This file contains correspondence between various British officials (and correspondence directly between British officials and members of the Al Sabah ruling family of Kuwait including Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ) concerning the nature of the relationship between the British Government and Kuwait.This correspondence discusses whether or not Kuwait should be made a British protectorate and Kuwait's relationship with the Ottoman state and other foreign powers. A copy and translation (into English) of a secret agreement made between Shaikh Mubārak and the British government is contained on folios 42-43.The recognition of Shaikh Mubārak as ruler of Kuwait (Mubārak murdered the previous ruler, his brother Mohammed, in 1896) is also discussed.The file also contains detailed correspondence regarding a scheme, proposed by a Russian named Count Kapnist, to construct a railway line between Tripoli and Kuwait.1 volume (280 folios)File is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end. An index of topics discussed in the file is contained on ff 1a-2. The page numbers used in this index relate to the foliation sequence in the file that is printed with a mechanical stamp.Condition: Formerly a bound volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose.Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. There is an earlier, possibly original, foliation sequence that runs through the volume, using a mechanical stamp.The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 163a, 163b. Folios 258 and 259 are in reverse arrangement.
The volume comprises copies of correspondence, Memoranda, minutes, telegrams, and other papers mainly between the British Ministry at Tehran; and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The correspondence is relating to the financial difficulties of the Persian Government and the question of loans payment. Suggestions were made by the British Government on how the Persian Government could pay back its loans. Among the suggestions were sales of the crown jewels, or islands off Bundar Abbas. While selling the crown jewels was not an option, the sale of the islands was the subject of correspondence between the British and the Russian Governments. The Russian Government had no objections to the British Government’s purchasing the Gulf islands or to anything which The British chose to do in South Persia as long as they keep quiet about north Persia.The correspondence deals with arrangements for the payment of the loan, conditions attached to it, the agreement of terms between the British, the Persian and the Russian Governments, and the Imperial Bank of Persia. A few issues related to the loan were discussed, among which were:the proposal of joint Anglo-Russia advances of £100,000; and £400,000 to the Persian Government;the interest on loans to The Persian Government;the question of claiming compound interest on arrears of interest payable on Anglo-Indian advances;payment of the November coupon on the Imperial Government of Persia loan of 1911 of which the British government paid half of its amount, i.e. £7184 9s 4d.The file also contains correspondence relating to the behaviour of the Swedish gendarmerie in Persia. Despite the reports of His Majesty’s Consul in Kerman on their inappropriate behaviour, it was made clear that, if financial assistant was not achieved Persia would witness a total collapse of the administration of the gendarmerie followed by anarchy throughout the country.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Sir Walter Beaupre Townley, British Minister at Tehran; Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; Major William Frederick Travers O’Connor, Acting Consul at Shiraz; Sir George William Buchanan, Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia; and the Imperial Bank of Persia.The volume’s core correspondence covers the period September 1914 to September 1918. The earlier start date given for the volume is a result of correspondence included in a confidential enclosure, itself dated April- March 1914, on the Swedish gendarmerie and the incidents took place in Kazerun region of Persia in the early 1914 (ff 133-138).1 volume (224 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 747 (Loans to Persia) consists of 3 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/353-355. The volumes are divided into three parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 226; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The sequence includes the following anomaly: 56A. This folio had been left blank by mistake prior to imaging.
This part contains papers, mostly correspondence, mainly relating to the inclusion of arbitration provisions in the General Treaty and the Commercial Treaty which were being negotiated between the United Kingdom and Persia [Iran]. It includes papers concerning the question of what the terms of any such arbitration articles should be, and the question of whether or not an arbitration article should be included in the General Treaty.In addition, this part includes some correspondence relating to the question of whether or not Iraq would be covered by Article 1 (regarding friendship and non-aggression) of the proposed General Treaty with Persia.This part includes the British draft proposal for an arbitration article in the General Treaty, the Persian Minister of Court’s comments on this draft article, a letter from HM Minister at Tehran (Robert Henry Clive) to the Persian Minister of Court, and draft versions of a proposed arbitration article in a letter from Clive to the Foreign Office, which are all written in French.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Foreign Office; the Dominions Office; the Commercial Relations and Treaties Department of the Board of Trade; and HM Minister at Tehran. Other correspondents include the Colonial Office and the Admiralty.In addition, this part includes India Office Political Department minute papers.1 item (76 folios)
The papers in this volume relate to the revised international Arms Traffic Convention (1925).The papers include: The right to supply munitions to the governments of Afghanistan, Nepal and Tibet should they fall within the ‘prohibited zone’, 11 December 1924; the preference for including all countries bordering India (except Siam) in the prohibited zone should Russia decide to adopt the Convention, and potential British support for Persia’s claim to exclusion from the zone should Russia decide to reject the Convention, 3 February 1925; the exclusion of Persia and Afghanistan from the prohibited zone, and possible arrangement of imports through Bushire [Bushehr], Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and Karachi, 18 February-12 March 1925; the proposed abandonment of the term ‘prohibited’ areas to induce Turkey and Persia to join the Convention, and empowerment of the governments of the countries bordering India, 24 March 1925; the readiness of HMG to support Persia’s request for exclusion from the prohibited zone in order to ensure the strict regulation of the private arms trade from Russia to India via Persia, 5-11 April 1925; the Government of India’s objections to Article 25 of the Convention, 11-30 April 1925; the Conference on Supervision of the International Trade in Arms and Ammunition, Geneva, 6 May-17 June 1925; the report on the proceedings of the Inter-Departmental Committee assembled to consider the draft Convention for Control of the Trade in Arms, Ammunition and Implements of War produced by the Temporary Mixed Commission of the League of Nations, with annexes including drafts of the Convention by the Temporary Mixed Commission and the Inter-Departmental Committee, and a minute by the Secretary of State on the Arms Traffic Conference, 23-28 April 1925; the protocol on the use of asphyxiating, poisonous and other gases in times of war, 20 May-14 June 1925; the list of countries designated as ‘special zones’ in the Arms Traffic Convention, 25-27 May 1925; the proposal of the Persian delegate Mīrzā Reżā Khan Arfaʿ al-Dawla, 29 May-6 June 1925; the nomination of a Jurist Committee by the Bureau for the purpose of determining the status of the Persian Gulf in international law as the best means of dealing with the Persian delegation, 4-11 June 1925; the Persian amendment to the second paragraph of Article 15 of the Convention, 8-9 June 1925; the protest of the High Commissioner for Iraq at the inclusion of the country in a special zone, 8-25 June 1925; the vote on the inclusion of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman as special zones, 11-15 June 1925; the declaration on the manufacture of arms, ammunition and implements of war, 8 June 1925; the general report on the League of Nations’ Conference for the Supervision of the International Trade in Arms and Ammunition and in Implements of War, including the texts of the Convention, Statement regarding the Territory of Ifni, Protocol on Chemical and Bacteriological Warfare, Protocol of Signature, and the Final Act, dated at Geneva, 14 June 1925 (texts in French and English); the statement of Sir Percy Cox on the Persian arguments concerning maritime zones, and the response of the Persian delegate General Habibullah Khan [Ḥabib Allāh Khan Shāybanī], 15 June 1925-28 January 1926; the inspection of ships at Indian ports and interception of arms bound for China, 22 October 1925-29 April 1926.The volume also includes a decree by the Shah of Persia, Muẓaffar al-Dīn Shāh Qājār against arms trafficking, signed on his behalf by the Ṣadr-i Aʿẓam, Mīrzā ʻAlī Aṣghar Khān Amīn al-Sulṭān, dated 1 January 1900 (in French).The correspondence in this volume is primarily between the Viceroy, Foreign and Political Department; Secretary of State for India; Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; Under-Secretary of State, India Office; the Admiralty; Richard William Alan Onslow, 5th Earl of Onslow; HM Consul Geneva; War Office; Foreign Office; India Office; Colonial Office; Sir Percy Zachariah Cox; Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel; Secretary of State for the Colonies.1 volume (609 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 1355 (Peace Settlement: The Arms Traffic Convention 1919) consists of four volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/672-675. The volumes are divided into 6 parts; with part 1 comprising one volume, parts 2, 4 and 5 comprising the second volume, part 3 comprising the third volume, and part 6 comprising the fourth volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 610; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The file has one foliation anomaly, f 242a.
The file concerns the reorganisation of telegraph communications in Iran after 1935.The file contains:Closure of Naval Station at Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], Basidu [Bāsa‘īdū], and of British Cemetery and Henjam Wireless Station, 1935Negotiations with Cable and Wireless on their proposal to close of Henjam, Jask and Charbar [Chābahār] stations, 1935Minutes of Committee of Imperial Defence, Imperial Communications Committee meetings discussing telegraph communications in the Persian Gulf, 1935Desire of Persian Government to purchase wireless systems at Henjam, Lingah [Bandar-e-Lengeh], and Bushire, 1935-37Closure of wireless station at Bushire, 1936-37Renting of Cable and Wireless's building at Jask, 1936Repairs to cable ship at Jask, 1937.The file also contains, on folio 381, a map showing 'The Proposed Bahrein T Piece', illustrating an extension of cable communication connecting Bushire and Bahrain, 1935. There are some documents in French: a letter written by the British Legation at Tehran to the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs of the Government of Iran, and an extract from
Le Journal de Tehran.The file is composed of correspondence between: the Foreign Office; the India Office; the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf; the Secretary of State for India; the Admiralty; Cable and Wireless Limited; the Treasury; the British Legation at Tehran; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Iran.1 volume (531 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 533; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Correspondence and other papers relating to the Persian Government’s introduction of new legislation, under which foreigners entering or resident in Persia [Iran] had to notify their presence in the country with the Persian authorities. Included in the file are copies and extracts of the new legislation, in French original, as well as in English and Urdu translation, which also includes details of new visa and customs legislation.Correspondence between the India Office (George William Rendel), Foreign Office (Charles William Baxter), British Legation in Tehran (Robert Henry Clive; Charles Dodd; Reginald Hervey Hoare), and the Government of India, discusses the implications of the new legislation for British and other foreign interests in Persia, including: British consular officers in Persia; the Anglo-Persian Oil Company; British vessels visiting Persian ports in the Persian Gulf; foreigners in motor cars in Persia; pilgrims travelling from India to Iraq via Persia.1 file (63 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 65; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The file is a direct chronological continuation of Coll 28/21 ‘Persia; Azerbaijan; Persia-Russian & Persia-Turkish Frontier.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3417). It chiefly comprises copies of telegraphic correspondence exchanged between British officials in Tehran and Tabriz, and the Foreign Office in London, and covers events of the Iran-Azerbaijan crisis of 1946, and its immediate aftermath:Reports and eyewitness accounts of the withdrawal, in May 1946, of Russian troops from Tabriz and Iranian Azerbaijan, and the efforts of an Iranian Government delegation to verify the Russian evacuation.Negotiations between the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan (referred to as the Democrats), led by Ja’far Pishevari, and the Iranian (Central) Government, led by the Iranian Prime Minister, Ahmad Qavam, leading to an agreement on 13 June 1946 for the Iranian Azerbaijan Parliament to be changed to a Provincial Council (ff 278-279).From October 1946, amidst a deteriorating political situation, and in the run up to December elections, preparations in Iranian Azerbaijan for armed resistance against Iran.From 10 December 1946, reports of Iranian troops launching attacks in Iranian Azerbaijan, prior to their arrival in Tabriz on 13 December 1946 (f 156, f 115).Discussion amongst British officials over their role in supporting the Iranian Government, with support from British (and US) officials being declared on 10 December 1946, immediately after the Iranian Government’s military action against Iranian Azerbaijan had been confirmed.Continuing reports of violence in Iranian Azerbaijan and the Mahabad District of Iran, including the arrest, imprisonment, and killing of individuals associated with the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan.A secret report on a tour of Iranian Azerbaijan, made by the Assistant British Military Attaché, 6-15 April 1947 (ff 25-40).1 file (377 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 378; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Copies of correspondence exchanged between British officials (the Foreign Office, the Board of Trade, and the British Consulate at Sistan and Kain [Ka’īn]), and between Raymond Cecil Parr of the British Legation at Tehran, and the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mirza Mohamed Ali Khan Feroughi, concerning the imposition of taxes in Persia [Iran] upon certain imported goods, notably imported alcoholic products. Letters from Feroughi, along with details of the Persian Government’s new taxes, are in French.1 file (35 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 36; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-34; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.
The file concerns the British Consulate at Tabriz.The file covers:office expendituregrant of an allowance to the Acting Consulemployment of a clerk-typistcost of living in Tabrizproposal to grant a bonus on salaries of staffoffice allowance grants.The file is composed of correspondence between the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Government of India, the British Consulate at Tabriz, the British Legation at Tehran, and the Treasury.There are some letters in French within the file, copies of letters from the French Consulate at Tabriz, the Turkish Consulate at Tabriz, the Polish Consulate at Tabriz, and the German Consulate at Tabriz.1 file (98 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 100; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
These two volumes (parts 1 and 2) contain the Kuwait trade reports for each financial year from 1923-1924 up to and including 1927-1928.As documented in the volumes, advanced copies of the reports are submitted by the Political Agent, Kuwait (Major James Carmichael More), to the Persian Gulf Political Residency, Bushire, for comments, before being submitted to the Residency again, as well as to the following recipients: the Foreign Office, London; the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department, Delhi; the Chief Collector of Customs, Karachi (until the end of 1924 only).Each report gives an overview of trade for that year, including summaries of the total imports and exports (in sterling), which include brief explanations for any marked increase or decrease in the imports or exports of particular goods. Also included in the reports are brief summaries of the following in relation to Kuwait: geographical extent and size of population; currency; weights and measures; custom administration; freight, shipping and navigation; rainfall; public health; currency exchange.Each report also includes in its tables of statistics the corresponding data (i.e. quantities and values of goods) for the two preceding financial years, as well as the countries from/to which the principal articles were imported/exported.In addition to the reports the volumes contain the following:correspondence between the Political Agent and the Secretary to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, regarding discrepancies and clerical errors in the trade statistics;correspondence between the Political Agent and the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jabir as Subah [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ], regarding the former's requests for schedules of imports and exports statistics;correspondence between the Political Agency and agents of the Persian Gulf Steam Navigation Company Limited and the Mesopotamia Persia Corporation Limited, regarding rates of freight and details of imports and exports.The Arabic material in these volumes consists of several items of correspondence, most of which are between the Political Agent and the Ruler of Kuwait. The French material consists of one item of correspondence.2 volumes (392 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the volumes.Foliation: this file consists of two physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of volume one (ff 1-194) and terminates at the inside back cover of volume two (ff 195-396); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-394; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The file contains correspondence and related papers concerning the development of civil aviation in Persia (referred to as Iran from 1935), its primary focus being the activities of the German company Junkers. The file covers negotiations surrounding the grant of a five year concession to Junkers in 1927 for the provision of internal air services within Persia, and the failed negotiations surrounding an attempt by the Company to renew the agreement in 1932. It therefore also contains correspondence about the subsequent withdrawal of Junkers from Persia, and subsequent attempts by Luft Hansa to replace Junkers. Correspondence in the file also discusses a proposal from Imperial Airways to establish a Trans-Persian route between the United Kingdom (UK) and India; this is mainly related to whether the experience of Junkers should be allowed to discourage this proposal.To a lesser extent the file also covers the establishment of air mail and passenger services between Tehran and Baghdad; this ranges from a initial proposal from Airworks Limited in 1932 to the eventual establishment of a service by Iranian State Airways in 1938. Also briefly discussed is a proposal — briefly advanced by the North West Indian Trading Company — from Captain Louis Murphy in 1926 for the establishment of an air service between Duzdap [Zahedan] and Meshed [Mashhad]: see folios 155-9.The French content includes a draft contract between the Government of Persia and Junkers dated June 1925 (see folios 205-16), a copy of the final contract (see folios 139v-143) dated 9 February 1926, and a copy of a notice on changes to Junkers' Persian air services dated 17 October 1931. Occasional extracts can also be found in French.The main correspondents are as follows: HM Minister at Tehran, officials of the Air Ministry, and officials of the Foreign Office. The correspondence is periodically forwarded to the Under-Secretary of State for India by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (284 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 285; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top centre of the recto side of each folio.
The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis of Persian Arabistan affairs. It was prepared by Judge Jerome Antony Saldanha of the Bombay Provincial Civil Service, and published in 1903 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.The contents of the volume run as follows:Chapter 1, entitled
Internal affairs, 1876-1904, including: early history of the region, up until 1873; early history of the Kaab tribe; murder of Shaikh Lufti, Kaab chief; death of Haji Jabir Khan, Governor of Mohammerah [Khorramshahr], and Shaikh Mizal’s succession; local chiefs and governors between 1878 and 1883; Govenor-Generals of Arabistan; trouble in the Kaab districts, and release of Shaikh Mizal’s brother Mahomed; disturbances in Arabistan and Persian intrigues, 1888; narrative of events, 1891-97; murder of Shaikh Mizal [Maz’al bin Jabir bin Merdaw al-Ka’bi] and succession of his brother, Shaikh Khazal [Khaz’al bin Jabir bin Merdaw al-Ka’bi], 1897.2.
Karun river[Rūd-e Kārūn]
navigation and irrigation schemes, 1871-79, including a history of the navigation and irrigation schemes, 1871-77; proposed railways from Rehst [Rasht] to Teheran, and from Teheran to the Karan river; question of navigation of the Karun, 1878-79.3.
Karun river navigation and irrigation schemes, 1881-83, including: an historical overview; navigability; trade routes; general remarks. Four appendices follow chapter 3: A) Reports by Colonel Edward Ross, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, on the Karun river navigation; reports by Captain Henry Wells on the Ahwaz canal; memoranda on the Karun river by Sir Henry Rawlinson; a report comparing routes from Ispahan [Eşfahān] to the sea, by Captain Wells; and Felix Vauvillier’s scheme for establishing water communication between Kermanshah [Khorramshahr] and Dizful [Dezfūl] (in French).4.
Opening of the Karun to navigation of all nations, 1888-89.5.
Obstacles in the way of the British enterprise on the Karan river, including: the erection of warehouses and business premises on the banks of the river; misunderstanding over tonnage dues and certification; charges against Mr John Gaskin over irregular conduct and his employment of private servants; navigation of the Upper Karun; rival enterprises and intrigues of the Shaikh of Mohammerah; embargo on grain; fanatical outbreaks of local tribes and Persian soldiers against British interest.6
. Karun river subsidy, 1890-1900.7.
Appointment of consular officers in Arabistan, including: the appointment of Mr William McDouall as Vice-Consul for Mohammerah, 1890; the appointment of Major Edmund Boteler Burton to act for McDouall; the appointment of Lieutenant David Lorimer as Vice-Consul for Arabistan; the appointment of a consular surgeon for Arabistan; headquarters and accommodation for the Vice-Consul and Consular Surgeon at Arabistan; attack on Lieutenant Lorimer and Colonel Douglas.8.
Construction of roads in aid of the Karun river trade.9.
Desire of Shaikh Khazal to place himself under British protection: interference of Belgian customs administration in Mohammerah Customs and British intervention, 1898-1904, including Shaikh Khazal seeks British protection, 1898-99; proposed establishment of Persian customs at Mohammerah and Shaikh Khazal’s appeal to the British 1900-04; presence of Belgian customs boats on the Shat el-Arab, 1904.10.
Attempted change in the system of collection of customs on the Karun river, 1902-03.11.
Disturbed state of Arabistan: attacks on the Shushan[
Sūsa]
: measures for its protection.12.
Restoration of Ancient Elam: projected irrigation works in Arabistan, 1903-04.The appendix at the end of the volume is a memorandum on the Kaab tribe and Mohammerah, dated 6 January 1844, and written by Sir Henry Rawlinson, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia.1 volume (65 folios)The volume is arranged into twelve chapters (identified by Roman numerals), which are followed by an appendix. Between chapters 3 and 4 there are a further five appendices, relating specifically to the contents of chapter 3. Most chapters are divided up by subheadings, and all chapters (not appendices) have numbered paragraphs. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 336 at the end of the twelfth chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (f 5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referred to by their paragraph, rather than page, numbers. Appendices are also listed on the contents page.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
This file documents British concerns regarding the pan-Islamic movement, particularly in Palestine but also in other parts of the Middle East.The file features the following principal correspondents: the Viceroy of India; the Secretary of State for India; His Majesty's Ambassador in Cairo (Miles Wedderburn Lampson); the High Commissioner for Palestine (Arthur Grenfell Wauchope); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); the President of the Supreme Muslim Council, Palestine [Muḥammad Amin al-Husayni]; officials of the Foreign Office, the Government of India's Foreign Department, the Government of Palestine, and the Palestine Police Force's Criminal Investigations Department, Jerusalem.The correspondence includes discussion of the following:Reports on the activities of Mohammed Ali Allouba Pasha.The visit of Shawkat Ali [Maulana Shaukat Ali] in 1933.British concerns regarding the impact in other Muslim countries of what is referred to as Arab Palestinian propaganda.Details of the visit of an Islamic delegation to India in 1933, headed by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem [Muḥammad Amin al-Husayni], for the collection of funds for a proposed Islamic University in Palestine.Arrangements for a proposed financial contribution (one lakh of rupees, or 100,000 rupees), to be made by the Nizam of Hyderabad's Government towards the proposed Islamic University in Palestine.The views of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] on Palestine.The visit of Emir Saoud [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd] to Palestine in August 1935.Foreign Office concerns regarding a suggestion made by the Viceroy of India (Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow) in July 1940 that a pan-Islamic conference should be convened to encourage Muslim feeling against Axis expansion into British territory in the Middle East.In addition to correspondence, the file includes the following:Copies of extracts Palestine police summaries from 1933-1935.A copy of a translation of a memorandum (author unknown) written in 1935, which discusses British policy regarding Palestine, as well as Jewish immigration and Zionism, from a Palestinian Muslim perspective.The French material in this file consists of a copy of a French translation of a sermon given by Sheikh el Maraghi [Muhammad Mustafa al-Maraghi] in early 1938.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).1 file (160 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 161; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-160; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The volume contains Enclosures to Despatches from the Secret Department of HM's Government of Bombay, Bombay Castle, to the Political and Secret Department of the India Office. The Despatches are dated 9 January 1860 to 22 June 1860. The Enclosures contain correspondence dated 1859-60.The main subjects covered by the Enclosures include: Aden affairs (including French influence in the Red Sea, and the slave trade); Zanzibar Affairs (especially the slave trade); Turkish Arabia affairs (general reports, including telegraphic communications, relations with Persia, river transport, and grain shortages); and Bahrain Affairs (especially the threat of conflict with the Emirate of Najd, and alleged overtures by the Ruler of Bahrain to surrender sovereignty over Bahrain to Persia or the Ottoman Empire, IOR/L/PS/5/504, ff 286-334).1 volume (424 folios)There is an alphabetical subject index to the Enclosures on folios 360-423. The page references in the index refer to the original pagination sequence in the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 426; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original pagination sequence.
The item consists of a concession for navigation on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which sets out terms and conditions.It was signed by the Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire (Ibrahim Hakki Pasha) and Baron Inchcape (James Lyle Mackay) – on behalf of the Secretary of State for India, on 12 December 1913.The main body of the document is in French.1 item (7 folios)
In continuation of Persia No 1 (1911): Cd 5656.Consists of correspondence and memoranda, primarily between HM Minister at Tehran, HM Ambassador to Russia, HM Councillor at Tehran, the Russian Minister at Tehran, and the Persian Government.1 item (98 folios)A table of contents can be found at folios 76-84.
Enclosures Nos. 3-4 to Despatch No. 24 from the Secret Department, Bombay Castle, dated 7 June 1860. The Enclosures are dated 13 April-30 May 1860. Received 12 July 1860.The Enclosures include a report from Lieutenant-Colonel Christopher Palmer Rigby, Consul and British Agent, Zanzibar, concerning the French Consul's decision to break off relations with the Sultan of Zanzibar, and a French threat to use force. Rigby suggests that the French action arose from the Sultan's friendly attitude toward the British Government. The Enclosure contains correspondence (some in French) between the British Consul and the French naval commander at Zanzibar.1 item (22 folios)
This volume relates to the eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia and the southern boundary of Qatar.Much of the correspondence discusses the legal and international position of what is referred to as the 'blue line' (the frontier which marked the Ottoman Government's renunciation of its claims to Bahrain and Qatar, as laid down in the non-ratified Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 and redefined and adopted in the Anglo-Ottoman convention of the following year), which is regarded by the British as the eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia, but is disputed by the Saudi Government, mainly on the grounds that it is no longer correct, following various developments during the years since the line was demarcated.British concerns regarding these boundaries follow a recent oil concession for the Hasa [Al Hasa] region of Saudi Arabia, granted by the Saudi Government to the Standard Oil Company of California, as well as reports of the possibility of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company securing an oil concession in Qatar.Related matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:The British policy regarding the blue line.The views of India Office and Foreign Office officials, as well as other British officials (most notably Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, former Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, Political Agent at Kuwait), regarding the demarcation of the southern boundary of Qatar.British concerns regarding the land lying between the blue line and the southern boundary of Qatar, as recognised by the Sheikh of Qatar [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī].A request for a copy of the 1913 Anglo-Ottoman Convention, submitted by the United States Embassy in Angora [Ankara] – reportedly on behalf of the United States' State Department – to its British counterpart, and the wider significance of this request in relation to the United States' oil interests in the region.Foreign Office concerns that aerial survey work carried out by the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc) in relation to its Hasa oil concession might extend beyond the blue line.The volume features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle); the Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson); the Secretary of State for India (Samuel Hoare); the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs; officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Admiralty, and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.In addition to correspondence, the volume includes extracts from Bahrain political intelligence reports and minutes of meetings of the Committee of Imperial Defence's Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East, which concern the Qatar boundary.Whilst the volume contains material dating from 1923 to 1934, the vast majority of the material dates from 1934. The French material consists of a short extract from the aforementioned Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913, which is contained in copies of an India Office memorandum on the southern boundary of Qatar.The volume includes two dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (folios 3-4).1 volume (374 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 374; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers have not been foliated.
Correspondence and other papers relating to the regulation and certification of marriages between Persian women and British (including British Indian) subjects in Persia. Correspondence is chiefly between the British Legation at Tehran and the Foreign Office. The papers include: multiple copies (in English translation and French original, including two press cuttings from
Le Messager de Teheranand the
Journal de Tehran) of various laws and regulations regarding marriage and divorce in Persia, passed by the Persian Government. The new laws passed by the Persian majlis reflect the Government’s desire to increasingly regulate marriages between non-Persian men and Persian women; observations on the laws and regulations made by HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Robert Henry Clive, Reginald Hervey Hoare, and Reader William Bullard. These observations refer to Christian marriages in Persia, the question of marriage between Muslims and non-Muslims, and the consular certification of marriages; instructions for HM’s Consular Officers in Persia on the registration and issue of certificates for marriages, in accordance with the Persian Government’s marriage regulations. The file includes a number of draft texts for certifications of ‘no impediment’.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (135 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 136; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The file comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and a booklet relating to the financial situation of the Egyptian Government and the process of fiscal reform.Included in the file is:a copy (ff 20-90) of the booklet 'Projet de reforme du regime fiscal' published by the Egyptian Government, Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Commissiona letter (ff 104-110) from the Financial Secretary of the Sudan Government on the impact of a reduction in subsidy by the Egyptian GovernmentThe file features the following principal correspondents: HM Ambassador to Egypt and the Sudan (Sir Miles Wedderburn Lampson); the Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Viscount Halifax); and the Financial Secretary, Sudan Government.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (121 folios)The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 123; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence between ff 20-97.
The volume contains correspondence and telegrams between the Foreign Office, His Majesty's Minister at Teheran, His Majesty's Consul at Geneva (in French), the Political Resident at Bushire and Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) representatives in regard to the settling of the dispute between Britain and Persia at the League of Nations, due to the cancellation of the 1901 D'Arcy Concession. Subjects also include the negotiations for a new concession with APOC and the definition of the territorial waters for the new concession area. The volume also includes newspaper cuttings on the subject, from
The Times.1 volume (180 folios)The documents in the volume are mostly arranged in chronological order. There are notes at the end of the volume, (folios 194-198). The file notes are arranged chronologically and refer to documents within the file; they give a brief description of the correspondence with reference numbers in red crayon, which refer back to that correspondence in the volume.The foliation is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The numbering begins with the first item of correspondence, on number 1, 2-17; then 18 and 18A; 19-21; 22 and 22A; 23-133; 134 and 134A and carries on until 203, which is the last number given, on the inside of the back cover of the volume. Some of the folios have been paginated in error, which means that the following numbers are missing from the foliation sequence: f. 48; f. 50; f. 52; f. 54; f. 56; f. 58; f. 60; f. 62; f. 64; f. 72; f. 74; f. 76; f. 80; f. 82; f. 101; ff. 103-105; f. 107; f. 109; f. 111; f. 113; f. 115; f. 117; f. 119; f. 121; f. 123; f. 125; f. 132; f. 138; f. 144.
The volume comprises notes, memoranda, copies of correspondence and other papers, relating to an agreement reached between the British and Persian Governments for the construction of a telegraph cable line between the telegraph station at Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām] and Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās], and a subsequent dispute between the British and Persian Governments over the location of the telegraph office in Bunder Abbas. The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Percy Zachariah Cox); the British Ambassador (or Chargé d’Affaires) at Tehran (Sir Arthur Henry Hardinge; Sir Evelyn Mountstuart Grant Duff); the Assistant Resident and British Consul at Bandar-e ʻAbbās (Lieutenant William Henry Irvine Shakespear).The volume’s papers include:proposals, set out by British officials, for a telegraph cable running between Henjam and Bunder Abbas, chiefly for the benefit of the Indian merchant community at the latter place;papers detailing negotiations between British and Persian officials through 1905 concerning the construction of the telegraph cable from Henjam to Bunder Abbas, and the construction and operation of a telegraph office at Bundar Abbas. Much of the discussion centres on the running and costs of the telegraph office at Bundar Abbas, in response to the Persian Government’s insistence that they run the office, and the British Government’s insistence that only Persians be employed in the office (in order to prevent the appointment of Russian telegraphists). A printed copy of the agreement for the construction of the telegraph line from Henjam to Bunder Abbas, dated 13 May 1905, is included in the volume (f 149);copies of telegrams and other papers dated 1906, documenting the construction of telegraph facilities at Bunder Abbas, including British intentions to run the cable via their consular buildings, Persian objection to the proposals, and the protracted dispute over the location of the telegraph office that ensued;correspondence dated 1909, including a letter from Sir George Head Barclay at the British Embassy in Tehran, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Sir Edward Grey, dated 8 March 1909, confirming that the dispute between the British and Persian authorities over the location of a telegraph office at Bunder Abbas has been resolved (ff 20-21).1 volume (235 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 237; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 130-143; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
The volume discusses the disputed Turco-Persian Frontier, particularly at Mohammerah, and the negotiations in Constantinople to attempt to settle it.The correspondence focuses on:the differences of opinion over the actual boundary at Mohammerah, including several maps demonstrating these differences;movements of Turkish and Russian troops;ownership of the Shat-el-Arab and questions of access for navigation;copies of treaties, correspondence and memoranda dating back to 1639 relating to the question of the Turco-Persian frontier.The principal correspondents in the volume are the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Secretary of State for India (Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Sir Percy Zachariah Cox); the British Ambassador to Constantinople (Sir Gerard Lowther); the British Ambassador to Russia (Sir George Buchanan); the Viceroy of India (Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst); the British Ambassador to Tehran (Sir George Head Barclay); representatives of the Foreign Office (particularly Alwyn Parker) and the India Office; and Arthur Talbot Wilson, on special duty in relation to the Turco-Persian Frontier.This volume is part one of two. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (436 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 1356 (Turco-Persian Frontier) consists of 2 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/266-267. The volumes are divided into two parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 436; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
The file contains an exchange of letters in April 1934 between India Office officials and Mr Stephen Gaselee, the Foreign Office Librarian, about acceding to the Iraqi Government’s request for a copy of the ‘Memorandum respecting the Utilisation of the Waters of a River flowing through two States’ dated 19 August 1926, by Mr A F Orchard of the Foreign Office Library. The memorandum, which contains French and English extracts from international legal instruments, is included in the file.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (7 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 7; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Papers regarding negotiations to amend the borders between French-mandated Syria, and British-mandated Iraq and Trans-Jordan. The papers discuss the boundaries established by the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Treaty of Sèvres, the British push for the inclusion of Amadiyah within the Iraq mandated territories, and the issue of tribal groups crossing border regions. The papers primarily consist of communications between the Foreign Office, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and the High Commissioner for Iraq, with occasional commentary from the India Office Political Department.The file also contains copies of treaties, minutes and appendices from the Committee of Imperial Defence, Standing Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East, and minutes and documents circulated by the Council of the League of Nations, including:Memorandum by the High Commissioner for Iraq, stating objections to the frontiers established by the Treaty of Sèvres, including two maps, ff 375-380.Minutes and appendices of the Foreign Office meeting of 13 July 1931, including copies of the Humphrys-Ponsot Draft for Combined Reference to the Council of the League of Nations, and a copy of the Agreement between HMG and the French Government respecting the Boundary Lines between Syria and Palestine from the Mediterranean to El Hammé, Treaty Series No. 13 (1923), ff 315-349.Papers circulated at the Committee of Imperial Defence Sub-Committee meeting of 8 September 1931, including correspondence with the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs concerning the Beirut formula, ff 238-314.Minutes of the Committee of Imperial Defence Sub-Committee meeting of 23 September 1931, including a sketch map of the Syria-Trans-Jordan frontier, and a report by the British Resident at Trans-Jordan, ff 141-209.Second report by Sir Francis Humphrys on his negotiations in Paris regarding the Syrian frontier, and annexes comprising draft agreements, ff 67-75.Excerpt minutes of the 65th Session of the Council of the League of Nations, 9 December 1931, including copies of the joint request for arbitration submitted by Britain and France, ff 48-66; plus minutes of the sessions on 31 October 1931, and 30 January 1932, ff 37-46.Copy of the League of Nations Mandate, Report of the Commission entrusted by the Council with the Study of the Frontier between Syria and Iraq, Geneva, 10 September 1932 (Official reference: C. 578. M. 285. 1932. VI), ff 6-28, which includes four maps (IOR/W/L/PS/12/2848 (i), IOR/W/L/PS/12/2848 (ii), IOR/W/L/PS/12/2848 (iii) and IOR/W/L/PS/12/2848 (iv)).The volume includes a divider giving a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 4).1 volume (386 folios)The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 388; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-385; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
Part 1 relates to a proposed draft convention between Britain, China, and Thibet [Tibet] (completed in April 1914 and referred to in the correspondence as the Tripartite Convention) and its impact on parts of the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907.The correspondence largely consists of copies of telegrams and letters from Sir George William Buchanan, Ambassador to St Petersburgh [Saint Petersburg], to Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, regarding the former's meetings with the Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs [Sergei Dmitrievich Sazonov] during May 1914. This correspondence documents Buchanan's efforts to secure not only the assent of the Russian Government to proposals made in the draft convention, but also certain revisions to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, including the abrogation of the self-denying engagements taken by the two governments in relation to Thibet, as recorded in article 4 of the Convention.Part 1 of the volume also contains correspondence between the Government of India, the India Office, and the Foreign Office, which discusses Russia's terms for agreeing to the Tripartite Convention (one of which being the deletion of article 10, on the grounds that, in the opinion of the Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs, it would make Britain 'the arbiter of Thibet's destinies').Other matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:the drafting of a joint declaration, described as a potential pendant to the Tripartite Convention, whereby Russia would reaffirm its adherence to the principle that Afghanistan is outside the sphere of Russian political influence and Britain would agree not to support 'any applications by British subjects for irrigation works, railways, or preferential rights for commercial or industrial enterprises in Northern Afghanistan';the Chinese Government's refusal to sign the Tripartite Convention;the British Government's response to the Bolshevik Party's publication in November 1917 of secret diplomatic documents, some of which reveal the secret negotiations between Britain and Russia regarding Northern Afghanistan.The principal correspondents are the following: the Ambassador to St Petersburgh [Saint Petersburg] (Sir George William Buchanan); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey, succeeded by Arthur James Balfour); officials of the Foreign Office; the Permanent Under-Secretary of State, India Office (Thomas William Holderness); the Secretary of State for India [Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, succeeded by Joseph Austen Chamberlain]; the Viceroy of India [Charles Hardinge, succeeded by Frederic John Napier Thesiger]; the Secretary to the India Office's Political and Secret Department (Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel, succeeded by John Evelyn Shuckburgh); the Press Bureau.In addition to correspondence, part 1 includes a copy of the proposed Tripartite Convention, dated 27 April 1914. The French material in this part of the volume consists of several items of diplomatic correspondence.1 item (166 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the part.
This part comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to reports on the Turco-Persian Frontier. It includes the printed report 'A description of the Turco-Persian Frontier (Basrah and Baghdad vilayets) from Fao to the Sirwan River' (ff 5-11). The discussion in the volume also includes notes by Mr Wratislaw, British Commissioner, on the final delimitation. The volume also includes a printed report in French 'Recueil des Procès-Verbaux des Seances de la Commission de Delimitation de la Frontiere Turco-Persane, 1914-18' (ff 30-128).This part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 part file (173 folios)The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume. The subject 5094 (Turco-Persian Frontier Commission) consists of one volume.
This file consists of correspondence between the British Embassy, Cairo, and the Foreign Office, extracts from political and economic reports, and a news bulletin from the
Journal Officielrelated to the appointment of the 'Rector' and 'Vice Rector' of el Ashar [al-Azhar].1 file (8 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 10; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains correspondence related to the internal politics and foreign relations of Iraq between 1933 and 1945. The majority of this correspondence is from the British Embassy in Baghdad to the Foreign Office in London (with the Political Residency at Bushire copied in).The file contains detailed discussions regarding political developments in the country including a report about the 1936 military coup that contains a summary of events, an assessment of the strength of the Iraqi armed forces, a translation of the coup's manifesto, and a discussion of the coup's significance.The file also contains a pamphlet published by the Iraqi Government entitled
'Documents relating to the adherence of Iraq to the Declaration of the United Nations, Signed at Washington on 2nd January, 1942'.1 volume (276 folios)Circled index numbers written in red crayon are also present in the volume and the index pages (ff 252-262) at the rear of the volume have been paginated using a combination of pencil, ink and type.A bound correspondence volume.The main foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled and can be found in the top right of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence runs between ff 2B-251; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.Foliation anomalies: 1A and 1B; 82A and 82B; 86A and 86B; 149A, 149B and 149C; 179A and 179B; 185A and 185B; 206A and 206B; 233A and 233B.
Bound volume containing two secret reports, both authored by Colonel Wilfrid Malleson (referred to as Division of the Chief of the Staff in the first report, and Assistant Quarter Master General for Intelligence in the second), and both issued by the Division of the Chief of the Staff in 1909.The first report is entitled
Statistics regarding the Masqat [Muscat] Arms Traffic (Revised.)(ff 4-16), and contains several appendices and fold-out tables giving details of: caravan routes along which arms trafficking is carried out on the Makran coast; total values of arms and ammunition imported into Muscat and other Persian Gulf ports; importers and (European) exports of arms.The second report is entitled
Special Reports on the Masqat Arms Traffic, Season 1908-09(ff 17-60), and comprises a number of reports on the arms trade through Muscat, submitted by ‘secret agents’, and a map illustrating the arms traffic from Muscat to Persia, Baluchistan and Afghanistan (f 59). The report also includes two appendices, lettered G and H. Appendix G is a letter (in French) dated 28 October 1907, from M Pick to Messieurs Malcom and Company of Muscate [Muscat]. Appendix H comprises lists (in French) of arms for sale, with prices given in French francs.The voluime includes a map illustrating the Muscat arms traffic, dated 1909, indicating routes taken by the Muscat arms trade from the Persian (Makran) coast and inland, into Persia, Baluchistan and Afghanistan (f 59).1 volume (60 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 62; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: this part also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume contains parts 1 and 2 of the subject 'Arabia: Relations with Ibn Saud'.Part 1 (IOR/L/PS/10/1165/1) concerns the recognition of Ibn Saud as king of Hedjaz.Part 2 (IOR/L/PS/10/1165/2) concerns the revision of the treaty on the relations between HM Government and Arabia.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (577 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 87 (Arabia) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/1165-1166. The volumes are divided into four parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume, parts 3 and 4 comprising the second volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 579; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-576; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The volume contains papers relating to the ownership and sovereignty of the islands of Tamb and Abu Musa (and Little Tamb and Sirri) in the Persian Gulf, and negotiations for a general treaty between the United Kingdom and Persia [Iran]. The papers mainly consist of correspondence and India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers.Most of the volume concerns the seizure of a dhow [sailing vessel] from Debai [Dubai] (according to the reports of British officials) near the island of Tamb (also spelled Tunb and Tanb in the volume) by Persian customs officials. The British Government considered the island of Tamb to be owned by the Shaikh of Ras al Khaimah, and the papers discuss the expectation of the Trucial Shaikhs that Britain should take action against Persia, in accordance with Britain’s Treaty obligations to the Trucial Shaikhs. Thus, the papers also concern: the British Government’s claim for compensation from the Persian Government for the Trucial Shaikhs and the passengers of the dhow; the response of the Persian Government that Tamb was Persian territory and that therefore this incident took place in Persian territorial waters, and that the dhow was carrying smuggled goods; and the proposal that the British Government should immediately pay 5,000 rupees from Indian revenues as compensation to those affected by the Tamb incident, in anticipation of any settlement of the claim against Persia.The Tamb incident raised the general question of the claim of the Trucial Shaikhs to the islands of Tamb and Abu Musa (the latter of which was considered by the British Government to be owned by the Shaikh of Sharjah) as well as Little Tamb and Sirri. Thus the volume also includes: papers relating to an article drafted by the British Government for inclusion in a forthcoming general treaty with Persia, under which Persia would withdraw its claim to Tamb, Little Tamb, and Abu Musa, in return for the Trucial Jowasimi [Qawasim] Shaikhs relinquishing their claim to Sirri; and negotiations between the British Government and the Persian Government about this and other issues, as part of the general treaty negotiations with Persia.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf; the Admiralty; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Foreign Office; the Commander in Chief, East Indies; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Colonial Office; HM Chargé d’Affaires, Tehran, and HM Minister, Tehran.The volume also includes a copy of the India Office memorandum ‘Status of the Islands of Tamb, Little Tamb, Abu Musa, and Sirri.’, by John Gilbert Laithwaite, dated 24 August 1928.In addition, the volume includes the following items in French: correspondence between Sir Robert Clive, HM Minister at Tehran, and Abdolhossein Teymourtache [Teymūrtāsh], the Persian Minister of Court, dated January to March 1930; correspondence between Clive and Mirza Mohamed Ali Khan Feroughi, the Persian Minister of Foreign Affairs, dated 9 August and 21 October 1930, and an Aide-mémoire by the British Legation at Tehran, dated 21 October 1930.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (535 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.The subject 4535 (Persian Gulf, and Persia: telegraphs) consists of nine files (seven volumes and two physical files), IOR/L/PS/10/1266-1274. The files are divided into seventeen parts, with parts 1 and 3 comprising one volume, part 2 comprising the second volume, part 5 comprising the third file, part 7 comprising the third and fourth volumes, parts 8 and 11 comprising the fifth volume, parts 13 to 15 comprising the sixth volume, part 16 comprising the seventh file, and parts 10 and 17 comprising the eighth volume.A location list on folio 5 of IOR/L/PS/10/1271 and IOR/L/PS/10/1272 states that part 4 is Coll 30/75 (IOR/L/PS/12/3792), part 6 is Coll 29/68 (IOR/L/PS/12/3644), part 9 is Coll 30/17 (IOR/L/PS/12/3727), and part 12 is P 4480/1923 Pt 2 (IOR/L/PS/10/1099).Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 532; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence between ff 193-532, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
The file concerns the postal service in Persia and in the Persian Gulf.The file contains:Review of postal service in Persia [Iran] and in the Persian Gulf, with complaints of inefficiencies since their transfer under Persian administration, 1923Bushire - Shiraz mail service, 1923Proposed appointment of a Persian Director-General of Posts in Persia, whilst the Foreign Office was suggesting a Belgian to be appointed instead, 1924Appointment of Prince Moazed-ed-Dowleh as Director General of Posts, 1924Refusal of Persian Government to pay claims for loss of registered postal parcels, 1924Transfer of the Indian Post Office of exchange from Duzdap [Zahedan] to Mirjawa [Mirjaveh], 1925Transmission of parcels between Europe and Persia via Iraq, 1925Additional parcel post service via Lebanon, Syria and Iraq to Tehran, 1926Relations between Duzdap Railway authorities and Persian Customs administration, 1926Proposal for establishing insured parcel service between Persia and India via Duzdap, 1928Indian Exchange Post Office at Mirjawa, 1932; proposed closure of, 1939.The file is composed of correspondence between: HM Legation at Tehran; HM Consulate for Sistan and Kain; the Foreign Office; the India Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Persian Ministry for Foreign Affairs; the Secretary of State for India; Anglo-Persian Oil Company; the Superintendent of Post Offices for Baluchistan; and the General Post Office.There are letters in French in the file, from the Universal Postal Union, from the Foreign Office to the Persian Government, and from the Director-General of the Persian Postal Service.1 file (204 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 205; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume, written by Valentine Chirol and printed in London by John Murray in 1903, is based on a series of letters written by Chirol during a journey through Persia and the Persian Guf, that appeared in
The Timesin 1902 and 1903.The main topics are: the concept of 'Middle East'; the Baghdad Railway; the British role in the Persian Gulf; the Russian influence over Persia; the border of Afghanistan; the North-East Frontier of India, and Tibet. An appendix at the back of the volume contains copies of international treaties, and documents in French on the Baghdad Railway.The volume contains numerous illustrations and three maps:'Sketch Map of the Borderlands of India';'Sketch Map of Asia showing railway expansion';'Sketch map of Persia and adjoining countries'.1 volume (306 folios )The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
A memorandum of the events and correspondence relating to the Turkish construction of a fort at Fao on the Shat-el-Arab. The memorandum reproduces a number of representations made by the British Government both directly to the Turkish Porte and through the Persian Government, objecting to the construction of the fort on the grounds that it was said to contravene a Turco-Persian agreement of 1847. By June 1897 the fort is said to have fallen into decay and to be without guns, but the memorandum concludes that the British must resort to other means if construction of the fort is revived. The memorandum is written by Edmund Neel, Political and Secret Department, India Office, and provides a map at folio 19.1 file (9 folios)This file consists of a single memorandum in 34 sections, with a sketch map (f 19).Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at folio 18 and terminates at folio 26, as it is part of a larger volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but one set is circled and crossed through, the other set is not circled.
This volume contains part 2 of the subject 'Persia Gulf'. It primarily concerns British policy towards Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] following the latter's occupation of Ottoman-ruled El Hassa [Al Hasa]. Included in the volume are the following:an account of a meeting between the Bahrain Political Agent (Major Arthur Prescott Trevor), the Koweit [Kuwait] Political Agent (Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear), and Bin Saud, which took place at Ojair [Al ‘Uqayr] in December 1913;discussion as to how the British will form a working understanding with Bin Saud whilst also pursuing a policy of supporting and maintaining the Turkish Empire;a recommendation from the officiating Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, John Gordon Lorimer, that a British Native Agent be posted to Katif [Al Qaţīf] to mediate between the Political Agent in Bahrain and Bin Saud's local governors;discussion (between the Government of India, His Majesty's Ambassador to Constantinople, and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs) as to whether or not Britain should act as a mediator between the Ottoman government and Bin Saud, in order to ensure that any arrangement made between the two parties is not hostile to British interests;a proposal from the British India Steam Navigation Company to run a local line of steamers between Bahrein [Bahrain], Katif, Ojair, and Katr [Qatar];debate over whether a British decoration should be bestowed upon Sheikh Mubarak bin Sabah [Shaikh Mubarak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] of Koweit prior to the Anglo-Turkish agreements being ratified, following reports that the Sheikh may be about to receive a Turkish decoration;Shakespear's account of further meetings with Bin Saud;reports of a settlement between the Turkish government and Bin Saud, and of Bin Saud's appointment as Vali of Nejd;a translated copy of the treaty between Bin Saud and the Turkish Government, dated 15 May 1914.Correspondents include the following:Secretary to the Government of India's Foreign Department;Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, followed by John Gordon Lorimer, Captain Richard Lockington Birdwood, and Major Stuart George Knox as successive officiating residents);Political Agent, Bahrain (Major Arthur Prescott Trevor);Political Agent, Kuwait (Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, succeeded by Lieutenant-Colonel William George Grey);Viceroy of India (Charles Hardinge);Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey);Foreign Office;His Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople (Sir Louis du Pan Mallet);Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India (Thomas William Holderness);Bin Saud;Hakki Pasha [Ibrahim Hakki Pasha, in charge of negotiations with His Majesty's Government, concerning Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf].The part includes a divider that gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in the part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (269 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2182 (Persia Gulf) consists of 8 volumes: IOR/L/PS/10/384-391. The volumes are divided into 12 parts with part 1 comprising the first volume, part 2 comprising the second volume, part 3 comprising the third volume, parts 4-5 comprising the fourth volume, part 6 comprising the fifth volume, parts 7-8 comprising the sixth volume, parts 9-10 comprising the seventh volume, and parts 11-12 comprising the eighth volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 271; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 6-270; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The file contains papers of the Political Agency, Kuwait, relating to the American Mission.It includes correspondence between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and the following: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Dr C S G Mylrea of the American Mission, Kuwait, and Shaikh Ahmad al-Jabir as-Subah, Ruler of Kuwait; regarding the American Mission purchasing one acre of land adjoining their property.It also includes:correspondence between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and Mylrea, regarding debts owed by the American dentist Dr Reasonercorrespondence between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, and between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and Reverend John Van Ess of the American Mission, Basrah [Basra], concerning Van Ess’s request for the texts of certain agreements and treaties for the purposes of lecturing in Americacorrespondence between the Political Agency, Kuwait, and L D Scott and others, relating to the presentation of a gift for Reverend Mr Barny, who is leaving the Gulf after forty years in the American Mission to Arabiacorrespondence between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and Dr P W Harrison, American Mission, Kuwait, concerning a petition received by the Ruler of Kuwait signed by a number of Kuwaitis, appealing against the return of Dr Mylrea as Mission DoctorThere are three folios of documents in Arabic in the file: a letter (for which there is a copy translated into English) and land deeds from Sheik Ahmad al-Jabir as-Subah, Ruler of Kuwait. The text of two copies of Articles 5-7 of the Kuwait section of the Anglo-Turkish Agreement of 1913, also included in the file, is in French.1 file (54 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 54; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 3-53, and ff 16-28; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The papers cover the election of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] as king in 1926, his assumption of the title of King of the Hedjaz and Sultan of Nejd and its dependencies, his
de jurerecognition by HM Government and others, the delay on the part of the Egyptian Government in recognising Ibn Saud's position as king, the British attitude towards the Nejd-Hedjaz conflict, salutes to the Hedjaz flag, and the breakdown of negotiations for the recognition of Ibn Saud by the Italian Government. The papers also cover Ibn Saud's proposal to send a delegate to the International Sanitary Conference in 1926, and to become signatory of the International Sanitary Convention.The principal correspondents are the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, HM Consul at Jeddah, and the Viceroy.There are newspapers cuttings from
Forwardand
The Times;
and a letter in French, from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.1 item (152 folios)
The file contains correspondence relating to Customs charges and procedures at the Port of Kuwait, Customs co-operation between the Kuwait Customs authorities, the Persian Customs authorities at Bushire and the British Collector of Customs at Basra, and also detailed reports of the negotiations in 1923 between the Ruler of Kuwait and Ibn Saud (the Sultan of Najd) about proposed Najd Customs collection at Kuwait. The majority of the correspondence is between the British Political Agent at Kuwait and the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire. It includes several letters of complaint received from British companies and commercial agents operating in the Persian Gulf, mainly with regard to import and export charges levied on their shipped goods by the Kuwait Customs authorities. The Arabic correspondence in the file consists mainly of an exchange of letters between the Political Agent at Kuwait and the Ruler of Kuwait. There is also a small amount of correspondence in French from the Inspector General of Persian Customs at Bushire to the Secretary to the Political Resident at Bushire, in 1927 and 1928.1 file (203 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 205; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two irregular additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.Condition: a small amount of text is difficult to read because the edge of the paper is torn (folios 105, 145 and 146).
Correspondence concerning the mining of red oxide on Abu Musa island owned by Shaikh Sagar bin Khaled of Sharjah. Letters reference the Protectorate Treaties 1897 clause that the Protectorate Sheikhs should on "no account, cede, sell, mortgage or otherwise give for occupation any part of my territory save to the British government." Correspondence describes how the concession had been given to a British subject and then to a German concessionaire. The concession to the German company was then cancelled but mining operations continued. Letters detail the arrangements for the dispatch of a British gun-boat if required. Correspondents include the Political Resident Persian Gulf; Assistant Secretary to Government of India in the Foreign Department; Residency Agent, Lingah; Residency Agent, Sharjah.1 volume (228 folios)The papers are arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: The foliation system in use is the sequence of numbers appearing in a circle in the top right hand corner of each folio. The file also bears a foliation system comprising of uncircled numbers written in blue.
This file contains correspondence between British officials (primarily from the Foreign Office and the India Office) concerning two interrelated topics; the Persian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain and discussions over whether or not Bahrain should be considered part of the British Empire for the purposes of the Import Duties Act of 1932.The file contains two memoranda concerning the history of Bahrain:1) 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' written by J G Laithwaite of the India Office, 1934 (ff 11-34); 2) 'The History of the Bahrein Islands' written by the Foreign Office Research Department, 1945 (ff 217-218).A number of translations and cuttings of press articles related to the sovereignty of Bahrain (in Faris, Arabic, French and English) are contained in the file.The file also contains letters in Arabic (with English translations) from the rulers of Qatar (f 155), Bahrain (f 157), Umm al-Quwain (f 165) and Abu Dhabi (f 169), sent to the British Political Agent in Bahrain in response to a letter informing them that their territories were to be granted 'imperial preference' as per the Import Duties Act, 1932 (f 154).1 file (249 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-230; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superceeded and therefore crossed out.
The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, newspaper cuttings, maps and notes, relating to negotiations over the proposed Berlin to Baghdad Railway in the period 1903-1907.The discussion in the volume relates to the economic, commercial, political and military considerations impinging on British strategy for the international negotiations over the development of a railway to Baghdad in particular as formulated in the Baghdad Railway Convention (1903) and the financial viability of the railway. The terms of possible British, French, Russian, Ottoman and German participation are debated including the Baghdad Railway Convention. Also discussed are the terms of loans made to the Persian Government and the desirability of ensuring that any extension from Baghdad to a terminus on the shores of the Gulf was controlled by Britain.Further discussion surrounds the motivations and strategies of British competitors in the area. The volume features a copy (ff 385-396) of the text of the 'Baghdad Railway: Board of Trade Memorandum', a number of newspaper cuttings from German and British media, as well as seven maps.The principal correspondents in the volume include the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne; Sir Edward Grey), His Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople (Sir Nicholas O'Connor), the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Charles Hardinge, Sir Thomas Henry Sanderson), the Under-Secretary of State for India (Earl Percy, Sir Arthur Godley), the Viceroy of India (Lord Curzon of Keddleston), the Secretary to the Political and Secret Department of the India Office (Sir Richmond Richie) and the London Manager of the Imperial Bank of Persia (George Newell).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (405 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2764 (Bagdad Railway) consists of five volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/56-60. The volumes are divided into five parts with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 405; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This file contains correspondence regarding alleged smuggling activities from Kuwait into Iraq. The correspondence discusses a number of topics including incursions into Kuwaiti territory made by Iraqi Customs and Police Forces, arms smuggling, the demarcation of the Kuwait-Iraq frontier, the possibility of Kuwait constructing frontier posts and an idea for the creation of a British-led armed force in Kuwait.Primarily, the file contains internal correspondence between British officials, but it also contains translated copies of correspondence between Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, the ruler of Kuwait and the British Political Agent in Kuwait, as well as correspondence between the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the British Embassy in Baghdad.1 volume (225 folios)File is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end.Serial numbers in red crayon refer to entries in the notes at the rear of the file.Condition: A bound correspondence volume.Foliation: The file's main foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is present between ff 3-89A; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.The file contains the following foliation errors: 2, 2A, and 2B; 89, and 89A and the following folio is omitted: 190.
The volume contains papers relating to the question of British authorities allowing foreign subjects, mainly German, Austrian, Swedish and Swiss subjects, to enter Persia [Iran], and the desire of the British Government to prevent German agents, and individuals suspected of having pro-German sympathies, from entering Persia.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (241 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of each part of the volume.The subject 390 (Persia:- Exclusion of Undesirable Aliens) consists of one volume only. The volume is divided into three parts.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 243; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file concerns regulations issued by the Government of Iran (generally referred to in the papers as Persia) governing the passage of foreign warships through Iranian territorial waters, and visits by foreign warships to Iranian ports.The papers include reports from HM Minister, Tehran; the Iranian desire for control over their territorial waters; official discussion of the effect on Royal Navy ships; correspondence from the Admiralty; the question of the scale of gun salutes prescribed by Iranian regulations for foreign warships visiting Iranian ports; the question of the method of notification to be given by Royal Navy ships of their arrival in Iranian ports; the right of 'innocent passage' for warships through territorial waters (paper by the Foreign Office, folios 139-143); British agreement to allow Iranian warships to visit Bombay for repairs, and the desire of the British for a reciprocal attitude from Iran on the question of notification (1936); agreement reached on the arrangements (folio 27); and papers dated 1946 concerning protests in the Iranian press over the alleged presence of two Royal Navy warships in Iranian territorial waters.The papers include some correspondence from the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.There are no papers in the file dated 1937-45.The French content of the file consists of a single quoted passage on folio 142.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file, in two parts (232 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: this file consists of two physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of part one (ff 1-119) and terminates at the inside back cover of part two (ff 120-236); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-235; these numbers are printed.
The file contains correspondence concerning a draft agreement between the British and the French governments for the purpose of establishing certain reciprocal facilities for the operation of military flights in or over their territories. The file includes draft copies of the agreement in English and in French. It also includes correspondence regarding obtaining permission from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman for the use of the landing facilities in Salalah, Masirah and Gwadur by French aircrafts.The main correspondents in the file are: the Commonwealth Relations Office, London; the Political Agent, Muscat; Air Officer Commanding British Forces, Aden; and the Political Resident, Bushire and Bahrain.1 file (64 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file. Folios 63-65 are file notes.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 66; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-61; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This volume, which is divided into three parts, contains papers relating to treaty negotiations between the United Kingdom and Persia [Iran], and British policy in the Persian Gulf.Part 13 concerns the question of the removal of the flagstaff of the British Political Residency at Bushire from outside the Residency grounds.Part 14 relates to communications between British authorities in the Persian Gulf.Part 15 mainly concerns the inclusion of arbitration provisions in the General Treaty and the Commercial Treaty being negotiated between the United Kingdom and Persia.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (223 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of each part of the volume.The subject 4535 (Persian Gulf, and Persia: telegraphs) consists of nine files (seven volumes and two physical files), IOR/L/PS/10/1266-1274. The files are divided into seventeen parts, with parts 1 and 3 comprising one volume, part 2 comprising the second volume, part 5 comprising the third file, part 7 comprising the third and fourth volumes, parts 8 and 11 comprising the fifth volume, parts 13 to 15 comprising the sixth volume, part 16 comprising the seventh file, and parts 10 and 17 comprising the eighth volume.A location list on folio 5 of IOR/L/PS/10/1271 and IOR/L/PS/10/1272 states that part 4 is Coll 30/75 (IOR/L/PS/12/3792), part 6 is Coll 29/68 (IOR/L/PS/12/3644), part 9 is Coll 30/17 (IOR/L/PS/12/3727), and part 12 is P 4480/1923 Pt 2 (IOR/L/PS/10/1099).Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 225; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume discusses the arms trade at Muscat and attempts by the British Government and the Sultan of Muscat to prohibit it; also included are reports and discussions from the Conference on Arms Traffic which was being held in Brussels in 1909 at the same time as the discussions in the volume.Included in the volume is correspondence with the French Consul at Muscat (Lucien-Ernest-Roger Laronce, and Charles Céleste Albert Jeannier) and representatives of the Government of France regarding both the need for French co-operation to enforce the prohibition, and suspicions that French merchants at Muscat were involved in the trade.The later correspondence discusses the following: a proposal made by the French Government that would have seen the Gambia being given by Britain to France; the decision by the French Government to attempt to end the arms trade in Jibuti [Djibuti]; and reports on the work of British naval authorities to stop vessels in the Persian Gulf and seize arms and ammunition.The principal correspondents for the British Government include the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Percy Zachariah Cox); the Political Agent and Consul at Maskat [Muscat] (William George Grey, Robert Erskine Holland, and Arthur Prescott Trevor); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department (Sir Louis William Dane, and Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler); the Naval Commander-in-Chief for the East Indies Station (Sir Edmund Samuel Poe, and Edmond John Warre Slade); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Secretary of State for the Colonies (Victor Alexander Bruce, Lord Elgin); the British Ambassador to France (Sir Francis Leveson Bertie, 1st Viscount Bertie of Thame), and representatives of the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, and the India Office.This volume is part 1 of 10. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (488 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 619 (Arms Traffic) consists of 7 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/111-116. The volumes are divided into 10 parts with parts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 comprising one volume each, parts 6, 7, 8, and 9 comprising the sixth volume and part 10 comprising the seventh volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 484; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two mixed foliation/pagination sequences are present in parallel between ff 229-242 and ff 258-270 respectively; these numbers are written in blue crayon.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
The volume contains papers regarding the future of Constantinople [Instanbul]. It includes: India Office minute papers; copies of correspondence between the Foreign Office and Sir George Buchanan, HM Ambassador at Petrograd [St Petersburg], and other British diplomats; draft telegrams from the Secretary of State for India addressed to the Viceroy of India; correspondence between the India Office and the Foreign Office; and other papers. Some of the correspondence is in French.Issues discussed in the papers include: whether the Constantinople Agreement, concluded between the British, French and Russian governments in March 1915 (under the terms of which Constantinople and the Straits of the Dardanelles would be annexed to the Russian Empire), should be made public; the possible effect upon Muslims in India of the announcement of the agreement; and the question of the re-conversion of the St Sophia [Hagia Sophia] mosque in Constantinople into a Christian church.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (259 folios)The subject 3579 (Turkey: the future of Constantinople) consists of one volume, IOR/L/PS/10/623.The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 259; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves have not been foliated.
The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to Italian claims and policy in the Arabian Peninsula in the context of British policy in the Arabian Peninsula particularly in relation to the Hejaz, Asir and the Yemen.The discussion in the volume relates to the visit of Italian officials, soldiers and naval ships to Jeddah, Hejaz. Further discussion surrounds debate over the Italian relationship with the Idrīsī Imām of ʻAsīr and whether the Imām was engaged in intrigues with the Italians. Also discussed is the Italian proposal to recruit Arabs from ʻAsīr into the Italian colonial forces for duty in Italian Somaliland.Documents in the volume include:'Agreement with the Idrisi Saiyid regarding the Farasan Islands and Other Matters' (ff 10-13).'British Interests in Arabia' (ff 88-89).The principal correspondents in the volume include the Under Secretary of State for India; the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; the Political Resident, Aden; the Secretary of State for India (Austen Chamberlain); and the Grand Sharif of Mecca (Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, subject headings, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (176 folios)The subject 55 (German War) consists of 5 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/524-527. The volumes are divided into 5 parts with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume each, parts 3 and 4 comprising the third volume and parts 5 and 6 comprising one volume each.The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 178; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This volume comprises parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of 8. It concerns British land policy in the occupied territories of Mesopotamia [Iraq], particularly in relation to the sale, leasing or granting of land in the occupied territories to persons or companies that are not domiciled inhabitants of the territories; also covered are proposed acquisitions of land in Mesopotamia by the British authorities, for both civil and military purposes. Much of the correspondence discusses Ottoman law, international law, and regulations or restrictions imposed by the British authorities themselves, in relation to land transfer in Mesopotamia.The French language material consists of one enclosure that accompanies an item of correspondence in part 8 of the volume.Also included with the volume are several maps and plans depicting areas or sites discussed in the correspondence.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (331 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 4613 (Iraq: Land Tenure) consists of one volume, IOR/L/PS/10/847. The volume is divided into 8 parts.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 329; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 100-160; these numbers are also written in pencil or crayon, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Enclosures Nos. 3-4 to Despatch No. 10 from the Secret Department, Bombay Castle, dated 12 March 1860. The Enclosures are dated 29 November 1859-3 January 1860. Received 5 April 1860.The Enclosures include a report from Lieutenant-Colonel Christopher Palmer Rigby, Consul and British Agent, Zanzibar, dated 29 November 1859, covering: the arrival there of a vessel flying Spanish colours, which was clearly involved in the slave trade; the actions of the Sultan of Zanzibar to prevent the vessel from engaging in slaving operations; copies of letters from a Spanish citizen who was involved in the slave trade; and copies of letters (in French only) from the French Consul. There is also a further report from Rigby on these and other matters, dated 3 January 1860.1 item (16 folios)
The volume contains the following two documents:
League of Nations, Conference for the Supervision of the International Trade in Arms and Ammunition and in Implements of War: Convention, Declaration regarding the Territory of Ifni, Protocol on Chemical and Bacteriological Warfare, Protocol of Signature, Final Act(CCIA 91 (2)) and
International Arms Traffic Conference, Geneva, May-June 1925, Report by the Delegates for India.The delegates for India named in the second of these documents are Major-General Sir Percy Zachariah Cox and Colonel W E Wilson-Johnston.The first of these documents is in both French and English.1 volume (65 folios)There are tables of contents towards the front of the first document, on folio 5v; and towards the front of the second, on folio 45v.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 66 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 13, 13A.
Memorandum written in French and published by the Foreign Office in 1874.The memorandum discusses the situation in Persia, including the interior and exterior threats the country faces, and the potential threat the situation poses to the borders of the British Empire.The perceived exterior threat to Perse is the progress and advancement of the Russian Empire in Asia and their perceived interest in occupying Merv, the ancient capital of Khorassan [Khorāsān]. The interior threat is considered to be the general situation in Persia and its difficulties in establishing administration within its own borders.Also discussed in the memorandum is the strength and skill of the Turcomanes (Turkmen) cavalry which could potentially disrupt Russia's plans in Asia and the lack of continuous British representation in Persia and the possible need to provide support to their ally in order to stop Russia from advancing through Asia.1 file (3 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 61, and terminates at f 63, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original incomplete printed pagination sequence.
This part contains correspondence that relates to a concession that was granted to the shipping magnate, Lord Inchcape (James Lyle Mackay), by the Ottoman Empire for the formation of a company to facilitate the transportation of goods on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for the construction of the Baghdad Railway.Much of the correspondence relates to negotiations between Lord Inchcape and John Finnis Lynch of the Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company to ensure that their respective interests did not conflict with one another.On folios 15-38, a copy of the Articles of Association and Certificate of Incorporation of Mackay, Lynch and Company Limited (from 31 March 1914) is enclosed.The principal correspondents are Lord Inchcape; the Ottoman representative in negotiations regarding the concession, Ibrahim Hakki Pasha; the Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey and the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Sir Louis du Pan Mallet. A limited amount of this correspondence is in French.1 file (95 folios)
A printed confidential memorandum for the use of the Foreign Office. The memorandum addresses the Turkish [Ottoman] increase of custom dues and proposals of a Tigris Valley Railway and a Baghdad-Mediterranean Railway. It also contains updates on negotiations with Germany, Russia and France in 1909. The report quotes fragments from a letter in French, from the Turkish [Ottoman] Ambassador in London. A report of the Mesopotamian Railways Committee is contained in the file's annex.bound in volume with other documents (17 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f.139, and terminates at f.155, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled.Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file contains miscellaneous printed correspondence received by the India Office from the Government of India, relating to Arabia and the Persian Gulf.The main correspondents are the Secretary of State for India; the British High Commissioner, Egypt; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Sirdar; the Political Resident, Aden; the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department; the Viceroy of India; General Officer Commanding, Forces in Egypt; General Officer Commanding, Force D; the Chief of the General Staff; and the Arab Bureau. The file also includes correspondence from Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], and Emir Abdulla, Minister of Foreign Affairs [ʿAbdullāh bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī].The papers include information on: arms; the Mesopotamian Campaign, the Arab Revolt, and the First World War; the activities of Ibn Saud (also referred to as Bin Saud), King Hussain of the Hedjaz [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, King of the Hejaz [al-Ḥijāz]] (also referred to as the (Grand) Sheriff of Mecca), and Ibn Rashid (also referred to as Bin Rashid) [Saʿūd bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Āl Rashīd, Emir of Ha'il]; the blockade of Koweit [Kuwait], including statements of imports and exports; the activities of Harry St John Bridger Philby; the dispute over Khurma; and the Akhwan [Ikhwan].The French language content of the papers consists of two items of diplomatic correspondence.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (299 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 110 (Arabia: Printed Correspondence) consists of one volume only.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 301; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This file contains a printed publication in French, published in May 1937. By a letter, dated 16 January 1937, the Royal Egyptian Government invited countries to participate in a conference taking place in Montreux, to discuss the abolition of the capitulations in Egypt.Following a list of members of the delegations of each state the document is divided into four main parts:List of members of the delegations of each state'I Compte rendu des séances plénières''II Procès Verbal des Débats de la Commission Générale''III Procès Verbal des Débats du reglement d'organisation judiciaire'IV Annexes'Annex V is the text (in French and English) of the instruments signed at Montreux, on 8 May 1937.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (145 folios)The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 147; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file contains a letter from the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain and a letter from Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC), regarding the situation in Bahrain after the dispute between Britain and Persia, due to the cancellation of the 1901 D'Arcy Concession (see IOR/R/15/1/636).The file also includes extracts from previous correspondence, reports and leaflets from APOC, and a copy of the 1933 agreement between the Imperial Government of Persia and APOC, in French and English.The file also includes copies of newspaper articles on the subject, from
The Times.1 file (38 folios)The papers in the file are roughly arranged in chronological order.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 40; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-39; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding freight charges, ports of call and other administrative matters related to shipping routes in - and through - the Persian Gulf.Specific matters discussed include a request by Kalat State for the British India Steam Navigation Company to arrange for their ships to call at Jiuni [Jiwani] port, a proposal to open a post office in Sharjah, and whether shipping routes should go via Henjam, Bahrain and Lingah.In addition to correspondence, the file contains a document entitled 'Report on Steamship Lines Calling at Basra' that was written by the Department of Overseas Trade in December 1934 (folios 52-56).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (77 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 79; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume is a continuation of ‘File 13/4 I Facilities for foreign air companies to use Arabian Air Route’ (IOR/R/15/2/511) and contains correspondence relating to the authorisation of foreign aircraft to use the air route following the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf, and the route’s aerodrome facilities, chiefly those at Bahrain (Muharraq aerodrome).Covering a period that includes the start of the Second World War, much of the volume’s correspondence concerns the status of those countries associated with the foreign air companies seeking to use the Britain’s air facilities in the Gulf. This includes the arrival of Signor Venturini, Middle East Manager of the Italian airline Ala Littoria, in Bahrain in September 1939, investigating an extension of an Ala Littoria air route between Rome and Bangkok (ff 46-52, 64-66, 101-105), and a request from the Japanese Government for reciprocal air links between Britain and Japan in January 1940 (ff 91-92).However, the majority of the file is taken up with correspondence relating to the Dutch airline Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappih (KLM) and their request to use the Arab coast air route and its facilities, after Iran’s withdrawal of permission for them to use facilities on the Persian coast of the Gulf in 1940. British Government correspondence on the matter includes discussion of a wartime agreement with KLM, offering the use of British air facilities, in return for KLM occasionally putting their transport at Britain’s disposal for military requirements.1 volume (269 folios)The volume’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end. The file notes at the end of the volume (ff 259-273) mirror the chronological arrangement.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-258; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled.
Correspondence, in English and French, between M Sazanof, Ministre des Affaires Étrangeres (Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs); Maurice Paléologue, Ambassadeur de France en Russie (French Ambassador to Russia); Paul Cambon (French Amabassador to the United Kingdom); and Sir Edward Gray, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.The correspondence relates to the agreement made by France and Great Britain for the constitution of a state or federation of Arab states which would include Syria, Cilicia and Mesopotamia, including details of the agreement itself and the signing of it by Sir Mark Sykes and Monsieur Francois Georges-Picot (British and French Diplomats who signed the Sykes-Picot agreement). Also included are discussions with the Russian Government over the treaty, and their willingness to accept it on the condition that Russia may be permitted to annex Erzeroum [Erzurum], Trébizonde [Trabzon], Van, and Bitlis;and that the regions of Kourdistan [Kurdistan] and Merga Var be ceded to them; and that in return the areas of Ala Dagh, Césarée [Kayseri], Ak-Dagh, Yildiz Dagh [Strandzha], Zara, Eghin and Kharpout [Harput] will be recognised as French.The correspondence includes the following letters:Mr Sazanof, Ministre des Affaires Étrangeres, Pétrograd to Maurice Paléologue, Ambassadeur de France en Russie,26 April 1916;Maurice Paléologue, Ambassadeur de France en Russie, Pétrograd, to M Sazanof, Ministre des Affaires Étrangeres, 26 April 1916;Paul Cambon, Ambassade de France (French Embassy), Londres [London] to Sir Edward Grey, 9 May 1916 (received 10 May 1916);Sir Edward Grey, Foreign Office (London) to Paul Cambon, 15 May 1916;Paul Cambon, Ambassade de France, Londres to Sir Edward Grey, 15 May 1916 (received 16 May 1916);Sir Edward Grey, Foreign Office (London) to Paul Cambon, 16 May 1916;Sir Edward Grey, Foreign Office (London) to Count Alexander Konstantinovich Benckendorff (Russian Ambassador to the United Kingdom), 23 May 1916;Paul Cambon, Ambassade de France, Londres [London] to Sir Edward Grey, 25 August 1916 (received 26 August 1916);The Marquess of Crewe, Foreign Office (London) to Paul Cambon, 30 August 1916Count Alexander Konstantinovich Benckendorff, Ambassade Impériale de Russie (Imperial Russian Ambassador to the United Kingdom), Londres [London] to Viscount Grey (Sir Edward Grey), 1 September 1916Viscount Grey, Foreign Office (London) to Count Alexander Konstantinovich Benckendorff, 23 October 1916.10 foliosFoliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 133 and terminates at folio 142, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present between folios 6-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
The file concerns the drafting of a convention to establish a Conservancy Board for the Shatt-el-Arab (also referred to as the Shatt-al-Arab).The papers include: negotiations with the governments of Iraq and Persia [Iran]; the involvement of British shipowners in discussions; numerous drafts of the convention; the selection of Colonel John Ward, Port Director of the Port of Basrah [Basra], as British appointee to the Board (folio 450); the question of dues on shipping; comments by the Admiralty; involvement of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC); budget estimates for the Port of Basra; printed Port of Basra 'Schedule of Dues and Charges', 1935 (folios 244-272); papers on customs, quarantine, and police arrangements for the Shatt-al-Arab; Perso-Iraqi frontier negotiations; memorandum of instructions for the guidance of the British representatives in the negotiations for the conclusion of the convention, 1935 (folios 66-78); the proposed convention (folios 51-60); Ministry of Health paper on the transfer of quarantine arrangements in the Shatt-al-Arab to the Conservancy Board; and the agreement of the Iraqi Government to British participation in the convention (folios 6-9).The principal correspondents are the Foreign Office, HM Ambassador at Bagdad, HM Minister at Tehran, and the Mercantile Marine Department, Board of Trade.The French language content of the file consists of a single item of correspondence (folio 132).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (592 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 594; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Annual reports for Persia [Iran] produced by staff at the British Legation in Tehran. The reports were sent to the Foreign Office by HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran (from 1943, Ambassador to Iran). The reports cover the following years: 1932 (ff 2-50); 1933 (ff 51-98); 1934 (ff 99-128); 1935 (ff 129-165); 1936 (ff 166-195); 1937 (ff 196-227); 1938 (ff 228-249); 1939 (ff 250-251); 1940 (ff 252-257); 1941 (ff 258-266); 1942 (ff 267-277); 1943 (ff 278-289); 1944 (ff 290-306); 1945 (ff 307-317); 1946 (ff 318-320).The reports for 1932 to 1938 are comprehensive in nature (each containing their own table of contents), and cover: an introductory statement on affairs in Persia, with a focus on the Shah’s programme of modernisation across the country; an overview of foreign relations between Persia and other nations, including with the United Kingdom, British India, and Iraq; Persia’s involvement in international conventions and agreements, for example the League of Nations and the Slave Traffic Convention; British interests in or associated with Persia, including Bahrain and Bahrainis resident in Persia, the Residency at Bushire, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Imperial Bank of Persia, and the Imperial and International Communications Company; political affairs in Persia, including court and officials, majlis, tribes and security; economic affairs in Persia (government finances and budgets, trade, industry, agriculture, opium production); communications (aviation, railways, roads); consular matters; military matters (army, navy, air force).Reports from 1939 to 1946 are briefer in nature, Reports from 1941 onwards focusing on the Anglo-Soviet occupation of Persia, and the role of United States advisors in the Persian Government’s administration.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (320 folios)The file’s reports are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file. Each report for the years 1932-1938 begins with a table of contents referring to that report’s own printed pagination sequence.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 321; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The file contains one foliation anomaly, f 308APagination: Each of the reports included in the file has its own printed pagination system, commencing at 1 on the first page of the report.
The file contains correspondence, telegrams, statements, and memoranda regarding incidents of arms and ammunition smuggling in Kuwait.The file contains: lists of arms and ammunition smuggled; lists of people purchasing arms and ammunition in Kuwait in 1919-1920; 'Report of the Conference held at Karachi in August 1921 on the Arms Traffic in the Persian Gulf' (folios 62-65), containing details on routes via sea and land and on the principal outlets for arms smuggling in the area. The file also contains a printed copy of the 1919
Convention for the Control of the Trade in Arms and Ammunition and Protocol, in English and French (folios 166-183).The principal correspondents are: British India Steam Navigation Company; the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Salim bin Mubarak Al Sabah; the High Commissioner for Iraq in Baghdad; the Intelligence Officer in the Persian Gulf, at Bushire; and the Political Agent in Kuwait.There are numerous letters and statements in Arabic within the file, mostly correspondence with the Ruler of Kuwait, sometimes with English translation. The file also contains letters and reports in French, from the Bushire Customs.1 file (225 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file. There is an index at the end of the file, on folio 226. The index contains names of people and subjects which appear in the file, and folio numbers referring to the additional foliation.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 227; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-225; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The memorandum concerns the border between Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and Turkey, and was prepared by Alwyn Parker of the Foreign Office. There are a number of labels at the top of the first page: ‘Persia’, ‘Confidential’ and ‘Section 10’. The memorandum sections are as follows:Part I. A preface (folios 1-5), introducing the points at issue, with two maps, the first being a sketch map of the Mohammerah district, with the proposed Turkish, Persian and mediating commissioner’s lines indicated (folio 2), and a map compiled from plane table surveys by Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson in 1909, with the frontier as defined by the mediating commissioners in 1850 (folio 4);Part II. An historical summary (folios 6-19) of British Government correspondence relating to the border dispute, with the chief focus being on correspondence exchanged during the period 1843-52, around the time of the Treaty of Erzeroum (c.1848). This part contains two copies of a map, a facsimile of a diagram of the disputed area, the original of which was enclosed by Colonel Williams in his despatch of 4 February 1850, indicating Turkish and Persian claims and the mediating commissioner’s proposal (folios 15, 19);Part III. Conclusion (folios 20-28), with a further map (folio 23), an exact copy of that found on folio 4.The appendices that follow are:A: British assurances given to the Shaikh of Mohammerah, 1899 and 1902-10;B. Protocol of December 1911 (in French) for the proposal settlement of the Turco-Persian frontier question;C. An extract from Sir Austen Henry Layard’s
Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, published in 1887. The extract is from volume 2, pp 431-439;D. Rough notes made by General William Monteith when in Persia, on the frontier of Turkey and Persia, as communicated to the Foreign Office in 1843;E. Observations by Sir Henry Rawlinson on a Persian memorandum relative to the situation of the cities of Mohammerah and Fellahiah [Fallāḥīyah], 1844;F. Text of the Treaty of Erzeroum, 31 May 1847, in English and French translation;G. Copy of a despatch from Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador to Istanbul, to Lord Palmerston, Foreign Secretary, dated 30 May 1850;H. Copy of a despatch from Lord Palmerston to Lord Broomfield, dated 12 July 1850.1 file (41 folios, 5 maps)The memorandum is arranged into three parts, labelled I, II and III, which are followed by eight lettered appendices, A-H. Historic correspondence referred to in the memorandum is referenced in the inside page margin.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.
Correspondence relating to the appointment of a Russian ambassador to Persia [Iran]. Letters from HM’s Envoy Extraordinary & Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Sir Percy Loraine, record the British Government’s fierce resistance to the appointment of a Russian ambassador. Loraine’s concern was that such an appointment would elevate Russia’s diplomatic presence in Persia to a level superior to Britain’s. The file includes two brief communiqués between Loraine and the Russian ambassador, dated December 1925 (ff 44-45). Written in French, they record the occasion of the Russian diplomatic mission’s elevation to the rank of embassy. Subsequent correspondence concerns the movements, activities and changes in personnel at the Russian Embassy in Tehran, as well as reports of Russian espionage in Persia.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (79 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 81; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The papers concern the recruitment by the governments of Italy and France of natives of the British protectorate of Aden for military and colonial policing purposes.The main correspondents are the Political Resident, Aden; the Viceroy of India; and senior officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Government of India.The papers cover: the recruitment by Italy of Arabs (referred to as 'Ascaris') for service as soldiers in Italian Somaliland (also referred to as the Benadir Coast), a proposal to which the British authorities had no objection, March 1905 - April 1908 (folios 210-238); the British decision to refuse permission for further recruitment by the Italians, because a state of war existed between Italy and Turkey and the recruitment was an infringement of British neutrality under the terms of the Foreign Enlistment Act 1870, September-October 1911 (folios 188-208); the reasons for the detention by the Political Resident, Aden of ammunition stores destined for the Governor of Benadir, November 1911 (folios 174-187); opposition from the Government of India to further recruitment by the Italians in the Aden Protectorate for service in the military or police in their African colonies, because of the effect on the Aden labour market, 1914 (folios 147-168); a French request to recruit substitutes for Arab labourers ('coolies') in Madagascar, December 1914 (folios 135-142); permission granted to the Italians to recruit 500 Arabs from the Hadramaut [Hadramawt], January - June 1915 (folios 111-134); and the granting of permission to the French to recruit colonial troops in Aden, 1917 (folios 105-110).The papers include one letter in French from the French Ambassador to the United Kingdom.1 item
Papers reporting on the financial situation in Persia [Iran] sent by staff at the British Legation at Tehran (Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen; Horace James Seymour; Nevile Montagu Butler) to the Foreign Office, London. The letters frequently refer to reports or statements produced by the Government of Iran, or the Bank Melli Iran (the National Bank of Iran, also referred to in the volume as the Banque Mellié Iran, or Bank Mellié Iran) that were enclosed with the originals, which are not included in the file. However, many of the letters do contain summary descriptions and commentaries of the items that were enclosed.The reports include:summaries of the general economic situation in PersiaPersian currency and exchange problemsthe economic situation and actions of the Bank Melli Iran, and the Government of IranPersia’s gold and silver reserves, in relation to coinage and notesannual reports issued by the Bank Melli Irantranslated copies of reports from the Board of Control of ReservesIranian budget announcementsGovernment receipts and expenditure on various economic sectors including industry, railways, agricultureThe volume includes numerous cuttings and typewritten extracts taken from the newspapers
Le Journal de Teheran, and
Le Messager de Teheran, all of which are in French. Also included is an annual report in French (
Bilan de L’Exercise) for the Bank Melli Iran, published 20 March 1937 (ff 24-42).1 volume (190 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 190; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves, have not been foliated.
The file mainly relates to a proposal to curb the proliferation of arms in Bahrain [often referred to in the papers as Bahrein] by the issue of a proclamation (also referred to as an
Alaanand an
'Alan) by the Ruler of Bahrain banning the import and export of fireams and other weapons and providing for the registration of firearms. This was to be accompanied by the issue by the British Government of a King's Regulation under the Bahrain Order in Council, 1913. The papers include correspondence between the Political Agent Bahrain, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Charles Dalrymple Belgrave (the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain), the Government of India, the India Office, and the Foreign Office, dated June 1935 - January 1937; draft and issued copies of the proclamation in English and Arabic, July 1935 - December 1936; draft and published copies of the King's Regulation on the possession of and traffic in arms, July 1935 - December 1936; and papers concerning the adverse reaction to the proclamation by Bahraini citizens, February 1937.The file also includes:correspondence between the Intelligence Bureau, Government of India; the Political Agent, Bahrain; and the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain concerning the recovery in India of a smuggled service rifle from an instructor attached to the Bahrein [Bahrain] Police, December 1934 - October 1935;correspondence concerning a proposal to seek exemption from the Ruler of Bahrain's arms and ammunition proclamation dated 30 April 1898 for arms and ammunition landed at Bahrain for the use of the Royal Navy, May - June 1935.The Spanish and French language content of this file consists of text forming part of printed King's Regulations relating to Morocco, dated 1935, included with official correspondence as specimens of the form of such regulations, ff. 59-64.The covering dates of the correspondence (the main body of papers) in the file are 5 January 1935 - 12 March 1937. The closing date in the overall date range is supplied by an entry in the notes at the rear of the file.1 file (132 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file. Circled serial numbers in crayon (red for incoming, blue for outgoing correspondence) appear throughout the file. These refer to entries in the notes at the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 134; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-134; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
Continuation of correspondence and memoranda regarding the Société Internationale d'Études du Chemin de Fer Transpersan's proposed bid for an option to construct a railway in Persia.The file contains: a report on the interdepartmental conference on the Trans-Persian Railway, held at the Foreign Office on 19 March 1914 (ff 73-78); a memorandum for communication to the Russian Government, summarising the British position following the conference (ff 69-70); communications received from the Société d'Études and the Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs regarding the revised British proposals; and correspondence and minutes between the India Office, Foreign Office, War Office, Board of Trade and Admiralty.The following topics are discussed:the alignment to be adopted, including the new British proposal of a route from Astara -- Resht -- Tehran -- Yezd -- Anar --Bahrambad -- Saidabad -- Ahmadi -- Bundar Abbas [Āstārā -- Rasht -- Tehrān -- Yazd -- Anār -- Bahrambad -- Sā'īdābād - -Aḥmadī -- Bander-e 'Abbās];the point of access to the Persian Gulf;parity of tariff rates;track gauges;method of presentation to the Persian Government;mineral rights, and accommodation of the interests of the Kerman Mining Concession and Persian Railways Syndicate [the Greenway Group];Russian and British control in their respective sections of the line;simultaneous construction of the line in the north and the south;the military consequences for the Government of India should the line terminate to the east of Bundar Abbas;linking India to the Bagdad Railway.At the front of the file is a small set of correspondence for 1916, regarding a request from the French Government to restart negotiations over the railway.1 item (76 folios)Papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. Folio three is a collection header sheet, giving the subject heading and a list of correspondence references found within the part volume.
The file contains journal articles, correspondence, papers and memorandum relating to russian involvement in Asia 1850s-1860s and Pelly's mission to Herat and Afghanistan in 1760.The material relating to Russian involvement and influences in Asia primarily consists of journal articles, in french, from the journal
Revue des deux mondeslooking at Russian expansion into both the Caucasus and the Far East, along with a newspaper article and handwritten observations made by Lewis Pelly. There is also an article in french from the same journal regarding French interests in Asia.The material in the file relating to Lewis Pelly's mission to Herat and Afghanistan in 1860 includes correspondence with Sultan Ahmed Khan, Governor of Herat; and correspondence and records of conversations with Earl Canning, Viceroy and Governor General of India regarding his mission; matters relating to pay and reimbursement of expenses and observations on matters in Herat, the recent Persian War, and possible threats to India's north-western frontier.Also included in the file is a record of a conversation with Earl Canning regarding Pelly's career and the offer of the position of acting consul at Zanzibar, May 1861.File contains a title card, in Lewis Pelly's handwriting.1 file, 10 items (67 folios)The contents of the file have been arranged chronologically, with the exception of the article at folios 14-27 which had originally been dated as 1860 but was actually printed in 1866. Enclosures to items have been placed directly after the item they are enclosed with.Foliation: The file has been foliated using a pencil number enclosed in a circle located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. There has been some renumbering of the file and former foliation numbers have been crossed through.The file contains three printed journal articles and each of these has their own original printed pagination sequences.Foliation anomaly: 27a
The file consists of correspondence between the Political Agency in Bahrain, the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Sir Charles Dalrymple Belgrave), the British Consulate in Beirut, and a number of teachers in Palestine seeking employment in the Persian Gulf. The papers are mostly concerned with the employment of teachers, particularly those from Lebanon and Palestine. Other matters covered by the file are the purchase of strip lighting for the Catholic Church and the promotion and appointment of clerks and engineers by the Bahrain state.Folios 20-22 are internal office notes.1 file (21 folios)The file is arranged chronologically from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 23; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume contains parts 6, 7, and 8 of the subject 'Koweit' [Kuwait]:Part 6 (IOR/L/PS/10/50/1) concerns the status of citizens of Kuwait in Persia.Part 7 (IOR/L/PS/10/50/2) concerns the proposal that vessels from Kuwait should adopt a distinctive flag, and the likely reaction this would bring from the Government of Turkey [the Ottoman Empire].Part 8 (IOR/L/PS/10/50/3) concerns the attitudes of the rulers of Kuwait and other Persian Gulf coast states toward the political activities of Ibn Sa‘ūd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.The date range gives the covering dates of all the documents in the volume; the Secret Department minute papers, which enclose those documents, are dated 1904-07.1 volume (324 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 1855 (Koweit [Kuwait]) consists of five volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/47-51. The volumes are divided into ten parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume, parts 3 and 4 comprising the second volume, part 5 comprising the third volume, parts 6, 7, and 8 comprising the fourth volume, and parts 9 and 10 comprising the fifth volume.Condition: folio 2 is missing; the remains of a torn folio indicates it has been removed from the volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 324; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The front cover, and one leading flyleaf have not been foliated.
Correspondence and papers collected in response to an influx of refugees arriving in the northern provinces of Persia [Iran] from Soviet Russia, reaching a peak during 1932 and 1933, as a result of a chronic famine affecting parts of southern Russia.Extracts from consular diaries and intelligence summaries, submitted by the British Consulates and Vice Consulates at Meshed [Mashhad] (Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett; Major L G W Hamber; Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly), Tabriz (Clarence Edward Stanhope Palmer) and Resht [Rasht] (Archibald William Davis).Reports and memoranda on refugees from Russia in Persia (their numbers, condition, treatment at the hands of Russian and Persian authorities, movements) compiled by British officials at Meshed, Tabriz and Resht, and submitted to Government by the British Legation in Tehran (Reginald Hervey Hoare).Correspondence exchanged between India Office and Foreign Office representatives in response to the reports received from Persia, discussing what actions might be taken.Many of the reports and correspondence provide evidence of British officials’ suspicions of Communist (or Bolshevik) conspirators amongst the refugees, whom they suspect of intending to foment unrest in Persia. The papers also give indication of the various different ethnic groups and peoples comprising the refugees from Russia (including Turcoman [Turkmen], Armenian, Khirgis [Kyrgyz], Bukharan Jewish), and differences in the treatment and movements of these different groups, including, for example, Bukharan Jewish refugees’ attempts to obtain visas for travel to Palestine.The file contains a single item of correspondence in French, being a copy of a letter from the Secretary General of the League of Nations (f 9).1 file (204 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 205; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume concerns the navigation of the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris, and moves by The Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company (also referred to as Messrs Lynch) to negotiate an agreement with the Baghdad Railway Company for the transport of railway material up the rivers of Turkish Arabia.The principal correspondents are senior officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Board of Trade; and the Secretary of The Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company.The papers cover: contracts and agreements; Russian concern over the proposed agreement; the formation of a joint company to operate river transport on the Euphrates and Tigris; the assertion by Britain of exceptional rights to navigation on the rivers of Mesopotamia; and papers concerning the general Baghdad Railway question.The French language content of the volume consists of contracts, agreements and conventions, with English translations.The volume contains conventions and agreements that are earlier than the man date range, dated 1903-11.1 volume (253 folios)The subject 1808 (Bagdad Railway) consists of one volume only. The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 255; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-254; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The file contains printed copies of correspondence, memoranda, and a periodical concerning Egypt and the Sudan (often written as Soudan). The papers relate to the negotiations between Britain and Egypt over the status of Sudan following the end of the British Protectorate in Egypt. They include memoranda by Foreign Office officials, correspondence between Field Marshall Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby (the High Commissioner in Cairo), and Lord Curzon, and copies of
The Near Eastwhich feature articles on Egypt and Sudan (folios 15-17).1 file (16 folios)The file is arranged in chronological order, from the front to the back.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 18; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-18; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file concerns arms traffic by sea into Yemen in the course of the rebellion there against Turkish rule.The principal correspondents are senior officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Admiralty; the Viceroy of India (Lord Hardinge); and diplomatic representatives of the Governments of the Ottoman Empire (also referred to as Turkey), France and Italy.The papers cover: diplomatic exchanges between the governments involved following a request by the Turkish Government to halt the illicit import of arms into Yemen by sea; discussion of the response of the British, French and Italian Governments to the possible seizure by the Turkish authorities of vessels (sambuks, dhows) under the protection of those Governments; the use of British, French and Italian naval vessels to patrol the area; the right of the Ottoman authorities to seize British vessels in the Red Sea; and discussions over an agreement between the four Governments to suppress arms traffic.Correspondence from the Turkish and French Governments is in French.1 file (167 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order (except where enclosures of an earlier date follow their relevant covering letter) from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 520 (Arms Traffic in the Yemen) consists of one volume only.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 169. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This file contains correspondence and documents related to the work of the Aden Boundary Commission, the British Government body tasked with the delineation of the borders of the British Protectorate of Aden. Much of the correspondence in the file relates specifically to the Amiri border region.The file contains a number of letters from Colonel Robert Alexander Wahab, the Commissioner of the Aden Boundary Commission, sent to the Political and Secret Department of the India Office in London (and the British Political Residency in Aden).The following documents are contained in the file:a report written by Colonel Wahab regarding the demarcation of the Amiri border (folios 178-184);a Foreign Office memorandum entitled 'Memorandum on the Boundary of the British Protectorate of Aden' (folios 706-708);a note compiled by the India Office entitled 'Aden Boundary' (folios 709-711).The majority of the correspondence in the file is in English, but also enclosed is a limited amount of correspondence from the Ottoman Ambassador in London that is in French.The file contains a printed map of the Aden frontier on folio 726.The volume includes a divider which gives the year that the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in it arranged by year. This divider is placed at the front of the volume.1 file (758 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.The Subject 37 (Aden) contains 5 files, IOR/L/PS/10/63-67.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 758; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the Arab revolt against Ottoman rule. The papers cover the British response to the situation, covering the following matters:defective information regarding Turkish military movementsthe report by Ronald Henry Amherst Storr's on the situation in the Hejazthe conclusions of the War Committee concerning measures for the defence of RabeghFrench offers of military supportthe instructions of His Majesty's Government and the pessimistic perspective of British officersThe file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (301 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 2100 (German War: Arab Revolt) consists of 6 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/597-602. The volumes are divided into 7 parts, with parts 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 comprising one volume each, and parts 3 and 4 comprising the third volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 301; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 188-300 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
Memorandum prepared by Edward Hertlset, Foreign Office Librarian, on 5 March 1874 (printed by the Foreign Office 10 March 1874). The document gives a historical overview (from 1517 to 1874) of claims on the Red Sea coast, with particular focus on those of the Ottoman Turks and the Egyptians. It discusses attempts by the French, Italians and Americans to gain a foothold in the region. It ends with a summary of things as they stand, with political and commercial considerations, as well as those of the slave trade.Hertslet quotes extensively from his sources, notes on which appear in the left-hand margin.35 foliosAt the beginning (folios 1-2) there is a table of reference to facts and dates, with reference to the printed page number.Foliation: the sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 1-34; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet also contains an original typed pagination sequence.
This file contains correspondence between British officials concerning the construction of a railway line between Koweit [Kuwait] and Baghdad as a part of the German Government's broader effort to construct a railway connecting Berlin to Baghdad. The correspondence discusses the route of the line, German-Turkish [Ottoman] relations, Turkish debt and the sources of funding for the line's construction.On ff. 20-24, the file contains an extract from the
War Office Hand Book on Eastern Turkey in Asia, Volumes III and IV (February 1907) that contains descriptive notes on several towns situated along the Baghdad railway (through modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq).A report concerning a rail journey from Constantinople [Istanbul] to Eregli written by David Fraser, a correspondent of
The Timesin November 1907, is contained in the file on ff. 78-80.1 volume (104 folios)File is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end.An index of the topics discussed in the file is contained on folio 1A.Condition: A bound correspondence volume.Foliation: The file's foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A pagination sequence ,which labels each page of text, runs between ff. 1c-97; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in either the top left or right corners of the verso and recto sides of each folio respectively.The file contains the following foliation errors: 1, 1A, 1B and 1C.
This file documents steps considered and taken by the British to combat reported Italian anti-British propaganda and disseminate pro-British propaganda in the Middle East and beyond.The file's principal correspondents are the following: His Majesty's Ambassador in Rome (Eric Drummond); the British Consul-General, Addis Ababa (Hugh Stonehewer Bird); His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires, Addis Ababa (Patrick Maxwell Roberts); the British Consul-General, Batavia (Henry Fitzmaurice); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Reader William Bullard); officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Government of India's External Affairs Department.Included in the correspondence is discussion of the following:Ibn Saud's [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] views on Italian activities in the Middle East.The movements of Shakib Arslan of the Syria Palestine Islamic League, including his reported visit to Rome in November 1936.The Italian regime in Ethiopia (including its education system) and the effect of Italian propaganda on Ethiopia's Muslim population.Reports of the publication of a manifesto in Libya that claims for Mussolini the title of 'Protector of Islam'.Accounts of speeches and statements given by Mussolini regarding Italy's attitude towards Muslim populations.Reported Italian sympathies amongst the Arab population in Palestine.Reports of Italian-inspired anti-British propaganda in the Dutch East Indies (mainly in Java), and the possibility of counteracting its effect on the local Arab population by sending pro-British Arabic periodicals to influential Arab residents there (also considered is the possibility of sending visitors from the Persian Gulf to deliver pro-British lectures).Italian propaganda regarding the financial assistance provided by the Italian authorities for Ethiopian Muslims to make the pilgrimage to Mecca.Steps taken by the British authorities in Alexandria to combat anti-British propaganda in Egypt, which include establishing a pro-British magazine named
Zahrat el Sharq.The Arabic language material consists of a copy of the first issue of the aforementioned magazine,
Zahrat el Sharq, dated 18 July 1938 and mainly consisting of pro-British propaganda. The French language material consists of several items of correspondence and a copy of a text which translates into English as 'Islam Policy of Italy'.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).1 file (228 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 229; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-229; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
This is part two (of two) of a larger volume IOR/L/PS/10/366; it concerns increasing German competition experienced by British firms trading in the Persian Gulf region, and contains discussion between British officials as to possible action to strengthen the latter.Specific issues predominantly discussed in this part include:the abandonment of Antwerp and Hamburg by British shipping lines, and the current monopoly held by the Hamburg-America Line;agreements made between British shipping companies and the Hamburg-America Line;the establishment of a regular shipping service from Antwerp to the Persian Gulf by the Hall Line to compete with the Hamburg-America Line;the establishment of Messrs Robert Wonckhaus and Company on the Karun River and its success in competing with the Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company, and a possible subsidy for the latter from the British Government;a query from Paul, Gray and Company (see ff 28-33) as to whether they may continue to represent a German merchant, Mr Roever at Shiraz, following the outbreak of the First World War (1914-18);British-Russian proposals to use the war to take the Persian drug import trade away from the Germans.The following reports by Henry George Chick (Commercial Adviser and Vice-Consul at Bushire) can be found within: a memorandum on the development of Messrs Robert Wonckhaus and Company's activity on the Karun River (see folios 152-155 and 168-171, two copies), and a report on German trade and shipping in the Persian Gulf for the year 1912-13 (see folios 86-94). Also contained within this part are copies of a contract between Muin ut Tujjar and Robert Wonckhaus and Company for the lease of a wharf and warehouse at Ahwaz (see folios 95, and 68-74).It also includes a letter from Arthur J Dale (former German Vice-Consul at Sultanabad [Osmānnagar]) to Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated 30 June 1915. The letter provides background information on Perische Teppich Gesellschaff, an explanation for its success in the Persian carpet trade, and confirmation of its switch to political activities following the outbreak of the war; the author seeks the downfall of this company. A letter from W Barker, dated May 1916, seeking employment as a business adviser in the Persian Gulf can be found on folios 6-10.The French content consists of two items only: a letter from J D Riedel and Company addressed to Mirza Mohamed Hassan Zia and Company, Importer of Drugs and Chemical Products at Shiraz dated 4 September 1914 (see folio 23); and an extract of a circular issued by agents of the Hamburg-America Line at Antwerp on their Persian Gulf Service (see folio 188) issued by their Belgium shipping agent Tonnelier and Scheppens in 1913.1 item (195 folios)This item is part of a larger physical volume and is located towards the front; it occupies folios 3-198.
Correspondence relating to the drafting of the Muscat Tariff treaty. Letters discuss the raising of duty on French and American goods beyond a rate of five per cent which had been limited by Article 3 of the 1833 Treaty between Muscat and the United States of America, and by Article 10 of the 1844 Treaty between Muscat and France. Topics covered include: the proposed revision of the American treaty of 1833; proposed revision of the British Treaty of 1891; proposed revision of French treaty of 1844; flying of the French flag by Sur dhows; and the Commercial Treaty with the Netherlands 1877. The file also contains the draft treaty articles; discussion of
zakatand exports; measures to meet the deficits.Correspondents include Trenchard Craven Fowle, Political Agent, Muscat; Political Resident Persian Gulf; George William Rendell, Foreign Office, London; Ronald Ian Campell, British Embassy, Washington; Joseph P Cotton, Under Secretary, Department of State, Washington; Council of Ministers, Muscat; Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal], Sultan of Muscat and Oman.1 fileFoliation: the foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Foliation errors: 1, 1A, 1B and 1C; 93 and 93A; 109 and 109A; 117 and 117A; 120 and 120A; 121 and 121A; 124 and 124A; 178 and 178A; 182 and 182A; 191 and 191A; 195 and 195A; 199 and 199A; 221 and 221A. Foliation omissions: 24-26; 152-153.
The volume contains correspondence relating to a meeting between King Faisal of Iraq and King Ibn Sa‘ud of Najd and Hejaz, overseen by the British. The main correspondents are Sidney Webb, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Francis Humphrys, High Commissioner of Iraq, Harold Dickson, Political Agent at Kuwait, Hugh Biscoe, Political Resident at Bushire, the Government of India, British Chargé d'Affaires at Jeddah, Charles Prior, Political Agent at Bahrain, Robert Clive, British Minister at Tehran, Captain Boyes, Commander of the
Triad(at one point Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf), Captain Marr, Commander of the
Patrick Stewart, Captain J. M. Alleyne, Commander of the
Lupin(also at one point Senior Naval Officer), members of the Iraqi Government, and Ibn Sa‘ud.The documents cover the following matters:the planning and preparations for the meeting, including transporting attendees overland and by sea;the costs of the meeting and who will bear them;what subjects are suitable for discussion during the meeting, in particular the repatriation of a rebel leader, Ibn Mashhur;the outcome of the meeting;an unplanned visit to Bahrain by Ibn Sa‘ud, against British wishes.Notable within the volume are the following documents:a report by Alleyne, Senior Naval Officer, on the meeting (folios 164-172);Humphrys' report on the meeting (folios 182-84);a translation of an article in the Najd and Hejaz newspaper
Umm al-Qura,dated 28 November 1930, that contains a detailed account of the meeting (folios 192-98).Folios 199-201 are internal office notes.1 volume (208 folios)The volume is arranged chronologically.Foliation: the main foliation sequence runs from front to back (excluding covers), with encircled, pencilled numbers written in the top right corner of each folio. Foliation anomalies: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C; 104, 104A. An earlier and intermittent foliation sequence appears in the same position, in which the numbers are not circled.
The volume discusses an alleged arms trafficking incident which occurred in December 1908. The
El Khadra, a dhow owned by Mubarak bin Khamis, a subject of Muscat, was seized by Italian authorities off the coast of Ras Hafun [Raas Xaafuun] on charges of arms trafficking.The volume includes the negotiations between the British and Italian Governments to find an acceptable resolution to the situation. A settlement was reached and the boat returned to its owner in July 1911.The principal correspondents in the volume include the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat (Robert Erskine Holland, and Arthur Prescott Trevor); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Percy Zachariah Cox); the Viceroy of India (Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto); the Italian Agent at Muscat (Umberto Omar); the Italian Vice-Consul at Aden (Renato Piacentini); the British Ambassador to the Court of Italy (Sir James Rennell Rodd, 1st Baron Rennell); the Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey) and India (Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe); and the Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs (Tommaso Tittoni, Guido Fusinato, and Antonino Paternò-Castello, marchese di San Giuliano).This is part 2 of 10. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (398 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 619 (Arms Traffic) consists of 7 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/110-116. The volumes are divided into 10 parts with parts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 comprising one volume each, parts 6, 7, 8, and 9 comprising the sixth volume and part 10 comprising the seventh volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 398; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The front cover, along with one leading flyleaf, has not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume consists of letters, telegrams, reports, and newspaper cuttings relating to Saudi Arabia. Much of the correspondence is made up of regular reports sent from the British Legation in Jeddah to the Foreign Office in London. The remaining correspondence is between the two aforementioned places and also: the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agencies in Bahrain and Kuwait, the India Office in London, the Government of India, Ibn Sa'ud, and Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister.There are a range of subjects covered in the volume, including:Saudi Arabian foreign relations, specifically with Egypt, Yemen, Turkey, and Britain;a new customs tariff and the reduction of imports into the Kingdom;Saudi Arabian concerns about the situation in Palestine;the internal financial situation;the acitivities of the Saudi Arabia Mining Syndicate;the prospect of Yemen signing the Treaty of Arab Brotherhood and Alliance;Anglo-Italian relations, including Italian propoganda in the region;religious policing in the country;a visit to Ibn Sa'ud in Riyadh by Harold Dickson, the Political Agent in Kuwait, and the negative reaction to it in the Arab Press;the restoration of the Hejaz Railway;discontent with Saudi rule in the Hejaz due to preceived financial exploitation, including details of the Egyptian-based group 'The Friends of Hejaz';the death of Ibn Sa'ud's nephew Emir Khalid ibn Mohammed in a car accident;new regulations for foreigners living in Saudi Arabia;the deterioration of Ibn Sa'ud's health.Notable in the volume is a report (folios 87-95) on an interview with Ibn Sa'ud by Reader Bullard, the British Minister in Jeddah at the time, a revised report (folios 135-136) on the heads of foreign missions in Jeddah, and the letter exchange (folios 165, 171-180) between Ibn Sa'ud and Neville Chamberlain.1 volume (198 folios)This volume is arranged chronologically.Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio and continues through to the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, circled and located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The only irregularities are the first four folios that run 1A through to 1D, then continuing as normal from 2.
The volume comprises copies of correspondence, agreements, notes and other papers relating to the closure of British Indian post offices in Persia, and the transfer of postal services from British Indian to Persian administration. The specific focus of the volume’s contents is a conference, taking place in Bushire and convened for November 1922 (eventually taking place 5-9 December 1922), between Persian, Indian and Iraqi delegates, to finalise the arrangements for the transfer of the British Indian postal services in Persia to Persian administration. The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Minister at the British Legation in Tehran (Sir Percy Lyham Loraine); India Office staff (David Taylor Monteath; Henry William Garrett; John Percival Gibson; Leonard Day Wakely); Foreign Office officials (primarily Lancelot Oliphant); the Government of India’s delegate at the Bushire conference (Major Alfred Angelo); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Prescott Trevor).The volume includes:arrangements for the Bushire conference, including a list of Persian delegates (ff 199-203), which included the outgoing Director of the Persian Post, Camille Molitor;papers, notes and correspondence relating to the raising by Persian delegates at the Bushire conference, of the transfer to Persian authorities of the British post office in Bahrain, in reference to Persia’s historic claims to Bahrain, and British refusal to entering into negotiation on the matter (ff 194-196);a copy of the proceedings of the Bushire conference (ff 98-125), as well as a printed copy of the report of the Bushire conference, prepared by Major Angelo, which includes the conference’s
procès verbal, and copies of the agreements relating both to the closure of foreign post offices in Persia, and to the exchange of money orders between Persia and British India (ff 158-172);concerns amongst senior Government officials, including the Viceroy, over the wording of the agreement, and in particular the reference made to Persia’s claim to Bahrain in the
procès verbal, resulting in a refusal by Government to ratify the agreement before amendments are made (ff 155-156, f 149);correspondence and telegrams relating to the closure of British Indian post offices in Persia, which took place in early April 1923 (f 46, f 63), and reports of problems encountered in the transfer to the Persian authorities of postal and financial services, particularly relating to embargoes placed on the transfer/export of Indian rupees (ff 57-62);correspondence from July 1923 onwards, relating to various ratifications of the Bushire postal agreement, by the Union Postale Universelle (International Postal Union) (ff 14-21), the Iraq Government (f 13), and the League of Nations (ff 8-11).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (229 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 897 (Persian Gulf: British Post Offices) consists of 4 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/242-245. The volumes are divided into 4 parts with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 235; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains correspondence related to the disputed ownership of the Tamb (also written as Tanb and Tund) [Greater and Lesser Tumb] islands between Ras al-Khaimah and the Government of Persia. The islands of Abu Musa and Henjam and their status are also mentioned intermittently throughout the file.The file is largely composed of internal correspondence between British officials at the Foreign Office, India Office, Royal Navy (including the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf) and the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf.In addition to this, the file also contains a limited amount of correspondence between British officials and the Government of Persia, some of which is in French.In addition to correspondence, the file also contains the following:Two copies of a memorandum by Mr Lascelles entitled 'Persian Claim to Tamb and Abu Musa (folios 26-32 and 141-145).A 'Note on the Arab Custom of Holding Property "In Common"' written by Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, the Political Agent in Kuwait (folios 40-44).An India Office report entitled 'Status of the Islands of Tamb, Little Tamb, Abu Musa and Sirri' (folios 347-350).A memorandum entitled 'Suggestion that the Island of Tamb Might be Leased to Persia (folios 419-422).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (437 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 439; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 4-436 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This part relates to the Government of India's decision to issue a revised edition of Aitchison's Treaties (full title:
A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries), with revised narratives for each geographical area covered, incorporating the principal events that have occurred since the publication of the previous edition in 1909.The part concerns the revised narrative for the section regarding Persia [Iran], Seistan [Sistan], Kerman and Persian Baluchistan, and includes extensive interdepartmental correspondence (most of which is dated 1929-1931) discussing the contents of the revised narrative, as well as the question of which treaties and agreements to include alongside it.The correspondence goes on to cover the requirement for a fresh proof of the revised narrative, following the Government of India's decision (made in consultation with His Majesty's Government) to defer its publication, in order to include references not only to recent events but also to further developments that are expected in the near future.Most of the part is made up of a copy of the second proof of the revised narrative (ff 24-41) together with copies of numerous related treaties, agreements and correspondence covering the period 1763-1928 (ff 42-216), of which a significant amount is written in French.The main correspondents are the following: the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; the British Legation, Tehran; officials of the India Office, Foreign Office, Colonial Office, and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.1 item (288 folios)
The file contains papers relating to Persia [Iran] and the Persian Gulf, including a document entitled ‘Notes on current topics prepared for reference during his Excellency the Viceroy’s tour in the Persian Gulf, November 1903.’ It also includes printed extracts of letters relating to the tour from Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Arnold Kemball, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Agent at Maskat [Muscat], dated August to October 1903.In addition, the file includes the following papers:Handwritten notes by George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, including notes on Muscat, Koweit [Kuwait], and the Mekran [Makran] CoastMemoranda concerning KoweitA copy of a letter from Colonel Charles Edward Yate, Agent to the Governor-General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan, to the Secretary to the Government of India Foreign Department, forwarding the camp diary kept during his tour in Makran and Las Bela, from 1 December 1901 to 25 January 1902A copy of a 'Report on a Journey from India to the Mediterranean via the Persian Gulf, Baghdad and the Euphrates Valley, including a Visit to the Turkish Dependency of El Hasa' by Captain J A Douglas, Staff Captain, Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General’s Department in India, 1897 (which includes three sketch maps: Mss Eur F111/358, f 138; Mss Eur F111/358, f 158; and Mss Eur F111/358, f 141).Folios 232 to 338 largely consist of printed copies of correspondence between Sir (Henry) Mortimer Durand, HM Minister at Teheran [Tehran], and the Marquess of Salisbury (Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil), Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated 1895-1896, relating to Persia.The file includes a copy of a Collective Letter addressed by the Turkish, British and French Consuls to the Valiahd regarding the Tabriz Riots, 5 August 1895, which is in French (folios 332).1 file (337 folios)The papers are arranged in roughly chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 339; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.