The volume contains correspondence regarding the movements and activities of the Central Powers in Persia [Iran] and Afghanistan between December 1916 and May 1920. The correspondence is particularly concerned with German agents captured in Persia and imprisoned in India, and with the retrieval of German papers left behind in Herat, Afghanistan.The volume includes extracts from the diary of Walter Griesinger detailing the German mission to Afghanistan led by Oskar von Niedermayer in 1914-16. The primary correspondents are: Government of the German Empire; War Office; Directorate of Military Intelligence; British Consulate General, Meshed; Government of India.The volume contains three items in German: a list of German military personnel active in Persia in February 1916 written by the German Military Attache, Tehran (ff 55-56); and two letters from the German Government relating to Niedermayer’s mission (ff 107 and 123-124).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (188 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 3443 (German War/Persia) consists of six volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/472-477. The volumes are divided into six parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 192; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
The volume contains correspondence regarding the movements and activities of the Central Powers in Persia [Iran], India and Afghanistan between April 1915 and January 1918. The correspondence is particularly concerned with information gained from German papers left behind in Kerman, Persia, and with German propaganda sent to the Amir of Afghanistan, the Maharaja of Nepal and various Indian rulers.The primary correspondents are: Government of the German Empire; War Office; British Consul General, Ispahan; British Resident, Nepal; Government of India.The volume contains several items in German (ff 48-49 and 178-98), copies of some of the documents captured in Kerman. The full list of documents captured is at ff 167-75.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (244 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 3443 (German War/Persia) consists of six volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/472-477. The volumes are divided into six parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 246; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume contains correspondence regarding the Persian Campaign of the First World War and the movements and activities of the Central Powers in Persia [Iran] between May and November 1916. The correspondence is particularly concerned with finding and capturing German, Ottoman and Austrian agents active in Persia and Afghanistan.The primary correspondents are: British Legation, Tehran; War Office Directorate of Military Intelligence; Chief Commissioner, North-West Frontier Province; British Legation, Sistan and Kain; British Consulate General, Meshed; Government of India.The volume contains a single item in German (ff 149-150), a list of German military personnel active in Persia in February 1916 written by the German Military Attache, Tehran.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (179 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 3443 (German War/Persia) consists of six volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/472-477. The volumes are divided into six parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 181; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume concerns events that happened in Persia and in the Eastern territories of the Ottoman Empire (Iraq), during the First World War. The main focus is the Turkish action in Persia, and the British intrigues to maintain control over Persia, preventing the country from entering the war and supporting Turkey in a Muslim coalition.The volume covers:Alleged plunder by the Turks of jewels and money for a value of two million sterling from the shrines of Nejef [Najaf, Iraq] and Karbala, in January 1915.Leave granted to British and Russian ministers.General situation in Persia, British interest in preserving its neutrality so that it would not enter the war in support of the Ottoman Empire.Rectification of Turco-Persian frontiers.Protest of Persian Government against actions taken by the British, and requests to respect the Persian neutrality.Political events at Tehran.Translation of appeal written by Muhammad Javid, Governor of the Province of Baghdad, inciting Jihad in Iraq and Persia against the Entente Powers (ff 264-267).Pro-Turkish feelings in Persia in early 1915; British fear of a holy war.Pro-Turkish activities of Isfahan Mullahs.Protests of Persian Government against the presence of British troops in Arabistan [Khuzestan, Iran], and British decision to ignore them.Participation of Swedish officers in German intrigues in Fars [Persia], by fetching weapons; British requesting the withdrawal of Swedish officers from Persia.Reported 'Turkish atrocities' against Christians in the district of Dilman [Azerbaijan], where the Russians found more than 200 corpses when entering the villages in March 1915.Proposed censoring of Persian mail.Deportation of German subject by British authorities in southern Persia, protest of Persian Government against.Landing of British troops near Ahwaz [Iran], on 20 February 1915.Weakening of Persian support of Turks, recorded in April 1915.Turkish occupation of Kasr-i-Shirin [Qasr-e Shirin, Iran].Telegraphic communications via Ahwaz, Persia, with sketch map of the telegraph line, by W Barker (f 89).The volume’s principal correspondents are: Thomas William Holderness and Arthur Hirtzel, India Office; Charles Hardinge, the Viceroy of India; Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; Walter Beaupre Townley and Charles Marling, British Ministers at Tehran; Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe, Foreign Office; Percy Cox, Political Resident in Persian Gulf; Terence Humphrey Keyes, Political Agent in Bahrain; Alfred Hamilton, the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department, Delhi; the Persian Minister of Foreign Affairs.The volume contains newspaper cuttings from
The Times, and
Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung.There is a quote in Ancient Greek, from
Odyssey9.369.1 volume (333 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 335; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-333; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
This part contains drafts and counter-drafts of the Anglo-German Convention regarding the Bagdad Railway [Baghdad] and cognate matters, and of the proposed Agreement between the Bagdad Railway Company and the Ottoman Government. These are written in English, German and French, and found at folios 149, 160, 167, 178-179, 201-203, 217-223, 225-230, 235-240, 247, 257-269, and 281-284.The file also contains correspondence between the Foreign Office, the India Office Political Department, the German Ambassador to London (Karl Max Fürst von Lichnowsky), the Councillor of the German Embassy (Richard von Kühlmann), and the Ottoman Finance Minister (Mehmed Cavid Bey). The correspondence concerns negotiations over the following points:the construction and naming of the line;options for British capital investment in the Bagdad Railway Company;options for British representation on the Railway Board;oversight of the project, the safeguarding of commercial interests, and arrangements for arbitration proceedings;shares in the River Navigation Company;navigation of the Shatt el Arab [Shatt al Arab];the formation of a Shatt el Arab Conservancy Commission;the potential impact on the Anatolian Railway, and the prospects of the Smyrna-Aidin Railway Company;and German wishes that no railway should be in direct competition with the Bagdad line from the western terminus at Konia [Konya] to the eastern terminus at Basra.1 item (142 folios)
This part contains drafts and counter-drafts of the various agreements relating to the proposed construction of the Bagdad Railway [Baghdad Railway], comprising the following documents written in English, German and French:the Anglo-German Convention;an agreement between the Bagdad Railway Company and James Lyle Mackay, first Baron Inchcape;an agreement between the first Baron Inchcape and the Société Impériale Ottomane du Chemin de Fer de Bagdad;an agreement between the Ottoman Railway Company (the 'English Company') and the Anatolian Railway Company and Bagdad Railway Company (the 'German Companies').Folio 85 is a map, titled 'Sketch Map to Shew Approximately Railways and Railway Projects and Navigation Concessions in Asiatic Turkey', displaying the routes of existing and proposed railways and river navigation.The file also contains correspondence thereon between the India Office Political Department, the Foreign Office, the British Ambassador to Berlin (Sir William Edward Goschen), and the Imperial German Ambassador to London (Karl Max Fürst von Lichnowsky). The correspondence concerns the following: negotiations over the wording of the draft agreements; arrangements to limit competing lines between Konia [Konya] and Basra; the appointment of potential British Directors to represent shareholders on the Board of the Bagdad Railway Company; and disagreements between Deutsche Bank [the financiers] and Hakki Pasha over the area to be covered by the Smyrna-Aidin line. A number of India Office and Foreign Office minutes, providing details of meetings with German and Ottoman officials, are also found within the file.In addition, the file contains correspondence between the Foreign Office and the firm Boulton Brothers and Company, who enquired into the terms of the Bagdad Railway, with a view to participating as a financial backer.1 item (142 folios)
The volume contains drafts and counter-drafts of the Anglo-German Convention on the Bagdad Railway, plus agreements involving the Bagdad Railway Company, the Ottoman Railway Company, the Anatolian Railway Company, and the Ottoman Government. There is also correspondence regarding the negotiations, conducted between the following: the India Office Political Department; the Foreign Office; the British Ambassador to Berlin (Sir William Edward Goschen); the Imperial German Ambassador to London (Karl Max Fürst von Lichnowsky); the Councillor at the German Embassy (Richard von Kühlmann); and the Ottoman Finance Minister (Mehmed Cavid Bey).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. These are placed at the end of the correspondence.1 volume (285 folios)The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 4044 (Baghdad Railway Negotiations) consists of 1 volume, IOR/L/PS/10/415. The volume is divided into 2 parts.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 287; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This volume is a diary of Sir Arthur Hirtzel (then Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for India) for the year 1908. Entries start from 1 January and end at 31 December (some dates in between these dates do not have any entries). The entries are usually brief (although entries for some dates run over into the space for the entry for the next date).There are brief references to Hirtzel’s health, the weather, Hirtzel’s attendance at church services, and the birth of Hirtzel’s daughter Miriam (17 February, folio 39 verso). However, the diary entries largely concern John Morley (Viscount Morley of Blackburn, Secretary of State for India, referred to as ‘J.M.’ throughout). The entries mostly record the following:The views and opinions expressed by Morley on India and India Office business, including the Zakka Khel Expedition [or Zakha Khel Expedition, also known as the Bazar Valley Campaign] of 14 February to 1 March 1908, and the imprisonment of the Indian nationalist Bal Gangadhar Tilak (28 and 29 July, folio 85 verso).The views and opinions of Morley on domestic British politics, including the Sweated Industries Bill of 1908 (19 February, folio 39 verso) and on various individuals (as recorded by Hirtzel).Meetings between Morley and various individuals, including Winston Churchill (27 January, folio 33 verso; 14 February, folio 39 verso), the Prince of Wales (the future King George V) (10 February, folio 37 verso), King Edward VII (27 February, folio 43 recto), George Nathaniel Curzon (17 March, folio 47 verso; 26 and 27 March, folio 67 verso), Herbert Henry Asquith (17 March, folio 47 verso), James Keir Hardie (7 June, folio 73 recto), and Gopal Krishna Gokhale (3 December, folio 123 verso).Cabinet and Council meetings and other events attended by Morley.Conversations between Hirtzel and Morley.Morley’s health.Before the entry for 1 January on folio 25 verso, there are four lines in German, which quote the second verse of
O Gott, du frommer Gottby Johann Heermann.The volume itself is an
Army & Navy Octavo Scribbling Diaryfor 1908, published by the Army & Navy Co-operative Society, Limited, London. It includes printed information at the front of the volume, such as a list of London bankers, postal information, and a calendar of lessons for Sundays and holy days throughout the year. There are also various advertisements at the front and back of the volume.Pages (not folios) in the diary which relate to press cuttings in the Sir Arthur Hirtzel Press Cuttings volume [Mss Eur D1090/6], are noted in the Press Cuttings volume.1 volume (149 folios)Diary entries are chronological from the front to the rear of the volume.There is an alphabetical index to the diary with entries for places, subjects and persons [Mss Eur D1090/5].Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 151; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This volume is a diary of Sir Arthur Hirtzel (then Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for India) for the year 1909. Entries start at 1 January and end at 24 December (some dates in between these dates do not have any entries). The entries are usually brief (although entries for some dates run over into the space for the entry for the next date).There are brief references to the weather and what Hirtzel did on particular days, such as his attendance at church services, but Hirtzel’s diary entries largely concern John Morley (Viscount Morley of Blackburn, Secretary of State for India, referred to as ‘J.M.’ throughout).The entries mostly record the following:The views and opinions expressed by Morley on India and India Office business, including the Indian Councils Act of 1909 (entries including: 12 February, folio 22 recto; 25 March, folio 28 recto; and 27 and 28 July, folio 45 verso), and possible candidates to be the next Viceroy of India (30 March, folio 28 verso; 9 May, folio 35 recto; and 21 July, folios 44 verso to 45 recto).The views and opinions expressed by Morley on various individuals.Meetings between Morley and various individuals, including King Edward VII (10 January, folio 17; 5 February, folio 21 recto; and 21 July, folio 44 verso to 45 recto), and the Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith (3 February, folio 20 verso).Cabinet and meetings and other events attended by Morley.Morley’s health.Before the entry for 1 January on folio 16 recto, there are five lines in German, including an (inaccurate) quotation of the second verse of
O Gott, du frommer Gottby Johann Heermann.The volume itself is a
Letts’s No. 35 Rough Diaryfor 1909, published for Letts’s Diary Company, Limited by Cassell & Company, Limited. It includes printed information at the front of the volume, such as information about Inland Revenue duties, commercial stamp duties, and postal rates and regulations, a list of colonial governors of the British Empire, and a list of London banks. There are also various advertisements at the front and back of the volume.1 volume (75 folios)Diary entries are chronological from the front to the rear of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 77; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.