1. ‘X. PASSPORTS AND PROTECTION. A. PASSPORTS. (1) Persian passports regulations effecting Muscat subjects.’

Description:

The file contains correspondence related to the Iranian Government’s order known as the Tehran order, on treating people arriving at Persian ports from Bahrain, Muscat, Dubai and Oman as Persian subjects. The file also includes petitions raised by Muscat subjects whose passports were seized by the Iranian Customs.The main correspondents in the file are the British Residency and Consulate General, Bushire; the Secretary of State for India, London; His Majesty’s Minister, Tehran; the Political Agency, Muscat and the Government of Muscat and Oman.1 file (54 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 56; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-54; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.

2. 'File 1/18 III Major Head:- Political. Subject:- Sultan of Najd's relations with Iraq.'

Description:

The file deals with political relations between the King of Hejaz and Najd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] (commonly referred to in the papers as Bin Saud or Ibn Saud) and the states of Iraq and Kuwait, particularly in terms of raids by Akhwan [Ikhwān] tribes from Najd, and Bin Saud's efforts to control the Akhwan.The correspondence is mainly between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Bahrain (Major Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett); the Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel James Carmichale More), and the Secretariat of the High Commissioner for Iraq, Baghdad. There is also correspondence between British officials and Bin Saud. Enclosures to correspondence from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf include copies of correspondence with the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Secretariat of the High Commissioner, Iraq; the Colonial Office, London; the Government of India; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; and other British officials in the region; enclosures to correspondence from the Political Agent, Kuwait include correspondence with the Secretariat of the High Commissioner for Iraq, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; enclosures to correspondence from the Secretariat of the High Commissioner, Iraq, include reports from Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector, Southern Desert.The papers cover: diplomatic contact between the British and Bin Saud; list prepared by Political Agent, Bahrain of estimated Nejd [Najd] population likely to obey a summons from Bin Saud, 8 April 1928 (folios 18-19); action by Bin Saud against the Akhwan; raids by Akhwan tibes, especially Mutair and Ajman; involvement of Hafiz Wahab [Shaikh Hāfiẓ Wahbah]; Iraqi frontier posts; reports of intended raids; movements of desert tribes; defensive measures; movements of British naval forces; references to Dawish [Fayṣal al-Dawīsh]; Bin Saud's negotiations with leaders of Akhwan, 6 May 1928; report by Political Agent, Bahrain on economic and political implications of blockade of Hasa [al-Aḥsā’] ports, 28 November 1928 (folios 118-123), and further, December 1928; attempts by British to preserve frontier peace (e.g. folios 132-135); reports by Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector, Southern Desert, November 1928, March 1929; reports of Riyadh Conference, December 1928; reference to 'jihad', 24 January 1929 (folio 181); United States (US) missionaries caught up in raids, January 1929 (folios 184-186); reported successes of Bin Saud against Akhwan, April 1929; report by Political Agent, Kuwait on attitude of Shaikh of Kuwait [Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ] to Ikhwan raids, 29 March 1929 (folios 291-300); discussion of need to assist Shaikh of Kuwait to expel refugees defeated by Bin Saud from Nejd, May 1929; Iraq to refuse asylum to Akhwan rebels, May 1929 (folio 332).The Arabic language content of the file consists of approximately twenty-five folios, with translations in English, mainly copies of correspondence between the Political Agency, Bahrain and Bin Saud.The date range indicates the covering dates of the main run of correspondence. However, the earliest document in the file is a copy of an enclosure dated 27 March 1928 on folio 9.1 volume (347 folios)The papers are filed in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file, except where enclosures of an earlier date are filed after the relevant covering letter.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 349; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-348; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.

3. ‘File 13/8 PASSPORT REGULATIONS GOVERNING PERSIANS AND BAHRAINIS'

Description:

The file contains notes and correspondence between the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire; the Adviser to the Bahrain Government; the Director of Customs and Port Officer, Bahrain; the Commandant, State Police, Bahrain and the Residency Agent, Sharjah, about passport regulations in operation between Bahrain and Persia.The correspondence discusses the following: no longer accepting the transit passes called Ilm-o-Khabars, customarily issued by the Persian authorities to both Persian subjects travelling to Bahrain, and to Persian residents of Bahrain travelling to Persia for business or pleasure; replacing the Persian Ilm-o-Khabars held by Bahrainis and Persians living in Bahrain, with special permits issued by the Bahrain Government for travel to Persia and the Persian ports; reports of Persians, Iraqis and others travelling to Bahrain for medical treatment without valid travel documents; reports of Persians coming to Bahrain from India without a visa from the Indian Passport Officer, Bombay; the issue of travel passes by the rulers of Dubai and Kuwait to Persians, for travel to Bahrain; the legal position with regard to the ownership of landed property in Persia by foreigners (folios 31, 47 and 57).There is correspondence with the Foreign Office, London and the Government of India about the following: British approval for the issue of passports and travel passes by the Ruler of Bahrain (Sheikh Hamad) during a politically sensitive period, following Persia’s renewed claim to Bahrain; ending the practice at the British Agency, Bahrain of issuing British certificates of identity to Persians travelling to Persia from Bahrain.There is correspondence with Sheikh Abdullah bin Qassim al-Thani [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], the ruler of Qatar, about reports of Persian visitors travelling from Persia to Qatar and obtaining Qatar travel permits to enter Bahrain, even though they are not residents of Qatar.There is correspondence with the Government of India and the British Agency, Jeddah about making sure that intending travellers to Bahrain from Jeddah are aware that they must be in possession of valid travel documents.The file also includes: two Bahrain Government public proclamations in 1928 regarding new Bahrain passport regulations (folios 28-30) and new Bahrain Customs procedures (folio 41) for sailing boats and sailors, including diving boats and divers entering Bahrain; a list compiled by the Residency Agent, Sharjah in 1929, providing the names of all the recognised ruling sheikhs of the Trucial Oman kingdoms: Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman [Ajmān], Himriyah [Al Ḩamrīyah], Um-al-Qaiwain [Umm al Qaywayn], Abu Dhabi, Ras-al-Khaimah [Ra’s al Khaymah] (folio 73).The file contains numerous documents in Arabic: mainly letter correspondence, public notices and travel documents, including three passports issued to subjects of the Sultanate of Nejd and Dependencies (folios 112-114).1 file (257 folios)The file papers are arranged chronologically.Foliation: numbered 1-2, 3-3A, 4-121, 122-122A and 123-257 in pencil in the top right hand corner and encircled. The numbering starts at the front of the file, on the file cover (f.1) and ends on the last file enclosure (f.257) at the back of the file. In a similar, secondary foliation of the file, the number is written in pencil in the top right hand corner, but not circled.

4. 'File 61/14 VIII (D 55) Relations Between Nejd And Iraq'

Description:

The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and reports relating to affairs between the British Mandate of Iraq and the Kingdom of Najd. The majority of the correspondence is between Leo Amery, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Austen Chamberlain, Foreign Secretary (both in London), Henry Dobbs, High Commissioner in Iraq (later Gilbert Clayton, Acting Hich Commissioner in Iraq), Lionel Haworth, Political Resident in Bushire, Cyril Barrett, Political Agent in Bahrain, James More, Political Agent in Kuwait, Ibn Sa'ud, King of Hejaz-Najd and its Dependencies, John Glubb, Administrative Inspector in Iraq, Gerald De Gaury, Special Service Officer in Kuwait, the British Agency in Jeddah, and the Government of India.The volume covers the period of unrest after a revolt by the Ikhwan ,including a number of raids on Kuwait and the Battle of Sabila, which effectively brought the crisis to an end. Subjects raised are:a raid on Kuwait by the Ikhwan;an attack on a car on the Kuwait-Basra road in which an American Missionary, Henry Bilkert, is killed;intelligence of tribal movements and activities, particularly those of the Ikhwan tribes of Mutair, 'Ajman, and 'Utaibah, and the threat and occurrence of cross-border raids, all gathered from reports by John Glubb, Flight Lieutenant Howes (Special Service Officer in Kuwait), as well as local rumour and reports;issues concerning the defence of Kuwait;the failure of Gilbert Clayton and Ibn Sa'ud to come to an agreement over the legitimacy of the desert 'police posts' in Iraq;the thoughts, motivations, and capabilities of Ibn Sa'ud;a second meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and Ikhwan leaders in Riyadh to try and resolve the crisis;the idea of a blockade of Hasa ports to force the Najdi tribes into submission;the Battle of Sabila and its aftermath.Other subjects included are:the imprisonment of Nuhaitar ibn Juraiyid of the Dhafir tribe in Hail;the channels through which communication with Ibn Sa'ud should be made (i.e. through Bushire or through Jeddah).Notable within the volume is a sketch map and extensive notes by Harold Dickson on the seasonal migrations of the shepherd tribes of the Lower Euphrates.At the end of the volume (folios 378-382) are office notes.1 volume (389 folios)The volume is arranged chronologically. There is an alphabetical subject index to the contents, at the front of the volume (folios 3, 4). The index entries include the folio numbers of relevant documents, to help identify and locate them within the volume.Main foliation: the sequence starts on the first page and continues through until the inside back cover. The numbering is written in pencil, circled, and positioned in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: there is no folio numbered 2, instead, the second, third, and fourth folios have been numbered respectively 2A, 2B, and 2C.Secondary, earlier foliation sequence: the numbers1 to 341 are written in pencil, but not circled, on folios that were subsequently renumbered 5 to 377.Condition: the top left corner of folio 47 has been torn away, obscuring some text.

5. 'File 23/1 Acquisition of property in Bahrain by Shaikh Muhammad ibn `Isa Al Khalifa; Hindu Bathing Pool'

Description:

The file contains correspondence between the Bahrain Political Agent (Colonel Barrett, from November 1927 to April 1929), representatives of the Hindu community in Manama, and the Khalifa ruling family. The correspondence refers to the ownership and use of freshwater pools (referred to as chauchub) by the town's Hindu (Banyan) community for bathing, drinking and washing, and by the Al Khalifa family as a source of water for the irrigation of their date gardens. The file contains notes made by Political Agency staff, based on visits to the baths, which record the arrangement of the baths, their different uses, and the condition of the water found within them. In a letter dated 6 May 1929, the Political Agent (now Captain Prior) writes to the Hindu community (folio 10), requesting that they refrain from using soap in the baths, which is producing white slime in the water, presumably making it unsuitable for irrigation purposes.1 file (14 folios)Correspondence in the file is arranged in chronological order, from the earliest piece at the front of the file to the latest at the end.Foliation: The file is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, with pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each front-facing page. Foliation anomalies: 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D.

6. 'File 6/34 Fazal Hussein, clerk, State Police - Discharge of'

Description:

The file contains correspondence relating to the discharge of Fazal Hussein, clerk, from Bahrain Government service in July 1928. The correspondence is mostly between the Political Agent, Bahrain, Commandant of Bahrain State Police (Captain L S Parke), Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Fazal Hussein himself, and Bahrain-based merchants, the Ashraf Brothers.The file covers several matters, including:the discussion over the reasons for the dismissal of Fazal Hussein and Sultan Ahmed, also an employee of the Bahrain Police Force;a claim by the Ashraf Brothers that Fazal Hussein owes them money;Fazal Hussein's return to Bahrain from India and his movements in the country;a claim by Ali Muhammad of Hazur Pur, sepoy, for unpaid wages from service in the Bahrain Police Force.1 file (44 folios)The file is arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 46; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.

7. 'File 6/20 Applications for grant of monopoly for the manufacturing of lime, white washing and bricks etc. at Bahrain'

Description:

The file contains correspondence relating to an application, made by NA Kellow, for a monopoly on lime and brick manufacture in Bahrain. Kellow, a government contractor in Mesopotamia, applied to the Government of Bahrain via the Political Agency, enclosing several letters of recommendation from leading British figures in Mesopotamia.1 file (17 folios)The file is arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 19; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-18; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.

8. 'File 6/24 Correspondence re sending Rais-i-Police Haji Salman, for practical training in India'

Description:

The file contains correspondence between the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave), Political Agent, Bahrain (Captain Charles Geoffrey Prior), Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, Government of India (Foreign and Political Department), and Government of Bombay (Home Department). The papers relate to arrangements for the Chief of Police in Bahrain, Haji Salman, to travel to Karachi for training in practical and court work, a deputation that was later postponed. The file also contains correspondence regarding an offer to train a Bahrain government official as a farrier at the Civil Veterinary Department in Sind and Rajputana.1 file (15 folios)The file is arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 17; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-16; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.

9. File 4535/1928 Pt 10 ‘Persian Gulf: Anglo-Persian Negotiations 1928-30. Question of removal of Residency from Bushire.’

Description:

This part contains papers relating to the question of whether the British Political Residency at Bushire should be removed from Persian [Iranian] territory, and whether the functions of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf should be separated from those of the Consul-General at Bushire. These questions were under discussion by the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence.This part includes papers concerning the following issues: the view of the former Political Resident in the Persian Gulf Sir Frederick William Johnston, and HM Minister at Tehran, that conditions at Bushire were unsatisfactory and that the Persian Government would create difficulties for the Resident if the Residency remained at Bushire; the possibility of the removal of the Residency serving as a useful bargaining counter for the British Government in the treaty negotiations which were taking place with the Persian Government; the possibility of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf being transferred to Basra, Karachi, Bahrein [Bahrain] or Koweit [Kuwait]; and objections of the Government of India to the removal of the Residency from Bushire. The papers include correspondence, India Office Political Department minute papers, internal India Office correspondence, and the following documents:A memorandum by the Secretary of State for India entitled ‘Question of separation of functions of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and those of the Consul-General, Bushire, and of the removal of the Residency from Persian soil’, dated 7 December 1928Draft minutes of the meeting on 15 May 1929 of the Sub-Committee on Political Control of the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee of the Committee of Imperial DefenceDraft minutes of the meeting of Persian Gulf Sub-Committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence of 18 March 1929.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; HM Minister, Tehran; the Colonial Office; and the Foreign Office.1 item (228 folios)

10. File 1592/1928 'Muscat: Visit of the Sultan to Europe'

Description:

This volume contains correspondence concerning a visit made to Europe by the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd. The correspondence is primarily between the Political Agency in Muscat, the Political Residency in Bushire, the India Office, the Government Hospitality Fund in London and Bertram Thomas, the Sultan's Adviser, who accompanied him on the visit. A small number of letters from the Sultan himself (translated into English) are also enclosed.Numerous aspects of the trip and its organisation are discussed (with a focus on the Sultan's time in London and his audience with King George V) as is the poor health of the Sultan, one of the reasons given for the visit.In addition to correspondence, the file also contains the following documents:Cuttings from The Times regarding Muscat and the Sultan's visit to Britain (folios 64-66,118)'Visit of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat, September-October, 1928' General Programme' (folios 48-63)'Memorandum (a) The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (b) His Highness The Sultan Saiyid Taimur bin Fsial bin Turki' (folios 175-178).The volume includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (235 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 237; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.

11. File 200/1928 Pt 4 'Persia: Anglo-Persian Relations. General Settlement and Treaty Negotiations'

Description:

This volume contains correspondence regarding wide-ranging negotiations that took place between Reza Shah's Minister of Court, ‘Abdolhossein Khan Teymourtache [Teymurtash], and the British Legation in Tehran, the aim of which was the agreement of a bilateral treaty between the British and Persian [Iranian] governments in order to resolve a number of outstanding issues. The majority of the correspondence in the volume is internal correspondence between British officials, but it also contains a limited amount of correspondence in French that was exchanged between the British Minister in Tehran, Sir Robert Clive, and Teymourtache.In addition to correspondence, the volume contains the following documents:'Draft Treaty with Persia' (folios 98-113)'Present State of Negotiations with Persia' (folios 124-130)'Previous history of the proposed Treaty of Friendship and Non-aggression Pact to be concluded with the Persian Government' (folios 213-214)'Negotiations with Persia' (folios 251-258)'Persian Complaints of Smuggling in the Persian Gulf' India Office memorandum, 1928 (folio 553).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (624 folios)The subject 200 (Anglo-Persian Treaty Negotiations) consists of eight volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/1250-1257. The volumes are divided into ten parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume, parts 3, 4 and 5 comprising one volume each, parts 6 and 7 comprising the fifth volume, and parts 8, 9 and 10 comprising one volume each.The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 626; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.

12. File 3939/1926 Pt 3 'Publications: Revision of Aitchison's Treaties: Aden and Arabia Sections.'

Description:

This part relates to the Government of India's decision to issue a revised edition of Aitchison's Treaties (full title: A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries), with revised narratives for each geographical area covered, incorporating the principal events that have occurred since the publication of the previous edition in 1909.The part contains a proof of the revised narrative for the section regarding Aden and the south coast of Arabia (ff 26-63), followed by copies of numerous related treaties and agreements covering the period 1802-1919 (ff 64-208).Also included is a small amount of interdepartmental correspondence discussing the accuracy of the revised proof, and the question of whether all the related treaties and agreements that have been concluded since 1909 should be published in the revised edition, as proposed by the Government of India. Correspondents include the following: the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; officials of the India Office, Foreign Office, and Colonial Office.The French language material consists of several articles among the aforementioned treaties and agreements.1 item (204 folios)