment of a British financial adviser at Muscat, including the possibilities of retaining the services of a Captain ED McCarthy (Muscat Levy Corps). Upon learning of McCarthy’s intention to remain in the service of the Army, British officials resume their search for a suitable appointment, with a recommendation made by Sir Arnold Wilson of Bertram Thomas, then working in the Palestinian Administration (folios 239-40);Thomas’s appointment as Financial Adviser at Muscat in mid-1924;The movements of Sultan Taymūr bin Fayṣal, his time spent in Muscat, and British officials’ opinions of his attitude to government and his responsibilities as Sultan;The purchase of a house by the Sultan at Dehra Dun [Dēhrādūn] in India, against the wishes of the British Government.1 volume (279 folios)The volume’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end.Foliation: There is one incomplete foliation sequence and one complete sequence. The complete sequence, which should be used for referencing, is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the title page, on number 1, and ends on the inside back cover, on 276. Foliation anomalies: ff.50A-B. The subject file number (35/87) is marked top and centre of most rectos in the file, both handwritten and typewritten.
This file contains correspondence regarding alleged smuggling activities from Kuwait into Iraq. Primarily, the file contains internal correspondence between British officials but it also includes correspondence between British officials and Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, the ruler of Kuwait.As well as general discussions regarding British attempts to mediate between Iraq and Kuwait, the correspondence also discusses a number of specific incidents including an alleged incursion into Kuwaiti territory made by Iraqi Government armoured cars, the shooting of two Kuwaiti subjects by Iraqi police and shots being fired by Iraqi Customs officials at a Kuwaiti vessel near Warba Island.The file contains a write-up of an interview that took place in September 1934 between Shaikh Aḥmad and Ralph Ponsonby Watts, the acting Political Agent in Kuwait (ff 122-126) as well as a write-up of an informal conversation, that also took place in September 1934, between Percy Gordon Loch, the acting Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Tahsin Beg 'Ali, the Mutasarrif [Governor] of Basrah, and Dr Naji Beg Al Asil, the Director General of Foreign Affairs for the Government of Iraq (ff 127-132).The file also contains a note on Iraqi-Kuwaiti Smuggling written in July 1934 by Trenchard Craven William Fowle, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (ff 65-66) and a bi-lingual Arabic/English copy of suggestions proposed to Shaikh Ahmad by the Government of Iraq in September 1934 (f 145).1 volume (246 folios)The file is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end.Serial numbers in red crayon refer to entries in the notes at the rear of the file.Condition: Formerly a bound correspondence volume, the majority of the file's folios are now loose and unbound.Foliation: The file's foliation is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The foliation sequence, which should be used for referencing, begins with the first item of correspondence, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 235. The file contains the following foliation errors: f 115 is followed by f 115A; f 151 is followed by ff 151A-B; the following numbers are missing from the sequence: f 11, f 160.
This file contains correspondence regarding alleged smuggling activities from Kuwait into Iraq. The correspondence discusses a number of topics including incursions into Kuwaiti territory made by Iraqi Customs and Police Forces, arms smuggling, the demarcation of the Kuwait-Iraq frontier, the possibility of Kuwait constructing frontier posts and an idea for the creation of a British-led armed force in Kuwait.Primarily, the file contains internal correspondence between British officials, but it also contains translated copies of correspondence between Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, the ruler of Kuwait and the British Political Agent in Kuwait, as well as correspondence between the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the British Embassy in Baghdad.1 volume (225 folios)File is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end.Serial numbers in red crayon refer to entries in the notes at the rear of the file.Condition: A bound correspondence volume.Foliation: The file's main foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is present between ff 3-89A; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.The file contains the following foliation errors: 2, 2A, and 2B; 89, and 89A and the following folio is omitted: 190.
The volume contains correspondence relating to a meeting between King Faisal of Iraq and King Ibn Sa‘ud of Najd and Hejaz, overseen by the British. The main correspondents are Sidney Webb, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Francis Humphrys, High Commissioner of Iraq, Harold Dickson, Political Agent at Kuwait, Hugh Biscoe, Political Resident at Bushire, the Government of India, British Chargé d'Affaires at Jeddah, Charles Prior, Political Agent at Bahrain, Robert Clive, British Minister at Tehran, Captain Boyes, Commander of the
Triad(at one point Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf), Captain Marr, Commander of the
Patrick Stewart, Captain J. M. Alleyne, Commander of the
Lupin(also at one point Senior Naval Officer), members of the Iraqi Government, and Ibn Sa‘ud.The documents cover the following matters:the planning and preparations for the meeting, including transporting attendees overland and by sea;the costs of the meeting and who will bear them;what subjects are suitable for discussion during the meeting, in particular the repatriation of a rebel leader, Ibn Mashhur;the outcome of the meeting;an unplanned visit to Bahrain by Ibn Sa‘ud, against British wishes.Notable within the volume are the following documents:a report by Alleyne, Senior Naval Officer, on the meeting (folios 164-172);Humphrys' report on the meeting (folios 182-84);a translation of an article in the Najd and Hejaz newspaper
Umm al-Qura,dated 28 November 1930, that contains a detailed account of the meeting (folios 192-98).Folios 199-201 are internal office notes.1 volume (208 folios)The volume is arranged chronologically.Foliation: the main foliation sequence runs from front to back (excluding covers), with encircled, pencilled numbers written in the top right corner of each folio. Foliation anomalies: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C; 104, 104A. An earlier and intermittent foliation sequence appears in the same position, in which the numbers are not circled.
The volume contains correspondence, memorandums, and newspaper cuttings relating to a proposed Baghdad to Basra railway, an extension of the German Berlin to Baghdad Railway. Much of the correspondence has been forwarded to the Residency by the Foreign Department of the Government of India and is between Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Francis Bertie, British Ambassador to France, Louis Mallet, Assistant Under-secretary of State for Near and Middle Eastern Affairs, Charles Marling, British Ambassador to Persia, Arthur Nicolson, Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Henry Babington Smith, President of the National Bank of Turkey, Gerard Lowther, British Ambassador to Constantinople, Rifaat Pasha, Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Edgar Speyer, railway financier, George Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia, Edward Goschen, British Ambassador to Berlin, Henry Cumberbatch, British Consul General in Turkey, George Barclay, British Minister to Persia, the Board of Trade, and William Graham Greene, Permanent Secretary to the Board of Admiralty. There is also correspondence between Percy Cox, Political Resident at Bushire, Rear-Admiral Edmond Slade, Stuart Knox, Political Agent at Bahrain, and William Shakespear, Political Agent at Kuwait.The volume covers the discussions prior to formal negotiations between Britain and the Ottoman Turks brought about by the Baghdad Railway and its proposed extension to the Persian Gulf. The issues and subjects involved are:the proposed route of the railway;control and ownership of the section between Baghdad and Basra;location of the terminus, and who will control it, including Slade's report (ff. 64-74) on the suitability of Basra;a proposed increase to customs duty in the region;irrigation of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;the contract to transport rail materials by the rivers;the status of Kuwait, particularly regarding Turkish and British suzerainty and influence.Throughout the volume there are newspaper cuttings from English periodicals that relate to the Baghdad Railway and negotiations around it.Folio 47 is a rough sketch map of the peninsula Ras Tanurah. Folio 230 is a fold-out map of the proposed route of the railway and irrigation of the rivers.2 volumes (334 folios)The volume is arranged chronologically. At the beginning (folios 2-5) is a subject index. It is in no particular order and organised under a few broad headings. The numbers refer to folio numbers of the secondary, earlier sequence.Foliation: The file consists of two volumes (parts one and two) and the foliation runs through both. The main foliation sequence commences at the title page of part one and terminates at the fifth folio from the back of part two; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be predominantly found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence runs between ff. 8-291A; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence. There are the following irregularities: 7 and 7A; 13 and 13A; 15 and 15A; 16, 16A and 16B; 17 and 17A; 18, 18A and 18B; 20, 20A and 20B; 21, 21A and 21B; 52, 52A, 52B, 52C; 53, 53A, 53B and 53C; 54, 54A, 54B and 54C; 55, 55A and 55B; 56, 56A and 56B; 57 and 57A; 290 and 290A.
The volume contains letters, telegrams, and memorandums pertaining to Anglo-Turkish negotiations brought on by the Baghdad Railway and particularly the extension to Basra. Correspondents include: Percy Cox, Political Resident at Bushire, William Shakespear, Political Agent at Kuwait, Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Louis Mallet, Assistant Under-secretary of State for Near and Middle Eastern Affairs, Charles Marling, British Ambassador to Persia, Gerard Lowther, British Ambassador to Constantinople, George Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia, Admiral Edmond Slade, the Board of Trade, the Government of India, the India Office, and several private companies, including Trans-Atlantic Trust Company, Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Imperial Ottoman Bank, and Imperial Persian Bank.The form of the negotiations was a series of memorandums containing proposals and counter-proposals. The issues and subjects discussed are:ownership and control of the line;custom duty increases in the region;navigation of the Shatt al-Arab, including the establishment of a commission to oversee this;transport of railway materials by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;delimitation of the Turkish-Persian border;status and territorial limit of Kuwait;other Gulf matters, including the statuses of Bahrain and Qatar, the suppression of arms traffic, piracy, and slavery, and the protection of pearl fisheries.Folios 261-262 are a map showing the proposed territorial limits of Kuwait.1 volume (268 folios)The volume is arranged chronologically. At the beginning (ff. 3-4) is a subject index, in no particular order but grouped under several broad headings. The numbers refer to folio numbers from the secondary, earlier sequence.Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using circled pencil numbers positioned in the top-right corner of each recto. There are two earlier foliation systems running through parts of the volume. The first uses uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto pages, and the top-left corner of verso pages. This foliation system numbers pages if they have content on them, which is the case for all rectos and some versos. This foliation system appears intermittently through most of the volume. The other foliation system uses circled blue pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto pages, and appears from folios 5 to 42. Numerous printed materials contained in the volume have their own internal pagination systems. The following foliation irregularities occur: 1a, 34a, 51B, 219B, 250B.
The volume contains correspondence, memorandums, maps and newspaper cuttings relating to a proposed Baghdad to Basra railway, an extension of the German Berlin to Baghdad Railway. Correspondents include: Percy Cox, Political Resident at Bushire, William Shakespear, Political Agent at Kuwait, Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Francis Bertie, British Ambassador to France, Louis Mallet, Assistant Under-secretary of State for Near and Middle Eastern Affairs, Arthur Nicolson, Permanent Under-secretary for Foreign Affairs, Gerard Lowther, British Ambassador to Constantinople, George Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia, Edward Goschen, British Ambassador to Berlin, the Board of Trade, William Graham Greene, Permanent Secretary to the Board of Admiralty, the Government of India, the India Office, and Sheikh Mubarak of Kuwait.The volume covers the discussion over various matters, with numerous draft conventions and agreements sent back and forth between the various governmental offices and departments. Documents relating to Cox's successful attempts to obtain the acceptance of the agreement from Sheikh Khazal of Mohammerah and Sheikh Mubarak of Kuwait are also included. The issues discussed as matters for agreement with Turkey include:the status of Kuwait, including territorial limits and relations with Britain and Ottoman Turkey;the conservancy of the Shatt al-Arab, including the establishment of a Navigation Commission;the ownership and control of the Baghdad Railway and the question of its extension beyond Basra;the boundary between Turkish Arabia and Persia;other Persian Gulf matters such as Turkish power and influence in Katr [Qatar] and Bahrain.Other subjects that feature are Sheikh Mubarak's temporary illness, and reports of the dispatch of Turkish troops to Qatar, contrary to agreements.1 volume (355 folios)The volume is arranged chronologically.Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using circled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto pages. There is an earlier foliation system that runs through the volume, using pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto pages, as well as the top-left corner of any verso pages bearing written or printed matter.The following anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 104b, 278a.The following folios are foldouts: 1 (attached to inside front cover), 14, 15, 25, 46, 66, 82, 83, 89, 92, 125, 126, 208, 218-22, 231, 294, 338, 340.
The volume contains letters, telegrams, maps, and newspaper cuttings relating to Anglo-Turkish negotiations over the Baghdad Railway, status of Kuwait, and other Persian Gulf matters. The correspondence is between Lionel Haworth, British Consul for Arabistan, Percy Cox, Political Resident at Bushire (later Stuart Knox as acting Political Resident), the Government of India, Henry Babington Smith, President of the National Bank of Turkey, Louis Mallet, British Ambassador to Turkey, the British Consulate at Adana, Hugh O'Beirne, Counsellor to the British Embassy in Russia, Richard von Kühlmann, Councillor of the German Embassy in London, Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, the India Office, the Board of Trade, William Grey, Political Agent at Kuwait, the British Consulate at Basra, Arnold Wilson, Civil Commissioner in Iraq, and Ibn Sa‘ud, ruler of Najd and its dependencies. Some of the correspondence comes as enclosures.The documents relate to the latter stages of negotiations and partly consist of drafts and counter-drafts of the eventual agreement, which was never ratified because of the outbreak of the First World War. They also reflect Britain's involvement in the agreement between the Ottoman Turks and the Baghdad Railway Company. Also covered is a discussion about what to do in case of Sheikh Mubarak of Kuwait's sudden death and territorial claims made by Ibn Sa‘ud on what may be Kuwaiti land.1 volume (104 folios)The volume is arranged chronologically. At the beginning (folio 1c) is a subject index, arranged alphabetically. The numbering refers to the folio.Foliation: The volume has been foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using pencil numbers positioning in the top-right corner of recto pages. One document (folios 7-34) is an extract from a printed item that has its own internal pagination system, running from 125-179, before continuing from 180-205 (folios 38-50). The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 52a, 59a. There is one foldout in the volume, at folio 2.
The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams and letters regarding the question of the relative rank of Royal Navy Commanders and Foreign Consuls in the Gulf for special occasions such as Durbars, processions and other public ceremonies under the direct control of the Government of India. The volume also contains correspondence regarding the Queens-Empress’s Day, specifically how it was celebrated in Muscat, the number of gun salutes required, and whether to invite Foreign Consuls in Muscat to dress their flag on the day or not.The Political Agent, Muscat, the Political Resident, Bushire, and other officials of the Government of India discussed the attitude of the French Consul on the anniversary of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India, and they also discussed the number of gun salutes to the President of the Council of Ministers, the Ministers and to the Chiefs in the Persian Gulf collectively and individually. Other correspondents in the volume are the French Consul at Muscat, and the Secretary to the Government of India, Marine Department.1 volume (106 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 108; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 7-58; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The file contains correspondence, telegrams, statements, and memoranda regarding incidents of arms and ammunition smuggling in Kuwait.The file contains: lists of arms and ammunition smuggled; lists of people purchasing arms and ammunition in Kuwait in 1919-1920; 'Report of the Conference held at Karachi in August 1921 on the Arms Traffic in the Persian Gulf' (folios 62-65), containing details on routes via sea and land and on the principal outlets for arms smuggling in the area. The file also contains a printed copy of the 1919
Convention for the Control of the Trade in Arms and Ammunition and Protocol, in English and French (folios 166-183).The principal correspondents are: British India Steam Navigation Company; the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Salim bin Mubarak Al Sabah; the High Commissioner for Iraq in Baghdad; the Intelligence Officer in the Persian Gulf, at Bushire; and the Political Agent in Kuwait.There are numerous letters and statements in Arabic within the file, mostly correspondence with the Ruler of Kuwait, sometimes with English translation. The file also contains letters and reports in French, from the Bushire Customs.1 file (225 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file. There is an index at the end of the file, on folio 226. The index contains names of people and subjects which appear in the file, and folio numbers referring to the additional foliation.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 227; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-225; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
A publication comprising copies of correspondence, principally between HM Minister at Tehran, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, HM Ambassador to Russia, and various representatives of the Persian Government. The item also contains extracts from the Monthly Summaries of Events, submitted by HM Minister at Tehran.1 item (127 folios)A table of contents can be found at folios 9-18.
In continuation of Persia No 1 (1910): Cd 5120.Consisting of copy correspondence and memoranda between HM Minister at Tehran, HM Councillor at Tehran, HM Ambassador to Russia, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and the Persian Government.1 item (66 folios)A contents page can be found at folios 3v-8v.
In continuation of 'Persia No 5 (1912): Cd 6264'.Consists of correspondence and memoranda, primarily between HM Minister at Tehran, HM Ambassador at St Petersburg, the Admiralty, the India Office Political Department, and the Government of Persia.1 item (171 folios)A table of contents can be found at folios 335v-350v
A publication comprising copies of correspondence, principally between HM Minister at Tehran, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, HM Ambassador to Russia, and various representatives of the Persian Government. The item also contains extracts from the Monthly Summaries of Events, submitted by HM Minister at Tehran.1 item (74 folios)A table of contents can be found at folios 128-135.
In continuation of Persia No 1 (1911): Cd 5656.Consists of correspondence and memoranda, primarily between HM Minister at Tehran, HM Ambassador to Russia, HM Councillor at Tehran, the Russian Minister at Tehran, and the Persian Government.1 item (98 folios)A table of contents can be found at folios 76-84.
In continuation of 'Persia No 3 (1912): Cd 6104.Consists of correspondence and memoranda, primarily between HM Minister at Tehran, HM Councillor at Tehran, HM Minister at St Petersburg, HM Councillor at St Petersburg, and the Persian Government.1 item (84 folios)A table of contents can be found at folios 174v-182v
In continuation of 'Persia No 4 (1912): Cd 6015'.Consists of correspondence and memoranda, primarily between HM Minister at Tehran, HM Ambassador to St Petersburg, the India Office Political Department, the Admiralty, and the Russian Ambassador to Tehran.1 item (75 folios)A table of contents can be found at folios 260-268
This volume concerns the geography, political history and economic conditions of Persia and was published by the Historical Section of the Foreign Office in June 1919.It is divided into three sections: 'Geography Physical and Political'(folios 4-8); 'Political History'(folios 9-32); 'Social and Political Conditions' (folios 33-36) and 'Economic Conditions' (folios 37-64). In Appendix, extract from treaties, in English and French, and statistic tables regarding trade in Persia 1910-1915.1 volume (78 folios)There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio with text, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 78. There is also an original pagination, from 1 to 149.
Correspondence relating to negotiations over revisions in the tariff questions relating to the proposed tarrif treaty with Muscat. Includes correspondence relating to negotiations with France, United States, Irish Free State and Canada. Arabic terminology is discussed relating to alcohol and tobacco and the Sultan's understanding of specific terms in English relating to alcohol such as "under proof". Also contains a number of letters in Arabic with translations in English from Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr], Sultan of Muscat; a few letters in French from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the British Embassy, Muscat.An annex to the file (35/146) consists of printed confidential letters, 1929-1930, relevant to the finances of the sultanate.Correspondents include Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr], Sultan of Muscat; Percy Gordon Loch, Political Resident Persian Gulf; Major Ralph Ponsonby Watts, Political Agent Muscat; Major Claude Edward U Bremner, Political Agent Muscat; John Charles Walton, India Office, Whitehall. Alfred Wiseman, Dominions Office, London; Maurice J Clauson, India Office, London.1 file (211 folios)The foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Foliation errors: 1, 1A and 1B. Foliation omissions: 145 and 148
The report was printed for the Committee of Imperial Defence, November 1911, and approved on 14 December 1911. It concerns the situation in the Persian Gulf regarding the extent to which Turkish claims aligned with British interests, and engagements already made with the Sheikh of Koweit [Kuwait] and other chiefs.It includes the following:Report - The Standing Sub-Committee advise on the terminus of the Baghdad Railway, control of the navigation of the Shat-Al-Arab [Shatt al Arab], and the limits of Turkish sovereignty in the Shat-Al-Arab and on the shores of the Gulf.Proceedings - minutes of the First Meeting, 24 May 1911; and minutes of the Second Meeting, 15 June 1911.The following appendices are also contained in the report:I. Memorandum on Turkish aggression in the Persian Gulf, by the Foreign Office.II. Memorandum on local action in the Persian Gulf, by the General Staff, War Office.III. Letter on the Shat-Al-Arab and Koweit, from the Naval Commander-in-chief, East Indies, to the Government of India.IV. Report of the Inter-Departmental Conference on the Baghdad Railway terminus, by the Foreign Office, 1907.V. Foreign Office correspondence on the frontier of Muhamrah (Mohammerah)[Khorramshahr].VI. Memorandum on the Turco-Persian boundary question 1833-1906, by the Foreign Office.VII. Foreign Office correspondence on the frontier of Mohammerah, 1906-1911.Some treaty extracts and agreements are in French.Also contains three maps:f 25: 'MAP OF MOHAMMERAH AND DISTRICT PREPARED IN 1850'f 43: 'Sketch of APPROACHES TO KUWEIT HARBOUR AND SHATT AL ARAB'f 44: 'PERSIAN GULF AND ADJACENT COUNTRIES'1 volume (43 folios)The file consists of a single report and three accompanying maps. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff 3-4) references the volume’s original printed pagination.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 45; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file is a continuation from the previous file concerning the events of the 1913 uprising of the Ibāḍī imamate and the tribes of the interior of Oman under the leadership Sālim bin Rāshid al-Kharūṣī against the authority of the Sultans of Muscat and Oman, al-Sayyid Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd and Taymūr bin Fayṣal Āl Bū Sa‘īd, and the subsequent intervention and deployment of British Indian troops of the 2nd Rajput Regiment stationed at Bushire. The correspondence is between Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, and Major Stuart George Knox, Political Agent at Muscat, and later between Knox as officer on special duty as Resident in the Perisan Gulf, and Liutenant-Colonel Robert Aruthur Edward Benn, Political Agent at Muscat.Subjects included are: the illness of the Sultan (f 2); Muscat Arms Warehouse (ff 12-13, 18-22); the death of Sultan (f 11); succession following the death of the Sultan by his son (ff 16-17, 24, 43-44); funeral of the late Sultan (f 30) blockade of Muscat and the Batinah coast [al-Bāṭinah] (f 23); relations with the French Consul (f 45); Special Diary of the events connected with the Imam’s rising for the period 29 March to 5 April (ff 70-74); movements of the Sultan and the Imam; assistance from Shaikh Hamdan bin Zaid [Ḥamdān bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān] and other Trucial Coast chiefs (ff 120-121).There are also various extracts from Muscat News.1 file (122 folios)This file is arranged approximately in chronological order.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the cover and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present in the volume between ff. 2-122; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to a loan made to the Persian Government in April 1903, and further advances made during 1904 and 1905.The discussion in the volume relates to the terms of the loan agreements including possible concessions and collateral that could be secured against them; and agreements with the Imperial Bank of Persia through whom the money was loaned. Also discussed is the definition of the term 'Fars and the Persian Gulf' in relation to customs duties, as this was one of the concessions that the 1903 loan was secured against.Further discussion surrounds loans and advances which the Persian Government were negotiating with the Russian Government; and a proposal for an irrigation scheme on the Karun River which was considered as a possible concession in return for a further loan advance.Included in the volume is a copy of the
Règlement Douaniersigned on the 29 August 1904 between representatives of the Persian Government and His Majesty's Government (ff 193-232).The principal correspondents in the volume include the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Lord Lansdowne, Sir Edward Grey), the British Minister to Persia (Sir Arthur Henry Hardinge), the Under Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Charles Hardinge, Sir Thomas Henry Sanderson), and for India (Earl Percy, Sir Arthur Godley), the Viceroy of India (Lord Curzon of Keddleston), the Secretary to the Political and Secret Department of the India Office (Sir Richmond Richie) and the London Manager of the Imperial Bank of Persia (George Newell).The volume is part 1 of 4. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (526 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2410 (Persia Loans) consists of 4 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/8-11. The volumes are divided into 4 parts with each part comprising one volume.The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 526; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume comprises correspondence, telegrams, despatches, notes and memoranda relating to financial loans made by the Governments of Great Britain and Russia to the Government of Persia from 1901 to 1905; and potential loans to be made during 1906 and 1907.The volume discusses the failure of the Persian Government to meet repayment schedules for existing loans and the securities such as customs revenue and concessions which the loans were guaranteed against.Also discussed in the volume are a possible joint Anglo-Russian loan to the Persian Government, which was eventually dismissed owing to the illness and subsequent death of the Shah (Muẓaffari’d-Dīn Shāh Qājār) in January 1907.The principal correspondents in the volume are the British Ambassador to Persia (Sir Cecil Spring Rice), the British Ambassador to Russia (Sir Arthur Nicolson), the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey), and representatives of the India Office, Foreign Office, and Treasury.Other correspondents include the Chargé d’Affaires for the British Legation at Tehran (Evelyn Grant Duff), the Russian Imperial Minister for Foreign Affairs (Count Alexander Petrovich Izvolsky) and his Assistant Minister (Count Alexander Petrovich Izvolsky), and the Secretary of State for India (Sir John Morley). Also included is correspondence with the Manager (George Newell) and Chairman (Sir Lepel Griffin) of the Imperial Bank of Persia through whom British loans to the Persian Government had been arranged.The volume is part 2 of 4. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (527 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2410 (Persia Loans) consists of 4 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/8-11. The volumes are divided into 4 parts with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 527; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume comprises telegrams, correspondence, notes, reports, and memoranda regarding the question of the settlement of the French flag dispute between the British and French governments following the award of the arbitration tribunal at The Hague on the question of the grant of the French flag to Muscat dhows.The principal subject of discussion is the negotiations which took place at Muscat between the British and French Consuls to finalise and agree a list of dhow-owners who would continue to be permitted to carry French papers and fly the French flag under the arbitration award.Also discussed in the volume is an attempt by the French Government to claim that Omanis in the service of French subjects should also be permitted to fly the French flag and the British Government’s dispute of this claim.The volume concludes with the issuing of a proclamation by the Sultan of Muscat (Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd) regarding the settlement of the French flag question.The principal correspondents in the volume are the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat (William George Grey, and William Henry Irvine Shakespear); the Viceroy of India (Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Percy Zachariah Cox); the French Ambassador to the United Kingdom (Paul Cambon); the French Consul at Muscat (Lucien-Ernest-Roger Laronce); and representatives of the Foreign Office and the India Office.The volume is part 2 of 3. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (336 folios)The subject 733 (Muscat Arbitration) consists of 3 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/25-27. The volumes are divided into 6 parts with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume each, and parts 3, 4, 5, and 6 comprising the third volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 334; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume comprises correspondence, despatches, memoranda, notes and reports on the financial situation in Persia and the possibility of a joint Anglo-Russian loan to the Persian Government. The terms of the joint loan, including financial reforms which would have to be undertaken by the Persian Government, are discussed in detail.Included in the volume are summaries of the financial situation from 1903 onwards, records of the loans made to the Persian Government in 1903 and 1904 and repayments made against them, and discussion on the Persian Government’s difficulties in paying their debts. Also discussed is a request from the Persian Government in 1910 for a conversion loan from the Imperial Bank of Persia in order to consolidate their debts.The principal correspondents are the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey), the British Minister in Tehran (Sir Charles Murray Marling, Sir George Heard Barclay) and the British Ambassador to Russia (Sir Arthur Nicolson), along with representatives of the India Office, Foreign Office and Treasury.Other correspondents include the Russian Imperial Minister for Foreign Affairs (Count Alexander Petrovich Izvolsky), the French Financial Adviser to the Persian Government (Eugène Bizot) and the Belgian Administrator-General of Persian Customs (Joseph Mornard).The correspondence from the Government departments from May 1910 onwards contains a thick black border according to official mourning protocol following the death of King Edward VII on 6 May 1910.The volume is part 3 of 4. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (605 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2410 (Persia Loans) consists of 4 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/8-11. The volumes are divided into 4 parts with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 605; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The item discusses a proposal to revise the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation signed between Great Britain and Muscat in 1892.The correspondence includes the opinions of the India Office, the Government of India, the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, the Board of Trade, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat, and the Sultan of Muscat on the revisions required for the treaty.The item concludes with the decision not to revise the 1891 Treaty, instead agreeing to an extension of the existing treaty for a further five years from February 1914.Also discussed are questions arising from the proposed revision:the protection of Goanese subjects of Portugal in Muscat;the protection extended by the French Government to subjects of Christian powers residing at Muscat who did not have their own consul.This is part 3 of 6. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 item (141 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 208, and terminates at f 349, as part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume discusses the financial situation in Persia and proposals put forward in 1910 and 1911 for loans to the Persian Government from private sources.Initial offers of loans to the Persian Government were made by Messrs M Samuel and Company, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, a consortium led by Charles William Wallace, Messrs Seligman Brothers, and the Imperial Bank of Persia. The offers from Messrs Seligman Brothers and the Imperial Bank of Persia were taken forward and put to the Persian Mejdliss [Majlis] in 1911.Also discussed in the volume are loans made by the British Government and Government of India in 1903 and 1904, including their agreed repayment schedule and interest rates.Further discussion also relates to relations between Great Britain and Russia in respect to Persia and both Countries' attitudes towards the financial situation there.The principal correspondents include the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the British Ambassador to Persia (Charles Murray Marling, Sir George Head Barclay, Sir Walter Beaupre Townley); the British Ambassador to Russia (Sir Arthur Nicolson, Sir George William Buchanan, Hugh O’Beirne); representatives of the Foreign Office and India Office; Messrs Seligman Brothers; and the Imperial Bank of Persia (George Newell, Sir Thomas Jackson, Augustus Ottiwell Wood).This volume is part 4 of 4. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.The subject continues in files IOR/L/PS/10/220 and IOR/L/PS/10/353-355.1 volume (511 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2410 (Persia Loans) consists of 4 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/8-11. The volumes are divided into 4 parts with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 511; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file contains correspondence and reports from the Government of India, External Department, the Foreign Office, the Secretary of State for India, the British Embassy at Tehran, the Minister of State in Cairo, the Ministry of Labour and National Service, and the British Consulates in Tabriz, Bandar Abbas, Zahidan [Zahedan, Iran], and Isfahan, on the subject of working conditions in Iran.The file also contains:a translation of the regulations drafted by the Iranian Ministry of Commerce & Industry (ff 95-97);details of arrangements for the welfare of workers, rates of pay, and cost of living figures for Iran in 1942;copies of the reports
Labour and industrial conditions in Farsand
Labour and trade union movements in Persia;extracts from
Iran,and
Journal de Tehran, in English and French.1 file (109 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 109; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file contains correspondence from the Government of India, External Department, the Foreign Office, the Comite National Francais in London, the Ministère des Affaires étrangères de Belgique, the British Embassy in Belgium, the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands Foreign Office, the Polish Embassy in London, the British Embassy in Yugoslavia, and the Ministère des Affaires étrangères du Royaume de Yougoslavie, to secure facilities for the entry into and departure from Egypt of members of the Allied forces. There is correspondence, in English and French, requesting extension of the agreements to French, Belgian, Norwegian, Czechoslovak, Polish and Yugoslav forces.1 file (28 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 28; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis of Persian Arabistan affairs. It was prepared by Judge Jerome Antony Saldanha of the Bombay Provincial Civil Service, and published in 1903 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.The contents of the volume run as follows:Chapter 1, entitled
Internal affairs, 1876-1904, including: early history of the region, up until 1873; early history of the Kaab tribe; murder of Shaikh Lufti, Kaab chief; death of Haji Jabir Khan, Governor of Mohammerah [Khorramshahr], and Shaikh Mizal’s succession; local chiefs and governors between 1878 and 1883; Govenor-Generals of Arabistan; trouble in the Kaab districts, and release of Shaikh Mizal’s brother Mahomed; disturbances in Arabistan and Persian intrigues, 1888; narrative of events, 1891-97; murder of Shaikh Mizal [Maz’al bin Jabir bin Merdaw al-Ka’bi] and succession of his brother, Shaikh Khazal [Khaz’al bin Jabir bin Merdaw al-Ka’bi], 1897.2.
Karun river[Rūd-e Kārūn]
navigation and irrigation schemes, 1871-79, including a history of the navigation and irrigation schemes, 1871-77; proposed railways from Rehst [Rasht] to Teheran, and from Teheran to the Karan river; question of navigation of the Karun, 1878-79.3.
Karun river navigation and irrigation schemes, 1881-83, including: an historical overview; navigability; trade routes; general remarks. Four appendices follow chapter 3: A) Reports by Colonel Edward Ross, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, on the Karun river navigation; reports by Captain Henry Wells on the Ahwaz canal; memoranda on the Karun river by Sir Henry Rawlinson; a report comparing routes from Ispahan [Eşfahān] to the sea, by Captain Wells; and Felix Vauvillier’s scheme for establishing water communication between Kermanshah [Khorramshahr] and Dizful [Dezfūl] (in French).4.
Opening of the Karun to navigation of all nations, 1888-89.5.
Obstacles in the way of the British enterprise on the Karan river, including: the erection of warehouses and business premises on the banks of the river; misunderstanding over tonnage dues and certification; charges against Mr John Gaskin over irregular conduct and his employment of private servants; navigation of the Upper Karun; rival enterprises and intrigues of the Shaikh of Mohammerah; embargo on grain; fanatical outbreaks of local tribes and Persian soldiers against British interest.6
. Karun river subsidy, 1890-1900.7.
Appointment of consular officers in Arabistan, including: the appointment of Mr William McDouall as Vice-Consul for Mohammerah, 1890; the appointment of Major Edmund Boteler Burton to act for McDouall; the appointment of Lieutenant David Lorimer as Vice-Consul for Arabistan; the appointment of a consular surgeon for Arabistan; headquarters and accommodation for the Vice-Consul and Consular Surgeon at Arabistan; attack on Lieutenant Lorimer and Colonel Douglas.8.
Construction of roads in aid of the Karun river trade.9.
Desire of Shaikh Khazal to place himself under British protection: interference of Belgian customs administration in Mohammerah Customs and British intervention, 1898-1904, including Shaikh Khazal seeks British protection, 1898-99; proposed establishment of Persian customs at Mohammerah and Shaikh Khazal’s appeal to the British 1900-04; presence of Belgian customs boats on the Shat el-Arab, 1904.10.
Attempted change in the system of collection of customs on the Karun river, 1902-03.11.
Disturbed state of Arabistan: attacks on the Shushan[
Sūsa]
: measures for its protection.12.
Restoration of Ancient Elam: projected irrigation works in Arabistan, 1903-04.The appendix at the end of the volume is a memorandum on the Kaab tribe and Mohammerah, dated 6 January 1844, and written by Sir Henry Rawlinson, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia.1 volume (65 folios)The volume is arranged into twelve chapters (identified by Roman numerals), which are followed by an appendix. Between chapters 3 and 4 there are a further five appendices, relating specifically to the contents of chapter 3. Most chapters are divided up by subheadings, and all chapters (not appendices) have numbered paragraphs. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 336 at the end of the twelfth chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (f 5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referred to by their paragraph, rather than page, numbers. Appendices are also listed on the contents page.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
This file consists of correspondence between British officials in Bushire, Sharjah, Tehran and Simla. The main correspondents include: the Political Resident Persian Gulf, Senior Naval Officer Persian Gulf; Minister for Foreign Affairs of Persian Government.The file includes reports on two dhows that left Ajman on the Trucial Coast with food for pearl banks. They were stopped by the Persian Customs Director at Farur who confiscated rupees and pearls; it ordered the second dhow to proceed to Lingah with police on board. The dhow returned to Ajman and the Shaikh imprisoned the police; only the presence of a British ship prevented Ajman from sending an armed force. The Political Resident Persian Gulf noted that it was 'undesirable that Persian officials should correspond with Trucial Shaikhs'. Following discussions with the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Persian Government the matter was resolved and arrangements made for the Persian Custom Authorities at Bushire for transfer of the confiscated rupees. The file includes the Shaikh of Ajman's original letter in Arabic to the Residency Agent, Sharjah and English translation.1 volume (89 folios)Foliation: The foliation sequence consists of pencil numbers located in the top right corner of each folio. Foliation begins at the first telegram on number 1 and runs through to 89, ending on the inside of the back cover of the volume. Foliation omission: There is no folio 10.
The item consists of a declaration concerning the Turco-Persian boundary, and how the boundary line should be fixed. It was signed by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Edward Grey) and the Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire (Ibrahim Hakki Pasha) on 29 July 1913.The main body of the document is in French.Also includes three maps:IOR/W/L/PS/18/B381 (iii) – 'SKETCH MAP SHOWING TURCO-PERSIAN FRONTIER WEST AND SOUTH OF HAWIZEH'.IOR/W/L/PS/18/B381 (iv) - 'SKETCH MAP OF MUHAMMAREH TO INDICATE THE TURCO-PERSIAN BOUNDARY'.IOR/W/L/PS/18/B381 (v-vi) – 'MAP OF THE SHATT-AL-'ARAB & BAHMANSHĪR, INCLUDING MUHAMMAREH & 'ABBÁDÁN'.1 item (2 folios)
The item consists of a collection of documents signed by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Edward Grey) and the Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire (Ibrahim Hakki Pasha) on 29 July 1913.It contains the following: a convention concerning the establishment of a commission to improve the conditions of navigation from Shatt al-Arab; a list of lighthouses and buoys on Shatt al-Arab; a series of declarations concerning the question of the border that separates the Persian and Ottoman territories from the region of Haouizé [Hoveyzeh] to the sea, and navigation on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; and agreements between the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire on Koueit [Kuwait], El Katr [Qatar], Bahreine [Bahrain], Golfe Persique [Persian Gulf], and the commission of delimitation.It also includes translations of agreements with the Sheikh of Koweit [Shaikh of Kuwait] dated 1899, 1900, and 1904, on protecting British interests, along with correspondence between Edward Grey and Tewfik Pasha regarding these agreements and railways in Asiatic Turkey.The majority of text is in French, with some English.Also includes two maps:IOR/W/L/PS/18/B381 (i) – 'MAP TO SHOW THE LIMITS OF KOWEIT AND ADJACENT COUNTRY'.IOR/W/L/PS/18/B381 (ii) – 'SKETCH MAP OF THE PERSIAN GULF & ARABIAN COAST'.1 item (8 folios)
The item consists of a concession for navigation on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which sets out terms and conditions.It was signed by the Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire (Ibrahim Hakki Pasha) and Baron Inchcape (James Lyle Mackay) – on behalf of the Secretary of State for India, on 12 December 1913.The main body of the document is in French.1 item (7 folios)
This item consists of an agreement drawn up by the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (Ibrahim Hakki Pasha) and A P (on behalf of the King), to avoid future disputes regarding the transportation of goods by railway in Asiatic Turkey.The main body of the document is in French.1 item (2 folios)
The file contains journal articles, correspondence, papers and memorandum relating to russian involvement in Asia 1850s-1860s and Pelly's mission to Herat and Afghanistan in 1760.The material relating to Russian involvement and influences in Asia primarily consists of journal articles, in french, from the journal
Revue des deux mondeslooking at Russian expansion into both the Caucasus and the Far East, along with a newspaper article and handwritten observations made by Lewis Pelly. There is also an article in french from the same journal regarding French interests in Asia.The material in the file relating to Lewis Pelly's mission to Herat and Afghanistan in 1860 includes correspondence with Sultan Ahmed Khan, Governor of Herat; and correspondence and records of conversations with Earl Canning, Viceroy and Governor General of India regarding his mission; matters relating to pay and reimbursement of expenses and observations on matters in Herat, the recent Persian War, and possible threats to India's north-western frontier.Also included in the file is a record of a conversation with Earl Canning regarding Pelly's career and the offer of the position of acting consul at Zanzibar, May 1861.File contains a title card, in Lewis Pelly's handwriting.1 file, 10 items (67 folios)The contents of the file have been arranged chronologically, with the exception of the article at folios 14-27 which had originally been dated as 1860 but was actually printed in 1866. Enclosures to items have been placed directly after the item they are enclosed with.Foliation: The file has been foliated using a pencil number enclosed in a circle located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. There has been some renumbering of the file and former foliation numbers have been crossed through.The file contains three printed journal articles and each of these has their own original printed pagination sequences.Foliation anomaly: 27a
A report concerning a series of meetings held at the Foreign Office in April/May 1913 between Ottoman diplomat Hakki Pasha [Ibrahim Hakki Pasha] and two British officials, Sir Louis du Pan Mallet and Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel.The negotiations concerned the construction of the Gulf section of the Baghdad Railway and broader discussions regarding Ottoman and British interests in the region. Specifically, the report discusses Hakki's responses to various articles contained within in the British Memorandum of 18 July 1912 which the Foreign Office had presented to the Ottoman Ambassador.The file contains a small amount of French quoted within the text, it appears that this is the language in which the negotiations took place.1 volume (2 folios)The file is contained within a bound volume that contains a number of other files.Foliation: The foliation for this report commences at f 87, and terminates at f 88, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-89; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file contains correspondence, reports and memoranda relating to the Baghdad Railway, and papers relating to Britain’s relations with Persia [Iran], and to a lesser extent, the Persian Gulf.Papers relating to the Baghdad Railway include the following memoranda: ‘Memorandum on the Baghdad Railway, and possible British participation therein’; ‘Memoranda containing a Brief Account of the Negotiations relating to the Baghdad Railway, 1898-1905’; and ‘Report (with Maps) on the country adjacent to the Khor Abdullah, and places suitable as Termini of the proposed Baghdad Railway’ (which includes two maps: Mss Eur F111/360, f 32 and Mss Eur F111/360, f 33).The file also includes:Copies of printed despatches from the Marquess of Lansdowne (Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice), Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to Sir Charles Louis des Graz, Secretary of the British Legation, Tehran, dated August 1902, reporting conversations between himself and the Shah of Persia and the Atabeg-i-Azam (also spelled Atabek-i-Azam) concerning Britain’s relations with Persia, including the increase in the Persian Customs TariffHandwritten notes by George Nathaniel Curzon relating to Persia (folios 43 to 50)Newspaper extracts from
The Times, dated January 1902 and May 1903, relating to British interests in Persia and the Persian Gulf, and Russian relations with Persia (folios 54 to 63).The file includes a copy of a letter from Sir Nicholas Roderick O’Conor, British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, to the Marquess of Lansdowne, enclosing an extract from the
Moniteur Orientalof 15 August 1905, regarding the working of the recently completed section of the Baghdad Railway from Konia to Eregli and Boulgourlou, which is in French. The file also includes a copy of a letter from Joseph Naus to Sir Arthur Hardinge, HM Minister to Persia, 3 May 1903, relating to the export of cereals, which is also in French.1 file (64 folios)The papers from folios 1 to 42 are arranged in no apparent order, Curzon’s handwritten notes from folios 44 to 51 are enclosed in an envelope - folio 43, and the newspaper cuttings from folios 54 to 63 are enclosed in an envelope - folio 52.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 64; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume comprises four parts discussing affairs in Muscat which are indirectly related to the Muscat Arbitration discussed in parts 1 and 2:part 3 discusses a possible revision of the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and Muscat, originally signed in 1892;part 4 considers the status of Muscat citizens living overseas and whether they were entitled to British diplomatic assistance;part 5 discusses a dispensary opened in Mutra [Maṭraḥ] by the American Mission hospital, against the wishes of the Sultan of Muscat (Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd);part 6 relates to the proposal to construct a new hospital in Muscat and initial financial donations towards the scheme.The volume comprises parts 3, 4, 5, and 6. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume, 4 items (352 folios)The subject 733 (Muscat) consists of 3 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/25-27. The volumes are divided into 6 parts with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume each, and parts 3,4,5 and 6 comprising the third volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 350; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file consists of a copy of the 'Syria and Mesopotamia: Anglo-French declaration of 8 November 1918'. It is written in French and expresses the wishes of Britain and France to liberate those they feel have been 'too long oppressed by the Turks' by helping them to install functional governments and 'indigenous administrations', and by contributing to their economic development.1 file (1 folio)This file consists of a single document.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 104, and terminates at f 104, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
This volume is a printed report, published by the Government of India Press (Calcutta: 1926), constituting a collection of assurances, undertakings and agreements made by chiefs and Khans of Southern Persia with the British Government and trading companies between 1898 and 1922. The volume is marked 'Confidential' on the front cover and contains a table of contents (folios 4-5). The agreements, some appearing in both Persian and English, are ordered by serial number and they include:No. 1: Undertaking Given by Certain Notables of Luristan in regard to the Construction of Cart Road through Part of their Territory (8 June 1911);No. 2: Correspondence regarding Right of Option Granted to Persian Railway Syndicate by Persian Government for Construction of Certain Railway Lines (9 February 1913, 4 March 1913, and 10 January 1920);No. 3: Memorandum Regarding Concessions for Roads and Railways in South-West Persia up to 1917 (1917);No. 4: Persian Transport Company's Concession for the Construction of a Commercial Road Between Ahwaz and Tehran and the Establishment of a Transport Service thereon (5 August 1890);No. 5: Compensation for Loss of Pilotage Fees, Amounting to Ts. 2000 per annum to be paid to Haidar Khan, Hayat Daudi [Ḥaydar Khān Ḥayāt Dāwūdī], C I E (12 February 1920 and 26 February 1920);No. 6: Agreement Concluded between Messrs. Lynch Bros. and certain Bakhtiari Chiefs for the Construction and Maintenace of a Road from Ahwaz to Isfahan and Shushter [Shushtār] to Isfahan (3 March 1898);No. 7: D'Arcy Oil Concession (28 May 1901);No. 7(a): Translation of the D'Arcy Oil Concession (28 May 1901);No. 8: Agreement Between D'Arcy Syndicate and the Bakhtiari (15 November 1905);No. 8(a): Refusal of Persian Government to Recognize Agreement between the D'Arcy Syndicate and the Bakhriaris (12 January 1906);No. 8(b): Notes on the Bakhtiari Agreement of November 15 1905 (20 October 1906);No. 9: Agreement between Mr W[illiam] K[nox] D'Arcy and the Kili Sayyeds (1 October 1906);No. 10: Agreement between the Oil Company and H. E. Shahab-Es-Sultaneh, Ilbegi [Shihāb al-Sulṭānah Īlbagī] of the Bakhtiar (25 March 1907);No. 11: Land Agreement between the Oil Company and the Bakhtiari Khans (15 May 1911);No. 11(a): Power-of-Attorney Appointing Sardar Muhtesham [Sardār Muḥtasham] and Sardar Bahadur [Sardār Bahādur] as Agents of the Bakhtiari Khans (1910);No. 11(b): The Bakhtiari Khans' Orders to their Tribesmen Regarding the Oil Company's Employees (May 1911);No. 11(c): Undertaking made by the Bakhtiari Khans regarding the Kili Sayyeds (May 1911);No. 12: Agreement for Protection of Pipe-Line (28 April 1911);No. 13: Supplementary Agreement between Mr W K D'Arcy and the Kili Sayyeds (10 February 1911);No. 14: Agreement between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and Parwiz Khan, Gunduzlu [Parvīz Khān Gunduzlū] (20 February 1911);No. 15: Agreement between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Wali of Pusht-i-Kuh (19 September 1919);No. 16: Land Aquisition Agreement between Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Bakhiairi Khans (20 April 1921);No. 17: Agreement between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and Haidar Khan, C I E, of Hayat Daud (6 October 1921, 22 October 1921, and 13 November 1921);No. 18: Agreement between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Kashkuli [Kashkūlī] Khans (14 October 1921);No. 19: Agreement between Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Ilkhani of the Qashgais (20 May 1922).1 volume (52 folios)The assurances, agreements and undertakings compiled in this volume are arranged according to serial number from 1 to 18. These appear roughly in chronological order.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume contains the following two documents:
League of Nations, Conference for the Supervision of the International Trade in Arms and Ammunition and in Implements of War: Convention, Declaration regarding the Territory of Ifni, Protocol on Chemical and Bacteriological Warfare, Protocol of Signature, Final Act(CCIA 91 (2)) and
International Arms Traffic Conference, Geneva, May-June 1925, Report by the Delegates for India.The delegates for India named in the second of these documents are Major-General Sir Percy Zachariah Cox and Colonel W E Wilson-Johnston.The first of these documents is in both French and English.1 volume (65 folios)There are tables of contents towards the front of the first document, on folio 5v; and towards the front of the second, on folio 45v.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 66 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 13, 13A.
The file concerns publicity about Bahrain in newspapers and journals, much of it of a sensitive or critical nature. The sources of the articles are the British and Indian press, the European press (Italian and German newspapers), and the Arabic press (based in Iraq, Egypt, and Syria). The transcripts of articles from the Arabic language press appear in English translations. The transcripts of articles and press summaries are accompanied by correspondence from British officials (especially the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf), Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Bahrain Government, and other officials.The papers include:correspondence between Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch, Political Agent, Bahrain, Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and William Arthur Moore, editor of the
Statesman, Calcutta, dated January - February 1934 and November - January 1935 concerning a proposal that Moore come to Bahrain in 1935 in order to write a series of articles about the Persian Gulf;correspondence relating to the correction of an inaccuracy in an article entitled 'Persian Gulf Oil Wells' published in the
Observerof 15 April 1934, dated May - July 1934;papers relating to an anonymous article critical of Belgrave in the
AlShababnewspaper of Cairo dated 6 October 1937 entitled 'The Country of Bahrain: What Befell her through Colonisation', including attempts to identify the author of the article, November 1937 and August - September 1938, discussion of counter-propaganda, December 1937 - February 1938, and four 'counter-propaganda' articles by Belgrave for insertion in the Arabic press entitled 'Bahrain and what is Said about it', February 1938;papers concerning an extract from the
Bombay Chronicledated 3 January 1938 containing a letter entitled 'Plight of Indians in Bahrain Petroleum Company', in which seven Indian employees had made complaints about working conditions, pay, and accommodation at the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), February - July 1938;press agency reports issued by L'Orient Arabe, Cairo containing details of articles in the Arabic press relating to the Persian Gulf, July - September 1938;translation of anonymous article published in
Al-Rabita El-Arabiahdated 31 August 1938 entitled 'People of Bahrain are Displeased with the Bad Administration of the British Authority';translation of article that appeared in the
Frankfurter Zeitungof 7 August 1938 entitled 'On the Bahrain Islands: the Play for Oil and Power in the Persian Gulf'.The Arabic and French language content of the file is confined to letterheads of L'Orient Arabe, Cairo, apart from an Arabic version of the pseudonym 'Young Man' at the end of the letter on folio 52.The last item of correspondence in the main body of the file is dated 21 September 1938. The closing date in the overall date range is supplied by a note on that item dated 15 November [1938].1 file (316 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file. Occasional serial numbers in pencil and red crayon in the top right hand corner of the recto page of folios refer to entries in the notes at the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the fourth folio after the front cover (the first bearing text) and terminates at 310 on the fourth before the back cover (the last bearing text). The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomaly: ff. 58, 58A. The following folios need to be folded out (to almost A3 size) to be read: ff. 37, 38. In addition, a second, incomplete foliation sequence runs from 31-277 (ff. 39-285). These numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and appear in the same position as the main sequence.
This file contains a selection of correspondence and enclosures compiled by the India Office Political and Secret Department relating to arms traffic in the Persian Gulf from 1897-98.Correspondents include: the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Marquess of Salisbury, the Secretary of State for India, the Chargé d'Affaires in Tehran, the Admiralty, the Viceroy of India, the Government of India, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Sultan of Muscat, and various British merchant companies.The following topics are discussed:measures for the control of trade in arms and ammunition with Muscat;the power of the Crown to prohibit the export of arms and to stop the importation by British subjects or in British vessels;the Customs Consolidation Act and other treaties with Muscat;treaty engagements of Bahrein;the search and seizure of shipments at Muscat and Bushire including the SS
Tripoli, and SS
Baluchistan;the registration of arms;grievances of British merchants over loss of trade.It contains three short treaty extracts in French.1 file (27 folios)This file consists of a single document with re-printed correspondence arranged in chronological order.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 1, and terminates at f 27, it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file contains a selection of correspondence and enclosures compiled by the India Office Political and Secret Department relating to arms traffic in the Persian Gulf from 1897-98.Correspondents include: the Political Agent and Consul at Maskat [Muscat], the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Foreign Office, the Viceroy of India, the Board of Customs, the Consul-General for Fars, the Chargé d'Affaires in Tehran, the India Office, the Government of India, the Secretary of State for India, and various British merchant companies.The following topics are discussed:the seizure of arms on board SS
Baluchistan;an assessment of the current situation regarding arms traffic and steps recently taken for its suppression;British and Persian firms engaged in the arms trade;the confiscation of arms at Bushire;Persian prohibition, and British interests in coming to agreement with the Persian Government and assisting in enforcing Persian regulations;methods of trade;policy for the future;the registration of arms and ammunition;the case of Fracis Times & Co. v. The Sea Insurance Company (Limited)It contains three letters in French.1 file (26 folios)This file consists of a single document with re-printed correspondence arranged chronologically.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 28, and terminates at f 53, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume is a fifth edition of a collection of historic treaties, engagements and sanads (charters) signed between representatives of the British Government or East India Company, and foreign rulers, dignitories or government officials, in the regions of Aden, south west Arabia, the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf, including Muscat and Oman, Baluchistan, and the north-west frontier province (present-day Pakistan). This volume, originally compiled by Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, was revised in 1930 and published in 1933 by the Manager of Publications in Dehli, under the authority of the Government of India.Part 1 contains treaties and engagements relating to Aden and the southwest coast of Arabia:An historical overview of British (and Turkish) involvement in the region, including descriptions of the treaties and engagements signed;The Anglo-Turkish Convention (in French) respecting the boundaries of Aden, dated 9 March 1914;Treaties and conventions, agreed between the years 1802-1917, at Aden and with the Abdali tribe, the Subeihi, Fadhli, Aqrabi, Aulaqi, Irqa, Lower Haura, Beihan, Yafai, Audhali, Haushabi, Alawi, the Amirate of Dhala, the Wahidi, Kathiri, the Sultanate of Mukalla, Soqotra [Suquṭrā] and Qishn, Yemen, and the Idrisi. The treaties cover agreements of commerce, friendship and protection; agreements for the cession or purchase of land, for the abolition of the slave trade, storage of coal, protection of shipwrecked British sailors.Part 2 contains treaties and engagements relating to the Arab principalities of the Persian Gulf, divided into the following areas: 1) The Wahhābī and Nejd [Najd]; 2) Bahrain; 3) The Trucial Arab shaikhs (of Oman); and 4) Kuwait:An historic overview of the agreements made between the British and the region’s rulers, organised by tribes and/or geographical locality;Agreements and treaties signed with the Wahhābī tribe, including: an agreement between the Wahhābī and British Government over aggression towards the Arab tribes, dated 21 April 1866; a series of conventions and treaties agreed in the 1920s, establishing boundaries and relations between the Kingdom of Najd and its neighbours; the Treaty of Jeddah, dated 20 May 1927;Agreements and treaties signed with the ruler of Bahrain, relating to: piracy and slavery (1820), abstention from entering into relations with foreign powers (1880, 1892), arms trafficking, wireless telegraphy (1912), and oil exploitation (1914);Agreements and treaties signed with the shaikhs of the Arab coast, relating to respect for British property (1806), piracy (1820), the slave trade (1838, 1873), the maintenance of maritime peace in perpetuity (1853), the Anglo-Qatar treaty (1916); oil exploitation (1922);Agreement and treaties signed with the ruler of Kuwait, relating to: arms trafficking, exclusive post office rights (1904), pearling and sponge fishing concessions (1911), wireless telegraphy (1912), oil exploitation (1913), boundaries between Kuwait and Najd (1922) and Kuwait and Iraq (1923).Part 3 contains treaties and engagements relating to Oman, chiefly Muscat but also Sohar:An historical overview of the Sultanate of Muscat, and the agreements made between Britain and Muscat;Treaties and conventions, agreed between the years 1798 and 1929, including: the exclusion of the French from the Sultan of Muscat’s territories (1798); suppression of the slave trade (1822, 1873); commerce (1839); cession of the Kuria Muria islands [Jazā'ir Khurīyā Murīyā] (1854); the independence of Zanzibar (1861, 1862); telegraphic communications (1864, 1865); jurisdiction of Indian subjects at Muscat (1873); friendship and commerce (1891); coalfields at Ṣūr (1902); arms traffic (1919); prolongation of the commercial treaty (1891); treaty of peace between the Sultan of Muscat and Chief of Sohar (1839).Part 4 contains treaties and engagements relating to Baluchistan:An historic overview of the region and its districts, including British involvement in Baluchistan, organised by the Kalat [Kelat] Agency, Sibi Agency, and British Baluchistan and its territories;The treaties and conventions listed for Kelat, agreed between the years 1839 and 1925, include: an engagement between the British Government and the Khan of Kelat (1839), the Khan of Kelat’s allegiance and submission to the British Government (1841); various agreements for the protection of the Indo-European telegraph line; cession of lands for the Kandahar Railway (1880), Mushkaf-Bolan Railway (1894) and Nushki Railway (1906); demarcation of the boundary between Persian Baluchistan and Kelat (1896);The treaties and conventions listed for Sibi and British Baluchistan, agreed between the years 1884 and 1897, including: cession to the British Government of rights to petroleum and other mineral oils (1885); agreement on the Bargha and Largha boundary line (1895), grazing fees for animals and responsibility for good behaviour within the British border at Zhob, signed by the Suliman Khel Ghilzai (1897).Part 5 contains treaties and engagements relating to the northwest frontier province:An historic overview of British involvement and administration of the province;The treaties and conventions agreed in the province, arranged as follows : 1) Hazara District; 2) Dir, Swat and Chitral Agency; 3) Peshawar District; 4) Khyber Agency; 5) Kohat District; 6) Kurram Agency; 7) Bannu District; 8) North Waziristan Agency; South Waziristan Agency. The agreements relate to: relations with the British; maintenance of peace; acceptance of terms; protection of borders and communications; commerce; exclusion or expulsion from certain districts of undesirables, including ‘Hindustani fanatics’.The appendices contain a number of treaties signed between foreign rulers, including treaties agreed between Muscat and the United States, French and Dutch Governments, as well as British Parliament acts and memoranda related to the treaties and engagements in the volume.409 foliosThe volume is arranged into five key geographical regions: Aden and the southwest coast of Arabia, the Persian Gulf, Oman (Muscat) and Sohar, Baluchistan, and the northwest frontier province. The main body of the volume, containing the narrative treaties, is arranged into parts covering these five regions. The appendices at the end of the volume is likewise arranged by the five regions.Each part (or region) is further subdivided into a number of smaller units, and in some cases further subdivided into smaller units. These subdivisions can be tribal, geographical and administrative in nature. Within each part, the narrative treaties are numbered with Roman numerals, restarting at I at the beginning of each part.There is a contents page at the front of the volume (ff.2-17) which lists the geographical regions, their subdivisions and treaties. The contents pages refers to the volume’s pagination system. There is a subject index, arranged alphabetically, at the end of the volume (ff.363-405) which also refers to the volume’s pagination system.Foliation: The volume’s foliation sequence uses circled pencil numbers, located in the top-right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio with text, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 405. Total number of folios: 405. Total number of folios including covers and flysheets: 409.Pagination: The volume has a series of printed pagination sequences, expressed in Roman numerals for the contents, appendices and index pages, and in Arabic numerals for the volume’s main content matter. These numbers are located in the top-left corner of versos and the top-right corner of rectos.
The volume is the fifth edition of volume 13 of a collection of historic treaties, engagements and sanads (charters) relating to India and its neighbouring countries, namely Persia and Afghanistan. This volume, originally compiled by Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, was revised in 1930 and published in 1933 by the Manager of Publications in Delhi, under the authority of the Government of India.Part 1 of the volume contains treaties and engagements relating to Persia and dating from between 12 April 1763 and 10 May 1929. The treaties refer to: trade agreements; foreign relations; prohibition and suppression of the slave trade; sovereignty and status of Persian regions; frontier negotiations; foreign concessions; telegraph lines. Part 2 of the volume contains treaties and engagements relating to Afghanistan and dating from between 17 June 1809 and 6 May 1930. The treaties relate to: foreign relations; the establishment of boundaries and frontier negotiations; peace treaties; commercial relations; import of arms. A number of appendices follow part 2, which contain the text of treaties relating to both Persia and Afghanistan.1 volume (289 folios)The volume is arranged into two parts covering Persia and Afghanistan respectively, as are the appendices at the end of the volume. Each part is divided into a number of chapters, identified by Roman numerals, and arranged chronologically, from the earliest treaties to the most recent. At the beginning of each part is a general introduction to the treaties and engagements that follow.There is a contents page at the front of the volume (ff 4-8) which lists the geographical regions and treaties. The contents pages refers to the volume’s pagination system. There is a subject index, arranged alphabetically, at the end of the volume (ff 277-87) which also refers to the volume’s pagination system.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio (except for the front cover where the folio number is on the verso).Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The memorandum concerns events in Persia, and diplomatic exchanges (predominantly between Britain and Russia) related to Persia, during 1906 and 1907. More specifically it covers the following topics:proposals by the Dutch engineer Graadt Van Roggen for a Karun irrigation scheme, and objections from the Persian Government to the Seistan [Sīstān] Water Award;an attack on HM Consulate at Seistan on 28 March 1906, and a separate attack on Colonel Douglas and Captain Lorimer in Luristan [Lorestān];proposals for an increase in the Consular Guard at Ahwaz, Isphanan [Eşfahān], and Shiraz.It also provides information on recent developments in the Persian telegraphic network:a proposed exchange of control of the Meshed [Mashhad]-Seistan and Tehran-Meshed telegraph wires between Britain and Russia;a proposal to secure the renewal of the Indo-European Telegraph's Persian Concession from 1925;proposals to extend the Seistan telegraph to the Indian frontier and install a duplicate wire from Tehran to Shahrud.The following financial topics are also included:efforts to effect the appointment of a French financial adviser to the Persian Government;a concession obtained for the establishment of a German bank at Tehran;a proposed Anglo-Russian loan to the Persian Government (the text of which can be found on folio 77v), and a further proposed advance upon the accession of a new Shah.The appendix (folios 81v-94) contains transcripts of papers (aide-mémoires, correspondence, draft agreements and conventions) illustrating the development of the Anglo-Russian agreement on Persia, see folios 81v-90. It also contains a copy of the text of the Anglo-Russian Agreement on folios 90-93v, and a declaration respecting the Persian Gulf on folio 94. The correspondents include: Sir Edward Grey, Foreign Secretary; Sir Arthur Nicolson, Ambassador to Russia; and Alexander Izvolsky, Russia's Foreign Minister. The appendix is made up of a combination of English and French language material.The memorandum is signed by William Erskine of the Foreign Office.1 file (34 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 61, and terminates at f 94, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
This file is a Foreign Office memorandum concerning the Baghdad railway written by Alwyn Parker,who had negotiated with both the German Government and the Ottoman Empire on this issue and was considered the Foreign Office's specialist on the topic.The memorandum is divided up as follows:1. General Railway development in Asia Minor;2. The Baghdad Railway Convention of 1903;3. The Anglo-German negotiations of 1903;4. The prospects of completion of the line without British co-operation;5. The influence of the railway on British interests.The file contains a map of the rail lines on folio 159 entitled 'Le Chemin De Fer De Bagdad' (The Baghdad Railway).The appendix to the memorandum contains a copy (in French) of the Convention de la Societe Imperiale Ottomane du Chemin de Fer de Bagdad of March, 1903 (folios 160-166), in and on folio 167 a list of official correspondence and publications referenced in the memorandum.1 volume (25 folios)On folio 167, the memorandum contains a list of all official correspondence and publications referenced in it.Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 142, and terminates at f 167, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
This is a printed memorandum outlining British commitments made to King Husein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] compiled by the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office. The memorandum is split into seven sections as follows: 'General Guarantees against the Restoration of the status quo'; 'Guarantees regarding the Moslem [Muslim] Holy Places'; 'Boundaries of Arab Independence'; 'Foreign Administration of Irak [Iraq], Syria and Palestine'; 'Relation of Sherif Husein to Great Britain'; 'Sheif Husein's Title'; and 'The Caliphate'. References to various sources, including Foreign Office correspondence, the Meccan
El Qibla[al-Qiblah] newspaper and
La Verité sur la question syrienne(Fourth Turkish Army Command: Stamboul, 1916), are made in the text and in footnotes.10 foliosFoliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 102 and terminates at folio 111, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
This printed memorandum, produced by the Foreign Office, dated 13 Jan 1947, deals with the history of Bahrein [Bahrain] from the point of view of the political status of the islands at various periods and dates since 1783, and contains copies of related correspondence and discussions. The principal authorities quoted in the memorandum are listed on folio 1v and appear as references in the right or left hand margin. The memorandum includes an index on folio 1r and a list of appendices on folio 1v. The index contains the the following sections:Geographical situation;Bahrein priot to 1783;1783-1820;1820-30;1830-40;1840-50;1850-61;1861-67;Discussion and Incidents, 1868-70;1870-80;1880-92. From the conclusion of the First to the conclusion of the Second Exclusive Agreement with Her Majesty's Government;1892-1913. From the Second Exclusive Agreement to the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;1913-34;Summary (A. Claims to or assertions of soverignty over Bahrein, 1783 to 1934. B. Basis of the Persian claim. C. Attitude of His Majesty's Government, 1820-1934);Reference to Law Officers of the Crown;Independent Status of Bahrein;1934-46 (Establishment of Naval Base at Bahrein; Persian Government's refusal to recognise visas and endoresments of Bahrein; Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the Saudi Arabian Government regarding Transit Dues at Bahrein; The Liabilities of His Majesty's Government in the Persian Gulf; Treatment of Bahreinis in Persia; Bahrein Nationality and Property Laws; Treatment of Persians in Bahrein; Postal Services between Persian and Bahrein; Persian Government decree regarding import of Petroleum Products from Bahrein; Remarks of the Persian Prime Minister to the United States Ambassador; Recent references to Bahrein in the Persian Press).The memorandum is marked 'Confidential' and 'The Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government'.1 file (31 folios)The file contains an index and list of appendices (folio 1) which make reference to paragraph and page numbers.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The memorandum concerns the border between Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and Turkey, and was prepared by Alwyn Parker of the Foreign Office. There are a number of labels at the top of the first page: ‘Persia’, ‘Confidential’ and ‘Section 10’. The memorandum sections are as follows:Part I. A preface (folios 1-5), introducing the points at issue, with two maps, the first being a sketch map of the Mohammerah district, with the proposed Turkish, Persian and mediating commissioner’s lines indicated (folio 2), and a map compiled from plane table surveys by Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson in 1909, with the frontier as defined by the mediating commissioners in 1850 (folio 4);Part II. An historical summary (folios 6-19) of British Government correspondence relating to the border dispute, with the chief focus being on correspondence exchanged during the period 1843-52, around the time of the Treaty of Erzeroum (c.1848). This part contains two copies of a map, a facsimile of a diagram of the disputed area, the original of which was enclosed by Colonel Williams in his despatch of 4 February 1850, indicating Turkish and Persian claims and the mediating commissioner’s proposal (folios 15, 19);Part III. Conclusion (folios 20-28), with a further map (folio 23), an exact copy of that found on folio 4.The appendices that follow are:A: British assurances given to the Shaikh of Mohammerah, 1899 and 1902-10;B. Protocol of December 1911 (in French) for the proposal settlement of the Turco-Persian frontier question;C. An extract from Sir Austen Henry Layard’s
Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, published in 1887. The extract is from volume 2, pp 431-439;D. Rough notes made by General William Monteith when in Persia, on the frontier of Turkey and Persia, as communicated to the Foreign Office in 1843;E. Observations by Sir Henry Rawlinson on a Persian memorandum relative to the situation of the cities of Mohammerah and Fellahiah [Fallāḥīyah], 1844;F. Text of the Treaty of Erzeroum, 31 May 1847, in English and French translation;G. Copy of a despatch from Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador to Istanbul, to Lord Palmerston, Foreign Secretary, dated 30 May 1850;H. Copy of a despatch from Lord Palmerston to Lord Broomfield, dated 12 July 1850.1 file (41 folios, 5 maps)The memorandum is arranged into three parts, labelled I, II and III, which are followed by eight lettered appendices, A-H. Historic correspondence referred to in the memorandum is referenced in the inside page margin.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.
The file consists of a memorandum giving an account of the Aden frontier delimitation, and treaty relations with the Aden tribes from 1873. Compiled by the Foreign Office, 11 December 1905.It discusses the following: tribes with whom Her Majesty's Government has direct relations; boundary disputes and Turkish encroachments; protectorate treaties and agreements; the British Demarcation Commission survey; and the military and naval support.The French content of the file is limited to a memorandum extract by Nicholas O'Conor, HM Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, 11 August 1904.A despatch concerning maps of the frontier delimitation from Edward Grey, Foreign Secretary to His Majesty's Ambassador, dated 8 March 1906, is included as a supplement.Also included is one map: IOR/W/LPS/18/B156 (i),
Map showing tribes and new boundary of the Aden Protectorate.1 file (7 folios)The file consists of a single memorandum.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 170, and terminates at f 176, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 175-181; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are circled.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
A printed confidential memorandum for the use of the Foreign Office. The memorandum addresses the Turkish [Ottoman] increase of custom dues and proposals of a Tigris Valley Railway and a Baghdad-Mediterranean Railway. It also contains updates on negotiations with Germany, Russia and France in 1909. The report quotes fragments from a letter in French, from the Turkish [Ottoman] Ambassador in London. A report of the Mesopotamian Railways Committee is contained in the file's annex.bound in volume with other documents (17 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f.139, and terminates at f.155, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled.Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file is a Foreign Office memorandum regarding the right of the Euphrates and Tigris Steam-ship Company to sail their barges on those rivers, written by Foreign Office Librarian, Edward Hertslet.The file contains a summary of negotiations between the British and Ottoman Governments and as such, also contains extracts from Ottoman Government documents in French.1 volume (8 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 97, and terminates at f 104, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
This file is a short memorandum that summarises the legal situation regarding the right of English mail ships to sail on the Tigris River. The memorandum was written by Foreign Office Librarian, Edward Hertslet.On folio 106 the file contains an extract from a letter (from an Ottoman Government official) that is in French.1 volume (2 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 105, and terminates at f 106, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
The memorandum concerns Persia's northern frontier with Russian Turkestan along the Attrek [Atrek] River valley. It outlines Russian activities in the region (e.g. troop movements, fort construction, and meetings with local chieftains), along with British and Persian diplomatic responses to these activities; this includes British efforts to prevent Persia from ceding the region to Russian control. It covers British suspicions that the Russians are encroaching on Persia's northern border, and attempting to draw the local Turkoman tribes away from their relations with Persia.The memorandum is illustrated with a number of map sketches, which show a number of different interpretations of the Persian-Russian frontier:Captain George Campbell Napier's Map 1876. Denoting supposed Persian border line (f 116);Arrowsmith Map. 1834 (f 117r);Zimmerman's Map. 1841 (f 117v);Vambery's Map 1863 (f 117v);Russian Map 1863 (f 119r);Arrowsmith Map 1872 (f 119v);Walker's Turkestan. 1873 (f 120r);Russian Map 1873 (f 122r);Kiepert's Turkestan 1876 (f 135v).The memorandum includes a number of brief insertions in French; these insertions consist of recollections from diplomatic conversations, which have occurred in relation to Persia's northern frontier.1 file (25 folios)The file consists of a table of contents (folios 114-115), followed by a map (folio 116), which is in turn followed by the body of the memorandum itself (folios 117-137).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 113, and terminates at f 137, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Memorandum prepared by Edward Hertlset, Foreign Office Librarian, on 5 March 1874 (printed by the Foreign Office 10 March 1874). The document gives a historical overview (from 1517 to 1874) of claims on the Red Sea coast, with particular focus on those of the Ottoman Turks and the Egyptians. It discusses attempts by the French, Italians and Americans to gain a foothold in the region. It ends with a summary of things as they stand, with political and commercial considerations, as well as those of the slave trade.Hertslet quotes extensively from his sources, notes on which appear in the left-hand margin.35 foliosAt the beginning (folios 1-2) there is a table of reference to facts and dates, with reference to the printed page number.Foliation: the sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 1-34; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet also contains an original typed pagination sequence.
A memorandum of the events and correspondence relating to the Turkish construction of a fort at Fao on the Shat-el-Arab. The memorandum reproduces a number of representations made by the British Government both directly to the Turkish Porte and through the Persian Government, objecting to the construction of the fort on the grounds that it was said to contravene a Turco-Persian agreement of 1847. By June 1897 the fort is said to have fallen into decay and to be without guns, but the memorandum concludes that the British must resort to other means if construction of the fort is revived. The memorandum is written by Edmund Neel, Political and Secret Department, India Office, and provides a map at folio 19.1 file (9 folios)This file consists of a single memorandum in 34 sections, with a sketch map (f 19).Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at folio 18 and terminates at folio 26, as it is part of a larger volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but one set is circled and crossed through, the other set is not circled.
The memorandum outlines the development of proposals for railways in Persia between 1872 and 1911. This includes discussion of the potential advantages/disadvantages (both commercial and political) for the British in the construction of railways in Southern Persia, and the potential threat posed by the expansion of Russian railways in Northern Persia towards British India, Afghanistan, and the Persian Gulf. Proposals for various schemes are included, from those limited to internal routes within Persia, to schemes designed to link the rail networks of India and Russia via a Trans-Persian link. Consideration is also given to British and Russian efforts to maintain their spheres of influence in Persia, and their joint desire to resist any encroachment by Germany.The memorandum is signed by John Edward Ferard, India Office.The appendix (folios 123-132) contains supporting extracts from various papers (aide-mémoires, correspondence, memoranda, minutes, and published writings). This includes the following:an extract from a minute by George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, dated 4 September 1899, respecting the importance of Seistan [Sīstān] to the maintenance of British influence in Southern Persia (ff 123-124);an extract from a minute by the Viceroy of India, dated 28 October 1901, respecting the potential threat of increasing Russian influence in Persia to Britain's strategic and commercial interests in the Persian Gulf (ff 124-125v);an extract from the Anglo-Persian Agreement (31 August 1907) respecting Persia (ff 125v-126);various communications between British, Persian, and Russian authorities on the topic of railway construction in Persia (ff 126-130);extracts from various published sources on the subject of railways in Persia (ff 130-132).An index to the memorandum can be found on folios 134-136. Some extracts in the main body of the memorandum, and some papers included in the appendix are in French.1 file (42 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 95, and terminates at f 136, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The memorandum was created based on the re-awakened interest on the part of the French for Sheikh Said [Shēk Seyd], and is a collection of information held in the Political and Secret Department of the India Office relating to the territory. It Includes a summary of: the acquisition of Sheikh Said by a French company; Turkish claims to sovereignty; the importance of Sheikh Said's location in terms of Perim [Jazīrat Mayyūn]; the extent of French occupation; and the erection of a Turkish fort at Torbeah.The file contains two extracts in French.1 file (3 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 55, and terminates at f 57, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 55-57; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The memorandum considers whether British participation in the proposed Trans-Persian Railway would be in Britain's interests. To this end it considers possible advantages/disadvantages to British trade, finance, and her strategic/political interests.The appendix (folio 32) contains an extract from a letter from Sir William Edmund Garstin dated 9 December 1912. It also contains two enclosures (in French) from a letter — also from Garstin — dated 20 December 1912.1 file (5 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 28, and terminates at f 32, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The memorandum outlines a number of loans and advances made to the Persian Government by Britain and Russia respectively at the turn of the twentieth century; this includes information on the securities pledged by Persia to meet repayments. It also covers British concerns over the definition of the Southern/Gulf Ports of Persia (pledged as security for British loans), and British fears that the customs of these ports might fall under the control of another foreign power, or be used as security for non-British loans. Also outlined in the memorandum are a number of proposed loans that never reached fruition, and a proposed conversion loan in 1910 from the Imperial Bank of Persia in order to consolidate the Persian Government's debt.Information on some of the diplomatic discourse which has taken place from 1900 to 1912 between the Foreign Office, the India Office, and Russian representatives regarding the payment of loans to Persia is also included.The appendix on folios 48-53 contains supporting transcripts, which include:an extract from a memorandum by Sir Arthur Henry Hardinge, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, dated 29 March 1903; it provides background details on the Imperial Bank of Persia (f 48);a note on the Caspian Fisheries (f 48);the text of an agreement for the advance of £200,000 by the Imperial Bank of Persia to the Persian Government (ff 48v-49)a table showing the amortization scheme for the Anglo-Indian Loan of 1903-04; extracted from a report on Persia by Sir Cecil Arthur Spring-Rice (f 49);a statement (in French) by the Administrator of the Persian Customs as to 'fixed charges' on the customs revenue, dated 1909 (ff 49v-50);the text of an agreement between the Imperial Bank of Persia and the Persian Government, dated 8 June 1910, with supplementary letters from the Bank to the Persian Finance Minister, dated 2-4 June 1910; it regards the repayment of debts owed to the bank (ff 50-51);a list of payments and receipts from the Imperial Bank of Persia (1903-1910) respecting loans or proposed loans to the Persian Government (ff 51v-52).Some extracts quoted in the main body of the memorandum are in French, as are a number of the appendices. An index can be found on folio 54.This memorandum is continued in a subsequent memorandum dated 27 November 1912 (see IOR/L/PS/18/C120b).1 file (21 folios)The memorandum is divided into two parts: the main body (folios 33-47) and an appendix (folios 48-53). An index has also been included at the back on folio 54.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 33, and terminates at f 53, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file is a memorandum written by Adolphus Warburton Moore, Political and Secret Department, of historical events and correspondence relating to the occupation of Merv by Russia, and to Russian activity in Khorassan, on the Persian boundary.The memorandum reproduces a despatch to the Russian Ambassador to London, in which Lord Granville, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, expresses the British Government's displeasure at hearing of the Russian annexation of Merv, against assurances previously given by the Government of the Russian Empire. The memorandum gives the Russian response, describing the annexation as merely an act of local administration without political pre-meditation on the part of Russia, who continue to seek co-operation and friendly relations with the British Government.The memorandum goes on to describe British concerns and Russian denials that they next intended to annexe Sarakhs on the Persian border, and, upon the arrival of Russian troops at Sarakhs and in other parts of Khorassan, Persian protests to the Russian Government.1 file (13 folios)Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 110 and terminates at the last folio with 122, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 110-122; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.