This file consists of a note written by Colonel Edward Charles Sparshott Williams, in which the author assesses the new practicalities and costs introduced by the Persian Government's desire to extend the proposed construction of a railway all the way from Mohamerah [Khorramshahr] to Teheran [Tehran]. He also makes specific comments and suggestions relating to clauses in the draft contract for construction of the railway.1 file (1 folio)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences and terminates at folio 201, as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, is circled, and is located at the top right corner of the folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; this number is also written in pencil, but is not circled.
This printed report consists primarily of a Note by Dr Thomas Walker Arnold concerning the spiritual authority of the Caliph (
khalīfah) in relation to contemporary events. It is prefaced by extracts from a correspondence between the Foreign Office and Sir Reginald Wingate, dated 3 and 17 December 1918. There is a concluding remark on Arnold's note by Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel of the India Office, dated 28 August 1918. There is an appendix entitled 'Pièces Justificatives' which appears to give extracts from sources consulted by Arnold. They include Christaan Snouck Hurgonje's
Mohammedanism(New York and London, 1916),
Nederland en de Islam(Leiden, 1915) and
The Holy War "Made in Germany". With a Word of Introduction by R. J. H. Gottheil(New York, 1915); Martin Hartmann in
Die Welt des Islams, I (Berlin, 1913); Carl Heinrich Becker's 'Islampolitik' in
Die Welt des Islams, III (Berlin, 1915); Abel Pavet de Courteille and Abdolonyme Ubicini,
État présent de l'Empire Ottoman(Paris, 1875); and Carlo Alfonso Nallino,
Appunti sulla natura del "califfato" in genere e sul presunto "califfato ottomano"(Rome, 1917).1 file (4 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 7, and terminates at folio 10, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
Memorandum written by Trevor John Chicheley Plowden, Under Secretary to the Foreign Department, Government of India, 21 Mar 1879, and published 25 March 1879 in Lahore by the Punjab Government.The memorandum addresses the question of Turkish jurisdiction in the islands and waters of the Persian Gulf and on the Arab littoral, looking at the entire southern coast from Koweit [Kuwait] to Ras-el-Had [Ra’s al-Hadd], but focusing primarily on the Arab coast and islands from Ras Tanorah [Ra's Tannūrah] to Ras Mussendom [Ra’s Musandam], including El-Bidaa [al-Bida], Bahrein [Bahrain], Zobara [Zubārah], El-Katr [Qatar] and the territories of the Arab Trucial Coast chiefs.The memorandum commences with a brief history of events at Odeid [Al ‘Udayd] in the 1800s, and the uncertainty in the 1870s over whether or not it was part of the territory of the Chief of Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi] or was an independent territory, and also discusses attempts by the Chief of El-Katr to persuade the Chief at Odeid, Shaikh Buttye to hoist a Turkish flag, which he refused.The memorandum, which cites correspondence from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Colonel Lewis Pelly, Colonel Edward Charles Ross), goes on to consider the Turkish authorities in Nejd [Najd] and their interests in Abuthabi and Debaye [Dubai]; further claims of Turkish interest in Odeid, including in 1877 claims that the inhabitants of Odeid were paying a tribute to the Turks through the Chief of El-Bidaa; and correspondence with the Turkish Government regarding an increase in piracy along the El-Katr coast.The memorandum focuses particularly on events in Odeid from 1877 onwards, including attempts to mediate a settlement between Abuthabi and Odeid; British intentions to support Abuthabi should a settlement not be mediated; vessels belonging to the Chief of Odeid having attacked vessels from Wukra [al Wakrah], breaching the maritime peace. The memorandum then reverts to the original questions relating to Turkish jurisdiction and concludes that Odeid is not a part of El-Katr territory, and is part of Abuthabi territory and is therefore answerable to the Chief of Abuthabi.The memorandum then reverts to the larger question of Turkish jurisdiction and considers the area from Ojair [al-‘Uqayr] to El-Bidaa and noting that they were not considered to be responsible for that area, but could have reasonable claim to do so should they wish; it also discusses the possibility of negotiating a line of demarcation to show where Turkish jurisdiction ends and British jurisdiction commences and the need for the British Government to reserve the right to suppress maritime irregularities at sea. The memorandum concludes by considering whether the question of a line of demarcation should be put to the Secretary of State for India; how to ensure that Bahrein [Bahrain] is recognised as independent of all Governments except Great Britain; and what impact such an agreement might have on Persia.Accompanying the memorandum is a note written by Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall, Secretary to the Foreign Department, Government of India, 7 April 1879 which supports the proposals outlined within it.1 file (14 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 108 and terminates at folio 121, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the top-right corner of the recto of each folio; these numbers are also written in pencil but are not circled.Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Report written by Adolphus Warburton Moore, Assistant Secretary in the Political Secret Department of the India Office, and dated 14 February 1877. The report, which deals with the question of British consular jurisdiction in Persia and the Persian Gulf, was written in order to close a matter that had been the subject of correspondence for over ten years. The report is a narrative of Government of India correspondence dating from 1866 to 1876 on the subject, and covers matters such as: questions over the extent of the territory over which jurisdiction may be exercised; the extent of jurisdictive powers held by the Political Resident, his Assistant, and other officials; implementation of jurisdictive powers; tribunals; legal procedure; civil and criminal law; the slave trade. An appendix to the report (folios 17-18) contains extracts from treatises (most in French) held between Persia and Great Britain (dated 4 March 1857), Persia and Russia (22 February 1828), and Persia and Germany (21 June 1873).18 foliosA single report, followed by a single appendix.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file contains an introduction by Major-General Sir George John Younghusband, Political Resident, Aden, introducing two memoranda written by Lieutenant Harold Fenton Jacob, First Assistant Resident, Aden. They are addressed to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, Political Department, it concerns Italian influence in the Red Sea, and how it is affecting Arabia after the Second World War.Enclosure No. 1 'Memorandum on the employment by Italians at Mogadiscio of Askaris from Arabia', dated 8 September 1915, Aden. It concerns an interview held with Colonel Bodrero of the Italian Benadir Colonial Service on the training of Arabs, and their fighting value.Enclosure No. 2 'Memorandum on the Political Policy of our Hinterland', dated 9 September 1915, Aden. It outlines what will happen politically if Turkey was to retire from Yemen, these being: the Imam of Sanaa [Ṣanʻā'] shifting his headquarters southwards, and taking hold of relinquished areas; conflicting interests of Imam and Idrisi Saiyid of Sabia; and amendments to British policy on expansion and previous agreements with Idrisi and Ibn Nasir Mukbil. Jacob also puts forward his own opinions of the rulers and the Arabs; and suggests future actions such as a strategic railway, raising levies, educating the sons of chieftains, and introducing medical missions.1 file (4 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 96, and terminates at f 99, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 96-99; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file consists of the Viceroy's Minute by Alfred Comyn Lyall, member of the Council of Secretary of State for India, pertaining to a letter from the Government of India dated 21 September 1899 (IOR/L/PS/7/116: 927/99) regarding British policy in Persia.It comments on the Government of India's views on: the lack of a clearly defined line of policy, the strategic and commercial interests of Great Britain and India in Persia, measures for strengthening the British position, and relations with Russia.1 file (1 folio)This file consists of a single document.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences and terminates at f 109, as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, and is located in the top right corner of the recto side of the folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file consists of the Viceroy's Minute by Donald Martin Stewart, member of the Viceroy's Council, pertaining to a letter from the Government of India dated 21 September 1899 (IOR/L/PS/7/116: 927/99) and a Minute by Alfred Comyn Lyall dated 3 November 1899 (IOR/L/PS/18/C99) regarding British policy in Persia.It comments on relations with Russia regarding the integrity of Persia, and the extension of the railway system.1 file (1 folio)This file consists of a single document.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences and terminates at f 110, as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, and is located in the top right corner of the recto side of the folio.
Secret report on British policy in the Middle East, divided into two sections (reports and telegrams) sent by Sir Mark Sykes during 1915, while on his tour of the Middle East, on behalf of the de Bunsen Committee.Report no. 4 (Secret), dated 12 June 1915 from Athens, reporting on an interview held with His Highness Sabah-ed-Din [Sabahaddin] (folio 107);Report no. 14 (Secret), dated 14 July 1915, from the Shepherds Hotel [sic] in Cairo, reporting on interviews held with the Sultan of Egypt [Hussein Kamel], Said Pasha Shucair, Dr Faris Nimr, editor of the
Mokattam, M Bartevian, editor of the
Houssaper, Mohid Din eh Kurdi of Al Azhar University, and the Pan-Arabist Reshid Rida. At the end of the letter are Sykes’s conclusions and proposals with regard to Syria, based on these interviews (folios 107-10);Report no. 17, dated 2 August 1915, from the Shepheard’s Hotel in Cairo. An analysis of intellectual currents evident in Islamic thought in the Near East. The report distinguishes between strands of ‘ancient’ and ‘modern’ thought, and further distinguishes different classes within each. The report is addressed at the end of the letter: Major-General EC Callwell, Director of Military Operations, War Office (folios 110-12);Report no. 19 (Secret), dated 10 August 1915, from Aden. Reporting on conversations held with Sa’ad P Zaglool [Saad Zaghloul], Shaykh Shakir, Secretary of the Al Azhar University, and the French-Dominican archaeologist Père [Antonin] Jaussen (folios 112-13);Telegram no. 18, dated 19 November 1915, to the Director of Military Operations, with recommendations on addressing the difficulties associated with a lack of confidence on the part of the Arab world in British power, and making arrangements with the Arab world that would be ‘inoffensive to French susceptibilities’;Telegram no. 19, dated 21 November, to the Director of Military Operations, discussing an interview with Faruki Bey, and proposals for possible Anglo-French territorial arrangements in the Middle East;Telegram no. 20, dated 21 November, to the Director of Military Operations, discussing in more detail the points raised in the previous telegram, on Anglo-French territorial arrangements in the Middle East;Telegram no. 21, undated, to the Director of Military Operations, on the possibility of a Turkish reoccupation of Syria, and the possibility of Germany and the Turkish Committee of Union and Progress coordinating a massacre of the Christian population in Syria;Telegram no. 22, dated 30 November 1914, to the Director of Military Operations, reporting on interviews held with Baird, Shaykh Mohidin Kurdi of the Azhar University, Faris Nirur, and the Sultan, and reiterating the threat posed by Turkish forces to the Christian population of Syria, should they reoccupy Syria.1 file (9 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 107, and terminates at f 115, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 107-115; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and won't be found in the same position as the main sequence.
Printed copy of a secret memorandum, dated 1915; a report by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Mark Sykes, which is an overview of the human, religious and political dimensions of the Arab population in the Middle East. The report is divided into four sections, based on the four groups of Arab people identified by Sykes:The Arabs of Arabia, further subdivided into the Arabs of Hejaz, Nejd [Najd], the Gulf coast, Muscat, Yemen, and Hadhramaut [Ḥaḍramawt];The Arabs of Mesopotamia, further subdivided into five regions along the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;The Syrians, with brief explanation of the reasons underlying the complexity of the religious situation in Syria, including the historic interplay between Christians and Muslims, the French railways, Turkish influence;The Arabs of Northern Irak [Iraq] and Jazirah, divided into five main factors: Diarbekir-Urfa [Diyarbakır], North Jazirah, Mosul [Al-Mawṣil], Kerkuk [Kirkūk] and Baghdad.In his conclusion, Sykes lists the chief characteristics of the ‘Arab movement’, and in a final note, he draws attention to the contempt which Indians hold towards Arabs. The original memorandum included a map, with the regions populated by the four Arab groups indicated in green, yellow, red and blue.1 file (3 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 116, and terminates at f 118, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 116-118; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and won't be found in the same position as the main sequence.
The file contains a note written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office introducing enclosed correspondence between the Secretary of State for India, the Government of India, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf concerning the Trucial Coast policy of His Majesty's Government.Consisting of:views of Sir Frederick Johnston, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 23 April 1929. Johnston considers a policy of interference in terms of successions and supporting shaikhs, assesses the current setup of the Residency Agent and the need to post a full-time Political Agent at Dubai, and recommends reviewing policy with regard to actual conditions and needs.paraphrase telegrams between the Secretary of State for India and the Viceroy, Foreign and Political Department regarding Johnston's despatch on Trucial Sheikhdoms, and the need to wait for Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett to take over as Political Resident.recommendations of Colonel Barrett, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 5 September 1929. In includes the following: a discussion of the system of succession by murder; a response to the views expressed in Johnston's correspondence; an assessment both of the post of current Resident Agent and of its present incumbent; the attitude of Arab chiefs; the appointment of a British Political Agent; and the policy to be adopted.views of the Government of India pertaining to the recommendations of Colonel Barrett, paraphrase telegram from Viceroy, Foreign and Political Department, to Secretary of State for India, 22 October 1929.1 file (5 folios)This file consists of a single memorandum.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 100, and terminates at f 104, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This printed memorandum is a note, dated 20 November 1918, by Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel of the India Office concerning British policy in Arabia. The note discusses 'The Status of the King of the Hejaz [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī]' and 'The Status of Iraq', and largely focuses on British interests in Mesopotamia [Iraq]. The policy note makes it clear that Britain’s main objective was to gain control of the whole of Mesopotamia.2 foliosFoliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 133 and terminates at folio 134, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
Secret memorandum, prepared by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Mark Sykes. The report is preceded by a letter from Sykes to Major-General Charles Edward Callwell, Director of Military Operations, War Office, London, dated 15 November 1915, which includes Sykes’s opinion on the occupation of Ahwaz, and an assessment of the Turkish forces outside Aden.The memorandum, dated 28 October 1915, is divided into the following sections:(i) military situation in Mesopotamia: the relative weakness of troop numbers in Mesopotamia; implications of taking and holding Baghdad; supply of gunboats and ammunition. The political situation in Mesopotamia: the opinions of the notables of Basra, and of the general population; future policy, particularly in relation to the connection between India and Mesopotamia; colonisation by Indians, and the risks associated with the ‘Indianisation’ of Mesopotamia;(ii) Indian Moslems [Muslims] and the War, including: Sykes’s assessment of the ‘extreme ignorance’ of Indian Muslims of Islamic theological doctrine; sympathy of Indian Muslims with the Turks and the Committee of Union and Progress; British educational policy towards Islam in India;(iii) General situation: the political situation in India, Persia, Egypt and Arabia, and three proposed lines of action in order to defeat the Ottoman Empire. Military situation, identifying the regions and fronts critical to the region. Final observation on ‘certain psychological idiosyncrasies’ of the Ottoman armies.1 file (7 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 100, and terminates at f 106, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 100-106; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and won't be found in the same position as the main sequence.
The volume contains lists of, and genealogical tables and biographies for, the notable families of Fars [Fārs] and Persian Officials at Shiraz [Shīrāz].The volume includes a 'Sketch Map of Boundaries of Districts of Fars', found in a pocket at the rear of the volume (folio 53).1 volume (52 folios)A table of contents can be found at folio 4.An index to the biographies arranged by name can be found at folios 45-48.An index to the biographies arranged by title (and some family names) can be found at folios 49-51.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 54; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office. It covers arrangements from 1616 to 1921 summarising the use of agents, establishment of the Bushire Residency, and role of Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. It considers arrangements since the Report of the Masterton-Smith Committee in 1921 concerning the question of redistribution of political responsibility between His Majesty's Government and the Government of India, the line of communication with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and Nejd, and the responsibilities of the Political Resident. The final section concerns Persia and the maintenance of a 'Political Resident' (as distinct from Consul-General) at Bushire.1 file (2 folios)This file consists of a single report.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 5, and terminates at f 6, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file consists of a note written by the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, Sir Alfred Hamilton Grant. It concerns the future involvement of the Government of India in Persia. Grant suggests that the Government of India has the following options:to clear out of Persian entirely and 'leave it to stew in its own juice without financial or other assistance';to acquire a mandate to run Persia, retaining troops there, controlling the Government and practically administering the country;to acquire a mandate for some other power (such as America or Belgium) to undertake the task;to continue – with or without a mandate – to assist Persia on a limited scale.Grant goes on to list objections to the first three options before stating that the fourth course of action is the one that the Government of India would advocate. Grant cites the concerns of Sir Charles Marling [British Minister at Tehran] regarding Persian public opinion on the presence of the British in Persia. Grant concludes his note by proposing that a public declaration should be made to the Persian Government, in which His Majesty's Government would promise a number of actions – including the withdrawal of its military presence in Persia – in return for being able to assist the Persian Government in the regulation of its finances.1 file (2 folios)The file consists of one note.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 161, and terminates at f 162, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file contains papers relating to the domestic politics of Oman during 1874. The papers mostly cover the rebellion of the Al-Sa'ad tribe and the concurrent efforts of the British to suppress their rebellion in support of the Sultan of Oman and Muscat. The file contains several letters by the head of the Al-Sa'ad, Sayyid Hamad bin Ahmed, and Sultan Turkee bin Said of Oman. Most of the papers however, are between officials of the Government of India at Calcutta and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.1 file (230 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 232; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-232; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The papers in these volumes contain correspondence on political affairs in Oman, especially British financial support for the Sultan Turkee bin Sa'id during a rebellion against his authority by various tribes. Other topics discussed in the papers include Sayyid `Abd al-Aziz's property in Zanzibar; jurisdiction of the British consulate over Indian subjects in Muscat; intrigue by the Sultan's nephew, Sayyid Salim, his allowance and expenditure and the Sultan's subsidy and expenses from the British government.3 volumes (549 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: this file consists of three physical volumes. The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio of volume one (ff 1-182), volume two (ff 183-366) and terminates at the last folio of volume three (ff 367-556); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-556; these numbers are printed, and are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers of the volumes. The file has one foliation anomaly, f 159a.
This file contains letters that cover a wide variety of subjects. This includes diplomatic correspondence, general political administration, court statements and petitions, as well as trade reports and some general commercial matters. The majority of the file consists of correspondence between the Political Agent in Muscat and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf or the Government of India. The file also contains letters by Qais bin Azzan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman in Arabic and a number of other Arabic and Gujurati language letters by both Omani ship captains, and British Indian subjects writing to the Political Agent in Muscat.1 file (487 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 489; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains papers that discuss possible Turkish designs on Oman. It also includes the November 1885 administration report and trade returns from the Political Agent in Muscat to the Political Resident in Bushire; 1884-85 report on a visit by the Political Agent to Ras Fartak. However. The majority of the file's papers cover possible means of British support (including Naval action) to Sayyid Turki, the Sultan of Muscat and Oman against insurrection in 1885-1886.1 file (51 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 53; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-52; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
This file contains two primary types of correspondence. The first is letters between the British Political Agent in Muscat, Lieutenant Colonel Edward Charles Ross and the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire. The file also contains correspondence between the British Political Agent in Muscat and various Omani political and tribal authorities. The subject matter of the letters includes administration report and trade returns from 1877-1878, and the marriage of the Sultan's eldest son. However, the first half of the papers pertains to the attempt by the Sultan's brother, Sayyid Abdul Aziz, to organise a rebellion against his brother in Muscat among the tribes of the interior of Oman.All the letters received from Omani figures are included as both transcriptions made by Political Agency officials in Muscat and translations from the original Arabic. The original letters are not included.1 file (205 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 207; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file consists of exchanges to do with events and personalities in or around Gwadur [Gwadar] on the Makran Coast of Baluchistan. The file includes a list of important personalities in Oman, and the 1882 administration report and trade returns. The end of the file consists of an extensive biographical sketch of Sultan Sayyid Sa`id ibn Sultan by Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Barrett Miles.In between these items are letters on incidents of plunder and looting in Gwadur. They include subsequent applications to the Political Agency for countermeasures or compensation by British protected subjects and responses from the Sultan of Oman's governor (Wali) in Gwadur at the time, Sayyid bin Musallem.1 file (134 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 136; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains papers that discuss the possible annexation of Khor Fakhan, Kalba and Dibba by Oman from June-July 1886, as well as administration report and trade returns from 1885-86. The file also contains a discrete report on weights and measures employed in the pearl trade in the Gulf by Lieutenant Colonel Edward Mockler the Political Agent in Muscat, as well as separate reports entitled 'Notes of a tour through Oman and Dhahira' by Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Barrett Miles. Ancillary papers discuss relations between Oman and Sharjah.1 file (64 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 66; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This file contains correspondence between Sayyid `Abd al-Aziz bin Sa'id, the Sultan of Oman's cousin and competitor, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf about Oman affairs. Specifically, the exchanges discuss whether the Sultan at the time, Faisal bin Turki, was fit to rule. The file also contains letters about a dispute between Arabs of Khasab and Kumzar and the 1882 Administration report and trade returns.1 file (61 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 63; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
A letter and a short postscript, in which Arthur William Moore writes to the British Government describing an ongoing financial dispute between the chiefs of Shahr and Makulla, two principal ports on the south coast of Arabia. The author mentions the likelihood of the region falling into Turkish hands should the dispute continue, and outlines British attempts therefore to settle it. The dispute remains ongoing at the time the postscript was written.6 foliosFoliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at folio 41, and terminates at folio 46, as it is part of a larger volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-152; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The volume is
Who's Who in Mesopotamia, General Staff, India. The volume is marked confidential and was printed in Delhi by Superintendent Government Printing, India, in 1916.The volume consists of an alphabetical list of individuals issued by the Intelligence Branch of the Indian Expeditionary Force 'D'. Each entry includes biographical information relevant to the individual which has been taken from the Branch's files.1 file (136 folios)The volume is arranged alphabetically by name of entry in the list.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 138; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The first edition of
Who's Who in Persia (Volume I) Khorasan, Sistan & the Kainat, compiled by General Staff, India, comprises a biographical dictionary of individuals connected with those regions in 1923.It also includes two genealogical trees outlining the pedigree of the Chiefs of Tun and Tabas, and the Rukn-ud-Dauleh family, showing their relationship to the Shahs of Persia.Published by the Government Central Press, Delhi.1 volume (34 folios)The biographical entries are arranged in alphabetical order from front to back, with cross-references where required.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 36; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The first edition of
Who's Who in Persia (Volume II), compiled by the General Staff, India, comprises a biographical dictionary of individuals, families, and tribes connected with Persia in 1923.At the front of the volume (ff 4-7) it includes lists of:foreign representatives in Tehran;Persian representatives in foreign countries;Persian honorary members of various British Orders;Persian Cabinet members to 1920;new Persian Cabinet members from 2 March 1921;Persian Cabinet members from 5 June 1921.It also includes genealogical trees for certain entries.The volume was published by the Superintendent, Government Central Press, Simla.1 volume (223 folios)The biographical entries are arranged in alphabetical order from front to back, with cross-references where required.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 225; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The first edition of
Who's Who in Persia (Volume III) Arabistan, Luristan, Isfahan & Bakhtiari, compiled by the General Staff, India, comprises a biographical dictionary of individuals, families, and tribes connected with those regions in 1922.It also includes a genealogical tree for the Bakhtiari Chiefs (folio 10).The volume was published by the Government Central Press, Simla, 1923.1 volume (27 folios)The biographical entries are arranged in alphabetical order from front to back, with cross-references where required.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 29; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The first edition of
Who's Who in Persia (Volume IV) Persian Baluchistan, Kerman, Bandar Abbas, Fars, Yezd and Laristan, compiled by the General Staff, India, comprises a biographical dictionary of individuals, families, and tribes connected with those regions in 1923.It also includes genealogical trees for certain entries.The volume was published by the Superintendent, Government Central Press, Simla.1 volume (87 folios)The biographical entries are arranged in alphabetical order from front to back, with cross-references where required.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 89; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume contains brief biographical statements on individuals active in Persia [Iran], often including comments on their character, reputation, political affiliations, language skills, and attitudes towards European and regional powers. It also contains a number of genealogical tables, and information on important families.The volume has been annotated in several places, comprising additions or removal of material from pre-existing biographies, or the addition of new entries. Clippings from Government correspondence have also been pasted in. These additions are often stamped with a date, which range between 1920 to1923. Additional pages have been added to the volume at several points, most notably at folios 3-8, which contain details of appointments to the Persian Cabinet in 1920 and 1921.1 volume (254 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 256; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.Additional pages have been pasted into the volume, alongside a number of annotations in blue pencil and black ink.
The volume contains brief biographical statements on individuals active in Iraq, often including comments on their character, reputation, political affiliations, command of armed forces, and attitudes towards European and regional powers.1 volume (155 folios)An index, organised by area and then alphabetically by name, can be found at folios 149-155.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 157; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence (138 pp).
A political note in five sections, entitled:The Turkish Unionists (C.U.P.) [Committee of Union and Progress]The Bolshevik AttitudeArmeniaThe Anatolian NationalistsConclusionThe author, Major Norman Napier Evelyn Bray, discusses the political motivations and relationships of the major forces in Central Asia and the Caucasus, and suggests that Mustafa Kemal Ataturk be strengthened lest the Bolsheviks seize control of the region.An appendix reproduces a Bolshevik document which gives instructions to develop Bolshevik propaganda and institutions in Georgia.1 file (4 folios)This file consists of a note divided into five sections (ff 84-87), followed by an appendix (f 87)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at folio 84 and terminates at folio 87; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
A note by Major Robert Marrs, in which the author provides a comparison of the judicial systems in Mesopotamia and Palestine, followed by a number of points regarding jurisdiction over foreigners in those places.1 file (2 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at folio 94 and terminates at folio 95; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Statements giving lists of names of individuals in custody or under police surveillance. The statements give the name of the individual, the date of their arrest or surveillance, and either the name of the person whose custody they are in or the police force responsible for the surveillance.'Statement showing the names of prisoners in custody''Statement shewing the names of witnesses under Police surveillance''Poison Case: Statement shewing the names of persons arrested pending enquiry into their cases''Bribery & Frauds' Case: Statement shewing the names of persons arrested, pending enquiry''Bhawoo Scindia Murder Case: Statement of persons arrested in''Miscellaneous cases: Statement of persons arrested'7 folios
A memorandum written by Edmund] Neel, Political and Secret Department, India Office, in continuation of a previous memorandum [IOR/L/PS/18/B60], in which the Resident at Aden is urged to ascertain the present situation at Sheikh Said [Ra’s Shaykh Sa‘īd] following fears that the French Government planned to occupy the place.The memorandum reproduces a report written by Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Vincent Stace, First Assistant to the Resident at Aden, which provides a sketch map (f 7) and a description of the geographical setting and principal buildings at Sheikh Said, and also raises the possibility that the French intend to dredge the lagoon there in order to create a basin for vessels of war.The memorandum goes on to reproduce correspondence in which the opinions of the Resident at Aden, the Director of Military Intelligence, and the Secretary of State for India are given; the memorandum further notes that assurances have been received from the Turkish Porte that the French Government will not be allowed to take over any part of the Arabian coast.However, as the French Government did not recognise Sheikh Said as Turkish, and since a Russian gunboat was known to have landed on the African shore of the Red Sea, the memorandum concludes that the British authorities should keep a close eye on French and Russian movements in the area.The sketch map at folio 7 shows a region around Ras Shekh Said and Perim Island at the south-western tip of the Arabian Peninsula, indicating hydrology, settlements, principal buildings and the routes of a telegraph line, a submarine cable and a suggested canal. Hachures are used to show relief, and a brief note explains the map's sources. The map was published in June 1893 by the Intelligence Division, War Office, sheet no. 985.1 item (5 folios)This item consists of 14 sections, with a map (f 7).
The plan shows Sheikh Shuaib with a proposed site and a proposed landing place. The plan was published as Appendix 6 to a Report by David W. Hood, Supplementary to that of a Committee of Enquiry on the Lighting and Buoyage of the Persian Gulf.1 planMaterial: Printed on paper.Dimensions: 300 x 180mm, on sheet 330 x 210mm.
The plan shows Sheikh Shuaib, with a proposed site for a lighting installation and a proposed landing place. The plan was published as Appendix 2 to a Report by David W. Hood, Supplementary to that of a Committee of Enquiry on the Lighting and Buoyage of the Persian Gulf.1 planMaterial: Blue-print.Dimensions: 300 x 180mm, on sheet 330 x 210mm.
The file relates to Sheikh Ali bin Ahmed Al Khalifah (also referred to as Ali bin Ahmad), nephew of the Ruler of Bahrain, Sheikh Esa bin Ali Al Khalifa [Sheikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah]. The file includes correspondence from the Government of India, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Political Agent, Bahrain, the Ruler of Bahrain (in Arabic with English translations), and Sheikh Ali himself (also in Arabic with English translations). The file includes:papers relating to the exile of Sheikh Ali from Bahrain [frequently referred to in the file in the spelling Bahrein], the question of whether the Government of India or the Ruler of Bahrain should pay the costs of his maintenance allowance during his exile in India, and the amount of that payment, May - October 1905;papers relating to the question of the future adminstration of Manama and Bahrain, September - October 1905;papers recording the payment of Sheikh Ali's maintenance allowance on a monthly basis by the Ruler of Bahrain, 1906-1909;papers concerning the possibility of the return of Sheikh Ali to Bahrain, July 1906 - December 1907;papers concerning the proposed occupation of Sheikh Ali's former house in Bahrain by the Ruler's son, Sheikh Hamad [Sheikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah], September 1906;papers concerning the terms of a proposed agreement for the return of Sheikh Ali to Bahrain before the expiry of his term of banishment, including details of properties and allowances in cash assigned by Sheikh Esa for the maintenance of Sheikh Ali, December 1907 - May 1908;papers concerning the return of Sheikh Ali to Bahrain, July 1908 - February 1909;subsequent reports and correspondence about Sheikh Ali, including note of his death, September 1912 - January 1917.The date of the first original piece of correspondence in the file is 22 August 1905. The file also contains copies of correspondence printed by the Government of India dating from 20 May 1905.1 file (313 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 315 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. A second sequence, comprising a combination of pagination and foliation, numbered 1-343, can be found between ff. 2-314. These numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in either the top left or top right hand corners of the verso or recto page of each folio respectively.
The file contains papers relating to the safe custody and transfer by the Bahrain Political Agency of secret and confidential publications and cyphers and codes. The file contains correspondence from the Political Agent, Bahrain and from other British officials, safe custody certificates, transfer certificates, and related papers. The papers include:papers relating to the custody of
'Field Notes on Saudi Arabia - 1935', December 1936 - September 1946, including certificates of safe custody sent to the Air Officer Commanding, British Forces in Iraq;papers relating to the updating of the 'Military Report on the Arabian States in the Persian Gulf', May - June 1941 and March 1942, including correspondence between the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Government of India, correspondence from Major H T Hewitt, Defence Officer, Persian Gulf, containing reports on defence arrangements in Bahrein [Bahrain] and Qatar, May 1941, letter from E V Packer, Petroleum Concessions Limited containing a report on the oil situation in Qatar, June 1941, letter from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain containing a report on the Bahrain naturs, May 1941, and report on the route from Sharjah to Kalba by Cornelius James Pelly, Political Agent on the Trucial Coast, Sharjah, March 1942, with sketch map, folio 81;Foreign Office memorandum on the production of official documents, 1942.The Arabic content of this file consists of printed text on the verso of the sketch map on folio 81. This sheet appears to have been reused for drawing the map.1 file (260 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file. Serial numbers written in blue and red crayon (blue for sent correspondence, red for received correspondence) are present throughout the file. They refer to entries in the notes at the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 258 on the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 1, 1A; ff. 3, 3A; ff. 53, 53A; ff. 185, 185A. A second incomplete foliation sequence numbered 53-250 is also present between ff. 52-245. The numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled, and appear in the same position as the main sequence.
The volume is a Government of India official publication entitled
Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia.) General Staff India 1922(Simla: Printed at the Government Monotype Press, 1923).The volume contains details of land routes. The information given for each route comprises:number of route;place names forming starting point and destination of route;authority and date;number of stage;names of stages;distance in miles (intermediate and total);remarks (including precise details of the route, general geographical information, and information on smaller settlements, local peoples, religious affiliations, condition of roads, access to water, supplies of wood, and other routes).The volume also contains a map entitled
Index Map to Routes in Persia Vol. II., which shows a region of northern and western Persia, indicating routes described in the volume, cities, towns, roads, tracks and paths. The map includes a printing statement which reads 'Simla Drawing Office. No 3371. October. 1922.'.1 volume (507 folios)The volume is divided into three parts, includes an index (folios 435-506) and provides a map in a pocket attached to the inside back cover (folio 508).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 509; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume is a Government of India official publication entitled
Routes in Persia. Volume III, Part 2. General Staff India 1916(Calcutta, Superintendent Government Printing, India 1916).The volume contains details of land routes. The information given for each route comprises:number of route;place names forming starting point and destination of route;authority and date;number of stage;names of stages;distance in miles (intermediate and total);remarks (including precise details of the route, general geographical information, and information on smaller settlements, local peoples, religious affiliations, condition of roads, access to water, supplies of wood, and other routes).The volume also contains a map entitled
Routes in Persia Vol. III, Part II., which shows a region of western Persia, indicating routes described in the volume, cities, towns, tracks, railway and telegraph lines, and hydrology. The map was prepared by the Simla Drawing Office and heliozincographed at the Survey of India Offices, Calcutta. A printing statement reads 'S.D.O. No. 1599, Oct. 1916.'.1 volume (171 folios)The volume includes an index to routes (folio 5) and a glossary (folios 168-169), and provides a map in a pocket attached to the inside back cover (folio 172).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 173; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume is a Government of India official publication entitled
Routes in Persia. Volume IV, Part I. General Staff India 1918(Calcutta, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1918).The volume contains details of land routes. The information given for each route comprises:number of route;place names forming starting point and destination of route;authority and date;number of stage;names of stages;distance in miles (intermediate and total);remarks (including precise details of the route, general geographical information, and information on smaller settlements, local peoples, religious affiliations, condition of roads, access to water, supplies of wood, and other routes).The volume also contains a map entitled
Routes in Persia Vol. IV. Index Map, which shows a region of southern and eastern Persia, indicating routes described in the volume, cities, towns, roads, tracks, paths and hydrology. The map was heliozincographed at the Survey of India Offices, Calcutta, and was prepared by the Simla Drawing Office; it includes a printing statement which reads 'S.D.O. No. 2396, September 1918.'.1 volume (341 folios)The volume includes a glossary (folios 330-340), and provides a map in a pocket attached to the inside back cover (folio 342).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 343; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This volume contains descriptions of the 'more important of the known routes in Arabia proper' produced by the General Staff in Simla, India. It is divided up as follows:Part I- Routes in North-Eastern, Eastern, and Southern Arabia.Part II- Routes in South-Western, Western, and North-Western Arabia.Part III- Miscellaneous Routes in Mesopotamia.Appendix A- Information about Routes etc in the Rowanduz District by Abdullah Pasha, Hereditary Chief of Rowanduz and ex-official of the Turkish Government.Appendix B- Information relating to Navigation etc of the Tigris between Mosul and Baghdad supplied by our Raftsmen.The volume contains a Glossary of Arabic Terms used in the route descriptions and a map of Arabia with the routes marked on it.1 volume (425 folios)Divided into three sections as outlined in the scope and content.The file contains a contents page that lists all of the routes included on folios 6-13 and uses the original printed pagination system.Condition: A bound, printed volume.Foliation: The file's foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Please note that f 424 is housed inside f 425.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume is a Government of India official publication entitled
Routes in Persia. (Volume I.) (Khorasan and Sistan.) General Staff India 1928(Calcutta, Government of India Press, 1928).The volume contains details of land routes. The information given for each route comprises:number of route;place names forming starting point and destination of route;authority and date;number of stage;names of stages;distance in miles (intermediate and total);remarks (including precise details of the route, general geographical information, and information on smaller settlements, local peoples, religious affiliations, condition of roads, access to water, supplies of wood, and other routes).The volume also contains a map entitled
Index Map to Routes in Persia Vol. I., which shows a region of northern and eastern Persia, indicating routes described in the volume, cities, towns, roads, tracks and paths. The map was printed by the Simla Drawing Office, Survey of India, and includes a printing statement which reads 'S.D.O.S.I. No 5376. June 28.'.1 volume (264 folios)The volume includes a glossary (folios 246-250) and an index (folios 251-263), and provides a map in a pocket attached to the inside back cover (folio 265).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 266; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume is a Government of India official publication entitled
Routes in Persia Volume III, Part I. General Staff India 1916 (Reprint April 1918)(Simla: Printed at the Government Monotype Press, 1918).The volume contains details of land routes. The information given for each route comprises:number of route;place names forming starting point and destination of route;authority and date;number of stage;names of stages;distance in miles (intermediate and total);remarks (including precise details of the route, general geographical information, and information on smaller settlements, local peoples, religious affiliations, condition of roads, access to water, supplies of wood, and other routes).The volume also contains two maps: the first map (folio 208) is entitled
Index Map to Routes in Persia Vol. III,
Part I, and shows a region of central and southern Persia, indicating routes described in the volume, cities, towns, roads, tracks and paths. The map was heliozincographed at the Survey of India Offices, Calcutta, and was prepared by the Simla Drawing Office; it includes a printing statement which reads 'S.D.O. No. 1568, Sept. 1916.'.The second map (folio 209) is entitled
Index Map of Gazetteer and Routes in Persia, and shows the whole of Persia with portions of adjacent countries, indicating the extents of the coverage of each volume of the
Gazetteer and Routes of Persia, administrative regions and boundaries, hydrology, and major cities and towns. The map was heliozincographed at the Survey of India Offices, Calcutta, and was prepared by the Simla Drawing Office; it includes a printing statement which reads 'S.D.O. No. 1756, Jan. 1917.'.1 volume (208 folios)The volume includes an index (folios 5-6) and a glossary (folios 205-206), and provides two maps in a pocket attached to the inside back cover (folios 208-209).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 210; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file contains correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bahrain; the Political Agent at Bahrain; K V Rajagoplan, Officiating Superintendent, Political Agency, Bahrain; M A Hafiz, Indian Assistant to the Political Agent, Bahrain; Mr Carrau, clerk in charge of the Confidential Section of the Political Agency, Bahrain; B N Chakrabarty, Joint Secretary, Establishment Branch, Government of India, New Delhi; and the Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi.The correspondence concerns the recruitment of Indian and Anglo-Indian members of the Persian Gulf Cadre for Class I appointments in the newly developed Indian Foreign Service and Indian Administrative Service in the months prior to the partition and independence of India in 1947. These papers include application letters (ff. 3-6); advertisment issued by Federal Public Service Commission inviting applications for recruitment to the Indian Foreign Service (ff. 10-11); and 'Federal Public Service Commission: Instructions to candidates for appointment by selection' (ff. 17-18A).1 file (38 folios)This file is arranged in approximately chronological order.Foliation: The foliation sequence begins on the front cover and runs to the back cover; it appears in pencil, uncircled, in the top right corner of the recto of the page. Foliation anomalies: 1A, 12A, 18A, 18B.
The volume is titled
Iraq and the Persian Gulf(London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).There then follows thirteen chapters:I. Introduction.II. Geology and description of the land.III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf.IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.V. History.VI. People.VII. Distribution of the people.VIII. Administration and public life.IX. Public health and disease.X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.XII. Ports and inland towns.XIII. Communications.Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.1 volume (430 folios)The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file begins with draft instructions, under the heading 'Anglo-Russian Relations', apparently written by John Morley, Secretary of State for India, for Sir Arthur Nicolson, British Ambassador at St Petersburg, in advance of negotiations over an Anglo-Russian agreement.The instructions are divided into two sections, 'Persia' and 'Afghanistan', and they concern Britain's and Russia's respective interests in Persia and Afghanistan. The instructions outline important points on which Nicolson is expected to base any future agreement with Russia (of which a fundamental requirement is Russia's recognition both of the independence and integrity of Persia, and of the territorial integrity of Afghanistan). The remaining instructions relate to issues of trade in Persia and Afghanistan.The draft instructions are followed by an extract from a private letter from Lord Minto [Gilbert John Elliot Murray Kynynmound], Viceroy and Governor-General of India, to John Morley, dated 12 June 1906.In the letter, Lord Minto responds to Morley's draft instructions for Sir Arthur Nicolson. Minto gives his opinions on the wording and possible implications of each paragraph of the draft instructions. Most of Minto's letter details his opposition to the idea that Great Britain and Russia should agree not to extend their railways in the direction of the frontiers of Afghanistan for the next ten years, for which Minto offers a number of political and military considerations.Minto's letter is followed by a letter from Lord Kitchener [Horatio Herbert Kitchener] to Lord Minto, dated 23 May 1906, in which Kitchener responds to Minto's letter of 19 May 1906, which requested Kitchener's opinion on the question of the Frontier railways. In his letter, Kitchener argues that the possibility of extending the British railway system is not only of great strategic importance for the defence of British India, but is also important for maintaining friendly relations with the Amir [Emir] of Afghanistan [Habibullah Khan].Kitchener's letter is followed by two loose folios which repeat word for word the aforementioned draft instructions on Afghanistan and Persia (folios 8 and 9 respectively). Both sets of instructions have the heading 'Secret'.1 file (9 folios)The correspondence in this file is not in chronological order. Following the draft instructions, the most recent letter, which is dated 12 June 1906, appears first, followed by an enclosed letter, which is dated 23 May 1906.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio, and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Printed report communicated by the India Office and printed for the use of the Foreign Office. The report concerns British relations with the Wahabees [Wahhabi] emirs, from 1904 to 1907, the growing influence of Ibn Sa‘ūd [Āl Sa‘ūd, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal] and the British proposal to send a Political Agent to Kuwait, to contrast the Turkish influence over Central Arabia.1 file (5 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 8, and terminates at f 12, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This memorandum concerns British relations with Turkey in the Persian Gulf and was written by Frederic Arthur Hirtzel in December 1910. The immediate question it addresses is 'the desirability of concluding a treaty with a Sheikh or Sheikhs of the El Katr [Qatar] peninsula as a bulwark against Turkish aggression' and comments on a telegram by Percy Zachariah Cox. It is divided into three parts; the first part assesses the general Anglo-Turkish situation in the Gulf and examines anti-British and pro-German developments as Constantinople.The second part concurs that the publication of the secret agreement with Shaikh Mubarak bin Sabah of Koweit [Kuwait] is necessary to clarify matters and lists settlements claimed by the Shaikh of Koweit. The third part argues that having achieved that they should make treaties on the lines of Trucial Coast agreements with 'Bin Thani' [Shaikh Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī]. The memorandum discusses how such an agreement would be justifiable because by excluding foreign powers it would maintain the status quo.The memorandum concludes that it was desirable to conclude treaties with the Qatar tribes and that this would require giving them a guarantee against Turkish aggression.5 foliosThe memorandum is arranged in three sections with an introduction and conclusion.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio, and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: An original printed pagination sequence is also present in the booklet.
This file consists of a memorandum of British relations with Khazal Khan, Shaikh of Mohammerah. The memorandum describes the inter-acting strategies over time of Khazal, the British Government and the Government of Persia, and reproduces the texts of British assurances of support given to Khazal. The memorandum goes on to describe Khazal's arrest and detention by Reza Shah in Tehran, and his death there eleven years later.The memorandum was written by Hugh K Grey, Foreign Office, in response to a claim made by Khazal's eldest son that British assurances given to his late father should pass over to him.1 file (12 folios)The file contains a table of contents (f 1) followed by a memorandum divided into 52 paragraphs (ff 1-10) and an annex at the end (ff 10-12)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 12; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume contains records of correspondence (abstracts, lists, copies and originals) concerning relations between Russia and Persia during the period 1837-1875. The papers are as follows:Papers relating to Russian proceedings on the island of Ashoorada [Ashuradeh] covering the years 1837-1854 (but compiled at an unspecified later date):abstract of correspondence covering the years 1837-1854 (folios 1-13);lists of dispatches and correspondence covering the years 1837-1852 (folios 14-21A).Papers relating to Russo-Persian relations, c1860-1862:abstract of a memoir on the general policy of Russia in the East by M. Sawarykielwiez (folios 22-33). The abstract is signed WHB. A note in blue crayon on folio 22 reads '?About 1860';letter from Charles Alison, Tehran to John Russell, Earl Russell, dated 14 June 1862, enclosing a translation of a draft [not transcribed] of a secret treaty between Persia and Russia proposed during the Crimean War (original manuscript copy and two typescript copies) (folios 34-37).Copies of secret dispatches from the British Embassy at St Petersburg to the British Government, dated 1874-1875, relating to Russian activities in Transcaspia and Central Asia, with copies of supporting correspondence (folios 38-146). Many of the dispatches are in French.1 volume (173 folios)The papers are bound in chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the first folio after the front cover and terminates at 157 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 21, 21A; ff. 74, 74A; ff. 114, 114A; ff. 115, 115A; ff. 116, 116A; ff. 127, 127A; ff. 130, 130A; ff. 131, 131A; ff. 132, 132A; ff. 136, 136A; ff. 137, 137A; ff. 139, 139A; ff. 140, 140A; ff. 141, 141A; ff. 146, 146A; ff. 151, 151A; ff, 152, 152A.
The memorandum, prepared by John W Field of the Foreign Office and dated 29 March 1922, is an historical overview of relations between the British Government and the Shaikh of Kuwait during the period 1897 to 1921. The first paragraph of the memorandum suggests that it was compiled in response to a ‘question that has arisen as to the position of foreigners in Koweit [Kuwait]’.1 file (2 folios)The memorandum’s paragraphs are numbered 2-12, the first paragraph being unnumbered. Explanatory footnotes are included at the bottom of each printed page.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.
This file concerns the sale of an International Emergency Food Council (IEFC) quota of wheat by Kuwait to Saudi Arabian merchants. The file consists of one telegram, forwarded by the Political Resident at Bahrain to the Political Agencies at Bahrain and Kuwait, from Alan Charles Trott, His Majesty's Ambassador in Jedda, to the Foreign Office, London, and repeated to the Political Resident at Bahrain. The telegram mentions the price of bread at Jedda compared with Bahrain and Jordan, as well as a meeting with Yusuf Yasin [Yūsuf Yāsīn], adviser to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raṃān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].1 file (3 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file. File notes appear at the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover on folio 1 and terminates at the back cover on folio 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This secret memorandum, printed by the Foreign Office, contains a record of a meeting held at the Foreign Office on 5 October 1933 to discuss relations between Great Britain and the Sheikh of Koweit [Kuwait], Aḥmad bin Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, particularly in regards to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Āl Sa‘ūd]. The following were present at the meeting: Mr George William Rendel (Chair), Eastern Department of the Foreign Office; Mr K R Johnston, Foreign Office; Sir Andrew Ryan, His Majesty's Minister at Jeddah; Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Mr John Gilbert Laithwaite, India Office.The memorandum also includes three appendices:'Appendix A. Note by Sir Andrew Ryan. Ibn Saud's attitude towards Kowait', dated 16 August 1933 (folios 3v-4r);'Appendix B. Provisional Note. Obligations of His Majesty's Government towards the Sheikh of Koweit', 11 October 1933, by Sir John Gilbert Laithwaite (folios 4-6), which includes sections entitled 'A. Nature of the undertakings given', 'B. Constitution of the undertakings given to the Sheikh', and 'Conclusion', with references to various correspondence in the right hand margin;'Appendix C. Supplementary Note. Question of Liability for the Protection of Koweit against Aggression from Outside. 1928-1929', by Sir John Gilbert Laithwaite, dated 6 February, 1934 (folio 6).There are also a number of enclosures which include correspondence between folios 6 and 10.1 file (10 folios)Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This printed memorandum, marked 'Secret', is a note by John Evelyn Suckburgh, Political Department of the India Office, dated 22 September 1918, concerning British relations with ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Saud). In light of a large number of telegrams on this subject, Shuckburgh wishes to clarify the matter with a statement. The note deals with Ibn Saud's relations with King Husain [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], King of the Hijaz, and Ibn Rashīd, British representation with Ibn Saud, and the question of the supply of arms and munitions to Ibn Sa‘ūd, as well as some general observations. There is also an appendix (folio 91v) that includes details of communications made to Ibn Saud and his reply.2 foliosFoliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 90. and terminates at folio 91, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
This note was written by the Arab Bureau, Iraq Section, in Basra in January 1917. It reviews the rise of Ibn Sa'ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], his fight against Ibn Rashid and the role of Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, Political Agent, Kuwait, in this conflict. Other topics are Ibn Sa'ud's relationship with Shaikh Mubarak of Kuwait and Ibn Sa'ud's battle against the Ottoman Turks in the context of British interests.1 file (5 folios)The note is arranged in twenty seven paragraphs.Foliation. There are three copies of this item, of which only one copy (the foliated copy) has been digitised. The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio, on number 1, and ends on the last folio, on number 5.
Ledger of the
Rooke(Captain George Simmons), to accompany her voyage to Surratt [Surat] and China, 1699-1702. The ship called at Gombroon [Bandar Abbas] in December 1701.The ledger contains the accounts of pay and other financial records of each of the ship's crewmembers.The ledger includes a list of the ship's crew, giving 'quality' [rank or occupation], and account of the two months' imprest paid [advance of wages], dated London, 21 July 1699 (folio 12r); a list of the ship's crew, giving quality, and account of river pay paid [a sum paid to the crews of ships that were ready to sail], dated Gravesend, August 1699 (folio 12v); a list of men entered on board the
Rookesince her arrival in the East Indies (folio 13r); and a list of all the men that are dead, run, and discharged from the
Rooke(folios 13-14).1 volume (65 folios)There is an alphabetical index of names on folios 4-10, which refers to the accounts of individual crewmembers within the volume, in accordance with the original foliation.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 67; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file contains copies of miscellaneous confidential correspondence emanating from the Cairo Residency and the Arab Bureau, Cairo and circulated to Persian Gulf Agencies for information, December 1918 - May 1920, including report of the Residency, Cairo on the grant of subsidies to Arab rulers, May 1920; and three reports of the Political Agent, Bahrain sent to The Eastern Bureau, Baghdad, dated November - December 1918. A note on one of the latter states that the Deputy Political Resident Bushire had requested that no nil ('Nothing of importance') reports be sent to him.The file also bears a short title on the outer cover: 'Cairo Reports'.1 file (26 folios)The papers are arranged in approximately chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 30 on the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio.
This file reproduces telegrams written between the Secretary of State for India, the Viceroy of India, the First Minister at Teheran (Sir Arthur Hardinge), and the Foreign Secretary (Marquess of Lansdowne), in which the authors assess the merits and logistics of a proposed loan to the Persian Government.The chief considerations concern the British and Indian Governments' desire to neutralize the Russian monopoly on loans to Persia, and to prevent Russia from gaining influence in southern Persia. Proposals include using revenues from customs houses in southern Persia as security against the loan, eliciting political agreement not to allow foreign road or railway construction projects in southern Persia, and a plan for the Indian Government to purchase a large stake in the Imperial Bank of Persia in order to facilitate similar loans in the future.1 file (11 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 150, and terminates at f 160, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file consists of a memorandum by Edmund Neel, Assistant Secretary Political and Secret Department, India Office, it describes proposals made to the French Government for restricting the trade in arms on the Red Sea and on the Somali Coast, and subsequent arrangements to effect them between the Political Resident and the French Consul at Aden.The file includes a series of extracts from letters by the Political Resident at Aden, discussing draft regulations prohibiting the export of arms into Obokh and adjoining French territory for recommendation to the French Government, and deals with the confusion as to whether to restrict or suppress the arms trade entirely. It includes a 'Draft Convention' and 'Draft Order in Council' from 1887.1 file (4 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 78, and terminates at f 81, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 78-81; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
Genre/Subject Matter:View of Kut. A large group of people can be seen at right and centre along the shoreline and in the background, with smaller groups of people at left. Low-lying buildings and at least one minaret are visible in the background.Inscriptions:Ink, below image: 'Kut.'Pencil, above image at right: ‘32’; ‘10’1 b&w silver gelatin printDimensions:101 x 132 mmCondition:The print is in good condition with minor surface dirt throughout.Foliation:‘32’
Memorandum, written by Colin George Campbell, 31 December 1900, about Koweit [Kuwait], including a brief historical introduction and detailed information for the years 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, and 1900. Topics discussed include Mubarak al-Sabah [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] having murdered his father (Muḥammad I Al Ṣabāḥ) and claimed his position as Shaikh of Kuwait; the involvement of Kuwaiti subjects in piratical acts; a request by the Shaikh in 1897 for Koweit to be placed under British protection in a similar manner to Bahrein [Bahrain]; Turkish claims to Koweit; the decision in 1899 to obtain an agreement with the Shaikh of Kuwait not to 'cede, lease, mortgage or otherwise alienate or give for occupation any portion of his territories to the Government or subjects of any other Power without previously obtaining the consent of Her Majesty's Government'; Russian interest in Koweit and Turkish movements in relation to it in1899, including attempts to appoint Turkish citizens to posts there; German interest in establishing a railway link to Bagdad [Baghdad] which would include Busrah [Basra] and Koweit; Shaikh Mubarak's relations with Sheikh Abdur Rahman bin Faisal [ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Fayṣal Āl Saʻūd] and Koweiti involvement in the affairs of Nejd [Najd]; and the strengthening of Shaikh Mubarak's position with Turkey and the Porte since the appointment of Mohsin Pasha as Vali at Busreh.The margins of the memorandum contain cross-references to official correspondence with the Government of India and Foreign Office.An appendix to the memorandum, on folio 6, contains:Translation of Arabic bond, signed by Malcolm John Meade, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Mubarak Al-Sabah, Shaikh of Kuwait, 23 January 1899Translation of Arabic letter, 23 January 1899, from Lieutenant-Colonel Malcolm John Meade, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Sheikh Mubarak-bin-Sabah, Sheikh of Kuwait regarding the signing of the agreement as given in the Arabic bond.6 foliosThere are four copies of the memorandum.Foliation: The foliation sequence consists of pencil numbers, enclosed in a circle, located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. The sequence begins on the first folio, with number 1, and ends on the last folio, with number 6.
Plan depicting the anchorage off the coast of Kuwait. The plan depicts hydrology, settlements, and roads. Soundings are given in fathoms.Includes the following printing statement: 'Produced under the Superintendence of Rear-Admiral J.A. Edgell, C.B., O.B.E., Hydrographer.' Prepared by naval staff in the Admiralty's Naval Intelligence Division.1 planMaterials: Printed on paper.Dimensions: 358 x 544mm, on sheet 442 x 601mm.
Plan of Bandar Shweikh, Kuweit [Kuwait].The plan is an accompaniment to letter no. 1947 from Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, dated 8 August 1909 (a copy of the letter appears on folio 123; further small plans relating to this letter appear on folios 126 and 128).Inscribed 'I B Topo', 'Exd C.J.A. May, 1910', and 'Approved (sd.) C.K. MacLean, Lieut. & Comdr.'The map also includes a Section through "Y" and section through "X" (vertical scale: 10 feet = 1 inch).1 mapMaterials: printed on paper.Dimensions: 560 x 760 mm (on sheet 660 x 870 mm).Foliation: the plan has been foliated with the number 125 written in pencil enclosed in a circle in the top right corner of the recto side of the folio.
Two copies of a report, marked as secret, on Koweit [Kuwait]. The report was compiled in the Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General's Department, by Captain H H Dowding, The Essex Regiment. It was printed at the Government Central Printing Office, Simla, 1903.The report contains information on the geography, history, politics, military strength, administration, resources, climate, and communications of Kuwait. It includes appendices on routes and prominent families in the region.The volume also contains a number of photographs and maps:A photograph of the foreshore of Kuwait (folio 3)A photograph of Mobarek-Bin-Subah [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ], Shaikh of Kuwait, and his youngest son Naser (folio 9)A photograph of the residence of the Shaikh of Kuwait (folio 17)A rough diagram of the village of Jehara (folio 31)A map of Kuwait Harbour (folio 32)A map of Kuwait and surrounding country (folio 33).At the rear of the volume is an index, arranged alphabetically and with reference to the original pagination (folios 26-28).Folio references given are for the first of the two copies. The second, identical copy runs from folio 34 to 66.2 volumes (60 folios)The report contains a table of contents (folio 6) and an index (folios 26-28) which is arranged in alphabetical order. Both refer to the original pagination.Foliation: this file consists of two physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of volume one (ff 1-33) and terminates at the inside back cover of volume two (ff 34-66); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Document outlining the administration and history of Koweit [Kuwait] from 1908-1928.Covering:'Administration' – rulers succession history; Koweit's status as an independent Arab state; internal administration conducted by the Shaikh and Council of Advisors; control by the Government of India; and the responsibility for expenditure;'History of Koweit Affairs, 1908-28' – including the rights of the Shaikh over the islands of Bubiyan and Warba; oil concessions; Anglo-Turkish negotiations of 1911-14; co-operation during the First World War; relations with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], ruler succession; and difficulties with the maintenance of a blockade;'History of Koweit Affairs, 1919-28' – including the status of Koweit; Koweit Order in Council providing for British jurisdictions within the Principality; termination of the lease of Bunder Shweikh [Bandar Shawaykh], oil concessions, relations with Ibn Saud regarding the Koweit-Nejd-Iraq boundary question, the Koweit-Nejd Customs dispute, and Akhwan [Ikhwan] raids; relations with Iraq regarding the exemption from taxation of the date gardens in Iraq belonging to the Shaikh of Koweit, the position of Koweit vis-à-vis Iraq, and relations with Persia.It also includes a summary and a list of points referred to the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee. Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.1 file (7 folios)This file consists of a single document.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 10, and terminates at f 16, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The file opens with a memorandum by Edwin Samuel Montagu (Secretary of State for India) dated 4 November 1920 regarding the current situation of Assyrian and Armenian refugees in Mesopotamia, paying particular attention to the difficulties that they have faced in seeking repatriation. This memorandum seeks to provide an update to a previous memorandum of the same title which was issued by Montagu on 5 July 1920 (IOR/L/PS/18/B345). The memorandum is followed by an appendix in the form of a letter from the India Office to the Foreign Office on 2 November 1920 and its enclosure, 'note on the Christian communities in and around Mesopotamia'. The letter details the French and British spheres of influence in Mesopotamia and explains how the refugee crisis should be handled. The note details the different types of Christian groups in the area, and explains the initial reasons for the emigration of these communities from Urmia. The final folio is a copy of Montagu's initial memorandum dated 5 July 1920.1 file (3 folios)This file consists of a single document.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 151, and terminates at f 153, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
This file consists of a memorandum written by Edwin Samuel Montagu, the Secretary of State for India, describing the situation of Assyrian and Armenian refugees in Mesopotamia.1 file (1 folio)This file consists of a single memorandum.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 117, and terminates at f 117, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
This printed report, compiled by John Evelyn Shuckburgh of the Political Department, India Office, for the Eastern Committee, concerns the civil administration of Mesopotamia between 15 November 1917 and 15 January 1918. It consists of summaries of the first five periodical administrative reports (periods ending 15 November 1917, 1 December 1917, 15 December 1917, 31 December 1917, and 15 January 1918) submitted by Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, Civil Commissioner, Mesopotamia. It consists of a 'Note by the Political Department, India Office'. The five summary administrative reports contain details regarding tribal affairs, irrigation and agriculture, land revenues, supplies, education, and waqfs (religious foundations), affairs on the Euphrates, customs, sanitation, cotton, affairs of the Persian frontier, and affairs of Nejef (al-Najaf). The administrative report summaries are supplemented by brief references to other reports that have reached the India Office, including details of the attitude of notables in Basra district, the labour questions, and administration of justice in the Baghdad vilayet, and restriction of alienation of land. There is also a section concerning personnel serving under Cox on 1 February 1918.1 volume (4 folios)This volume is arranged by numbered sections, each containing sections numbered with roman numerals.Foliation: The main foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This note was written by Major-General Percy Zachariah Cox in April 1918 in his capacity as Civil Commissioner, Baghdad. It consists of two main parts. The first part deals with the premises for British policy, namely, the proclamation issued on British arrival in Baghdad, that they had come to emancipate the country from the 'oppressive rule' of Turkey; the announcement of policy in the telegram, 29 March 1917, from the Secretary of State for India to the Viceroy which advocated annexation of the Basrah [Basra] Vilayet and the creation of a 'veiled protectorate' in Baghdad Vilayet.It discusses the 'difficulties' this would create with President Woodrow Wilson's principles of self-determination (paragraph 4) and the issues surrounding the creation of an 'Arab facade'.Part II deals with observations on more detailed issues and considers: the nature of Arab authority, dynastic or representative and Arab attitudes to King Hussein, Sherif of the Holy Places in the Hejaz [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī, Shereef of Mecca]; personnel available for establishing a local administration; relevance of Indian models of administration and British supervision; requirements for Indian troops after the end of hostilities; ways of popularising British administration through irrigation, education and civilian health; elements the British should foster; measures to consolidate commercial influence in Mesopotamia.1 file (3 folios)Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio, on number 1, and ends on the last folio, on number 3. There are three copies of this item, of which only one (the foliated one) has been digitised.
Correspondence relating to the departure (either permanently or on temporary leave) of current, and the arrival of new incumbents, to the post of Political Resident and Consulate General in the Persian Gulf. The file includes:circulars issued by the Political Resident to Political Agents and Officers in the Persian Gulf and in Persia [Iran], informing them of changes to the post of Political Resident;correspondence sent from the Political Agent at Kuwait to the Ruler of Kuwait [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ], informing of changes to the post of Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, with the Ruler of Kuwait’s replies. Copies of letters sent to the Ruler of Kuwait are in Arabic. All replies from the Ruler are in Arabic, with most being accompanied by an English translation;covering letters sent between the Ruler of Kuwait and the Political Agent at Kuwait, and the Political Agent and Political Resident, with forwarded correspondence of diplomatic etiquette exchanged between the Ruler of Kuwait and the Political Resident;a copy of a press communiqué issued on the event of the death of the Political Resident John Gordon Lorimer, in 1914 (ff 7-8).Later correspondence in the file reports on changes to the posts of Secretary to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Political Agent at Bahrain, and Political Agent and British Consul at Muscat.1 file (189 folios)The file’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end. The file notes at the end of the file (ff 189-191) mirror the chronological arrangement, but only relate to correspondence covering the period November 1941 to the file’s end date.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 191; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional mixed foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-188; these numbers are also written in pencil, and, where circled, are crossed through.
The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, notes, estimates and receipts relating to the accommodation for the Medical Officer of the Political Agency at Kuwait.The discussion in the volume relates to the leasing, maintenance and state of repair of housing for the Medical Officer, Kuwait Political Agency.Further discussion surrounds leases and rental costs with the local landlords and the administration and allocation of the cost of the lease with the Government of India.Included in the volume are copies of rental agreements and receipts for rent paid. The principal correspondents in the volume include the Political Agent at Kuwait; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and the Under-Secretary to the Government of India.1 volume (255 folios)The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 255; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-238; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume comprises correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Charles Geoffrey Prior), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Hugh Weightman, Reginald George Evelin Alban), the India Office (Roland Tennyson Peel, John Percival Gibson), the Admiralty (Clifford George Jarrett), the Shaikh of Bahrain (Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah), and the Bahrain Petroleum Company (Hamilton R Ballantyne) and discusses the conclusion of negotiations in London for a political agreement to accompany the concession secured by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) from the Shaikh of Bahrain for the unalloted area of Bahrain.The correspondence focuses primarily on the question of whether a pre-emption clause is required in the political agreement or whether a force majeure clause would be an acceptable alternative given His Majesty’s Government’s likely need for oil in wartime and other emergencies. The negotiations were concluded in June 1941 with the concession agreement being signed in Bahrain 19 June 1941 and the Political Agreement signed in London 29 June 1941.Other correspondence discusses a request made by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) to accelerate their exploration work in the Unallotted area of Bahrain and the need for a final settlement of the terms of both the concession agreement and political agreement in order to support the company’s acceleration proposal.Also discussed is the drilling work undertaken by BAPCO in order to obtain structural information on their newly acquired concession area. The drilling work undertaken had also succeeded in finding drinking water on Fasht al Jibal [Fasht ad Dībal] and their intention to drill on Hawar Island included the intention to create water wells should drinking water be found there too. The correspondence concludes with the decision taken by BAPCO in 1941 to suspend their exploration work in new areas owing to a lack of available labour and to concentrate instead on their existing production and refining activities.Another topic under discussion in the volume is the question of the ownership of the Hawar Group of Islands with His Majesty’s Government reaching a decision in August 1939 that the Hawar Group of Islands belonged to Bahrain and not Qatar. Correspondence includes the Shaikh of Qatar (Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī)’s dissatisfaction at the outcome.Later correspondence from 1941 includes the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf expressing their concerns over the decision that was reached and suggesting that the evidence be reconsidered and an expert in that area such as Sir Clive Kirkpatrick Daly be consulted for his opinion on the question.As part of the discussions a request is made to the Air Vice-Marshall, Commanding British Forces in Iraq for a photographic mosaic to be taken of the Hawar Group of Islands. The mosaic was required in order to determine a line of division between the territorial rights of Bahrain and Qatar.Also discussed was the question of ownership of the island of Fasht Dibal [Fasht ad Dībal], which was at that time claimed by Bahrain; regarding the Political Resident’s scepticism regarding the validity of Bahrain’s claim and the question of whether the Shaikh of Qatar should be given the opportunity to put forward any claim he had towards the island.One other matter of note within the volume relates to reports and rumours of attempts by Turkish officials at Hasa to secure their authority over the district they controlled. These attempts were alleged to include Turkish officials visiting Zakhnuniya Island [Jazirat az Zakhnūnīyah] to try and convince the Dowasir tribe there to swear allegiance to Turkey; it is claimed their intention was to take control of Dohah [Doha], and perhaps the whole Katar [Qatar] peninsula from the Shaikh of Qatar. The alleged movements of Turkish officials on Zakhnuniya Island resulted in an official protest being made by the Shaikh of Bahrain who considered the island to be part of his territory.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 214-227.1 volume (229 folios)The volume contains a table of contents on folio 4 comprising of subject headings and page references. The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside of the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 188-227; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume contains printed monthly memoranda of information received by the Government of India 'regarding external affairs other than those relating to the North-West Frontier, Afghanistan, and Persia' for the months of January to March 1905 inclusive (folios 4-17); memoranda of information received 'regarding external affairs relating to Arabia' for the months of April to December 1905 inclusive (folios 18-54); and memoranda of information received 'regarding external affairs relating to the North-East Frontier, Burma, Siam, and China', for the months of April to December 1905 inclusive (folios 55-108). A note accompanying each memorandum states that they are 'based upon reports, the accuracy of which it is not always possible to guarantee'.The combined 'other external affairs' reports (folios 4-17) relate to Arabia (Aden), Turkish Arabia, the Persian Gulf, China, Tibet, and Bhutan; the Arabia memoranda (folios 18-54) relate to Aden, Turkish Arabia, and the Persian Gulf; and the North-East Frontier etc. memoranda (folios 55-108) relate to Tibet, Bhutan, China, Siam [Thailand], Nepal, Burma, and Assam.Memoranda covering the Persian Gulf include intelligence reports concerning Maskat [Muscat], Koweit [Kuwait], Nejd [Najd], Bahrein [Bahrain], Katif [Al-Qatif], El Katr/Katar [Qatar], the Arab Coast, Musandim [Musandam], and the Pirate Coast.The memoranda relating to Arabia include references to the following subjects: political intelligence, tribal affairs, relations with the Ottoman Government, frontier settlement, pearl fisheries, quarantine, and slavery.The memoranda regarding affairs on and beyond the North-East Frontier of India cover a similar broad range of political and economic intelligence.1 volume (110 folios)The memoranda are arranged in chronological order within in each grouping from the front to the back of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 112; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The volume consists of chronological entries containing transcripts of correspondence sent and received and notes on the arrival and departure of vessels at Bushire. The Resident during the period covered was Jonathan Henry Lovett; frequent mention is also made early in the volume of Lovett's predecessor as Resident, Mirza Mehedy Aly Khan [Mīrzā Mahdī ‘Alī Khān].The correspondence sent is entered under the date the letter was written; that received is entered under the date of receipt at Bushire. Summaries of the contents of transcribed correspondence appear in the left hand column of each page. There are occasional lists of correspondence and papers: some of these items are transcribed in full; in other cases a note records that the papers are kept elsewhere: e.g. note stating that 'These papers will be found among the records of the Factory' (page 19). The correspondence is mostly between the Resident and other East India Company officials, particularly the Government of Bombay; the Resident at Bussora [Basra] (Samuel Manesty); the Resident at Bagdad [Baghdad] (Harford Jones); the Resident at Muscat (David Seton); and commanders of ships of the Bombay Marine (the East India Company navy) .The records of shipping consist of a note of the day of arrival and departure of ships of the Bombay Marine and country ships (privately-owned merchant ships, which operated under licence from the East India Company), and information on their port of origin and destination. The terms 'imported' and 'exported' are used, respectively, for the arrival and departure of vessels.General topics covered in the correspondence include:reports from the Resident to the Government of Bombay;permission from the Government of Bombay for items of expenditure;correspondence between the Residents on political developments;accounting and financial matters;movement of ships;transport of goods and freight;mercantile transactions;transmission of packets of correspondence;appointments;administrative matters;relations with Persia;the activities of the French in the region.Specific topics (dated by date of diary entry) covered include:the appointments of Lovett as Resident and Andrew Jukes as Surgeon (recorded under entries for 10 January 1803, pages 1-42);Residency audited accounts, 1801/2, issued by the Office of Audit, Bombay Castle, with accompanying correspondence, 10 January 1803 (pages 20-40) and further correspondence, 10 May 1803 (pages 95-119);correspondence relating to the loss of the Honourable Company's Schooner (also referred to as Cruiser)
Alerton the Island of Busheab (also referred to as Boosheibe) [Bushoeyb] off the coast of Persia, March-April 1803 (pages 58-79) and 31 May 1803 (pages 125-130);correspondence relating to the loss of the country ship
Hectoron the Island of Busheab; attempts to recover her cargo together with property taken from the
Alert; and operations against Sheikh Rama Ben Sunneed, Sheikh of Nuckheloo (also referred to as Naquiloo) [Nakhilu], including dispatches from Lieutenant William Bruce on deputation at Nukhiloo and Khangoon [Kangan], 11 May - 29 November 1803, passim;correspondence relating to an attack on the house of John White, Captain of the
Recovery, at Bussora [Basra] by a mob who mistakenly believed that a Muslim woman was inside, 2 June 1803 (pages 134-153);Report of a Committee of Survey into those parts of the Factory that were urgently in need of repair, 30 September 1803 (pages 303-305);Residency regulations, 1 October 1803 (pages 305-307);Report of the Committee appointed to inspect the records of the Factory, 14 October 1803 (pages 316-318);List of butler's stores prepared by a Committee of Inspection, 18 October 1803 (pages 318-322);correspondence relating to reports of the capture of the
Shrewsburyby a French frigate, 29 October 1803 (pages 330-331).The French language content of this file consists of a bulletin of reports received at Baghdad from Persia and Afghanistan, which was forwarded to the Resident at Bushire by Harford Jones (17 September 1803, pages 296-297).The date of the earliest item of correspondence that forms part of one of the lists of correspondence and papers and is transcribed in full is 5 October 1802 (pages 7-8).1 volume (183 folios)The volume is in the form of a diary running in chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume. The correspondence sent is entered under the date the letter was written; that received is entered under the date of receipt at Bushire. Notes of the arrival and departure of vessels are similarly recorded in diary form under the relevant date.Pagination: the volume contains an original pagination sequence in ink (with additions and clarifications in pencil); this sequence begins at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 366 on the back cover. These numbers can be found in the top left and top right hand corners of each page. Pagination anomalies: pp. 1, 1A, 1B, 1C.Condition: the volume displays considerable signs of insect damage, and damage to the edges of the paper, but this does not affect the legibility of the text.
The volume consists of chronological entries containing transcripts of correspondence sent and received, and notes on the arrival and departure of vessels at Bushire. The Resident during the period covered was William Bruce (acting).The correspondence sent is entered under the date the letter was written; that received is entered under the date of receipt at Bushire. The correspondence is mostly between the Resident and other East India Company officials, particularly the Government of Bombay; the Government of Bengal, Fort William, Calcutta; the Resident at Bussora [Basra] (Samuel Manesty, and deputising for him Lieutenant Edward Hutchins Bellasis and John Law); the Resident at Bagdad [Baghdad] (Harford Jones); the Resident at Muscat (David Seton); and commanders of ships of the Bombay Marine (the East India Company navy) .The records of shipping consist of a note of the day of arrival and departure of ships of the Bombay Marine and country ships (privately-owned merchant ships, which operated under licence from the East India Company), and information on their port of origin and destination. The term 'imported' is used to indicate the arrival of a vessel.General topics covered in the volume include:appointments;piracy;movements of ships;financial and accounting matters;sales of merchandise;relations with Persia;political developments in the region;administrative matters;the transmission of packets of correspondence;the activities of French privateers in the Gulf.Specific topics (dated by date of diary entry) covered in the volume include:the capture of the
Creoleand the fate of the body of the late Resident at Bushire, Mirza Mehedy Alli Khawn [Mīrzā Mahdī ‘Alī Khān], 31 October 1805 (ff. 2v-3r);correspondence between the Government of Bombay and Bruce concerning discrepancies in the audit of the Bushire Residency accounts for the period 1801/02, 13 November 1804 (ff. 3r-4r);the capture by Joasem [Qāsimī] pirates of the British brigs
Shannon and Trimmer(e.g. entries for 6 December 1804 - 12 January 1805, ff. 26r-32v).The volume contains transcribed correspondence from dates earlier than the first diary entry. The earliest such letter is dated 30 November 1803.1 volume (91 folios)The volume is in the form of a diary running in chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume. The correspondence sent is entered under the date the letter was written; that received is entered under the date of receipt at Bushire. Notes of the arrival and departure of vessels are similarly recorded in diary form under the relevant date.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the first folio after the front cover and terminates at 90 on the last folio before the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomaly: ff. 1, 1A.Pagination: a pagination sequence numbered 1-176 runs between ff. 2-89. These numbers are written in ink and appear in the top right (recto) or top left (verso) corner of each page. Damage to the edges of the pages has resulted in the loss of some of these numbers. In consequence, the pagination sequence has been duplicated in pencil on each page; these numbers appear in the top centre of each page and are not circled.Condition: the volume has suffered damage to the edges of many of the folios. This has resulted in the loss of some of the pagination numbers (as above) and (particularly between ff. 2-22) the ends of some lines of text; however, the missing text can generally be reconstructed. There are also two holes in the top centre and top right of folios 1-11. These have also occasioned some loss of text, but the sense of the original is generally unaffected.
The volume consists of chronological diary entries containing transcripts of correspondence sent and received, and notes on the arrival and departure of vessels at Bushire. The Resident during the period covered was William Bruce (acting).The correspondence sent is entered under the date the letter was written; that received is entered under the date of receipt at Bushire. The correspondence is mostly between the Resident and other East India Company officials, particularly officials of the Government of Bombay; the Resident at Bagdad [Baghdad] (Harford Jones); the Resident at Muscat (David Seton); officials in charge of the Residency at Bussora [Basra] (John Law and Lieutenant William Eatwell); and commanders of ships of the Bombay Marine (the East India Company's navy).The records of shipping consist of a note of the day of arrival and departure of ships of the Bombay Marine and country ships (privately-owned merchant ships, which operated under licence from the East India Company), and information on their port of origin and destination. The term 'imported' is used to indicate the arrival of a vessel.General topics covered in the volume include:political developments in the Gulf;movements of ships;piracy;sale of East India Company merchandise;appointments;personnel matters;accounting and financial matters;administrative matters;relations with the Court of Persia;relations with local rulers and Persian officials;the activities of the French in the region;reports of political and military developments in Europe.Specific topics include:correspondence concerning the activities and whereabouts of a French officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Alexandre Romieu, former minister at Corfu, who had made his way from Constantinople into Persia on a mission the objectives of which were unclear, entries for 27 September - 22 November 1805 (folios 14-32v);correspondence relating to the recovery of cargo from the merchant ship
Hector, 29 October - 22 November 1805 (folios 23v-32v);letter from Lieutenant W Eatwell, Bombay Marine, commanding the
Fury, at Bussora, dated 20 October 1805, reporting the death of John Law, Resident of the Factory at Bussora and stating that he had taken temporary charge of the Residency there (entry for 31 October 1805, folio 28v)correspondence from the Political Department of the Government of Bombay concerning the Persian Embassy, particularly relating to an affray that had taken place on a road near Bombay in November 1805 between an East India Company officer cadet and two servants of the Persian Ambassador, 26 January 1806 (folios 60-89v).1 volume (97 folios)The volume is in the form of a diary running in chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume. The correspondence sent is entered under the date the letter was written; that received is entered under the date of receipt at Bushire. Notes of the arrival and departure of vessels are similarly recorded in diary form under the relevant date.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1A on the front cover and terminates at 92 on the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F; ff. 21, 21A; ff. 35, 35A.Pagination: an original pagination sequence written in ink numbered 1-178 is present between ff. 1F-89. These numbers appear in the top right or top left corners of each page.Condition: there is a hole measuring approximately 60x50mm in the top centre of folio 1F, probably caused by the oxidisation of iron gall ink. This hole reappears, diminishing in size, in the following nine folios (to f. 10). The holes have caused loss of text between ff. 1F-9. There is also minor damage to the edges of some folios, but this has not caused any serious loss of text. The entire volume was conserved, probably in the 1980s, in the form of an appliqué-coated guard book.
The volume contains an index (f 4), telegrams, letters, and reports related to the restoration of the port of Gwadur [Gwadar], which is in the possession of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, to the Khan of Kalat in return of a money payment. The British Government raised concerns related to the activities of foreign governments, particularly Russia and France, at Gwadur. Reports were sent between British Officials with a detailed history of the ownership of Gwadur. The volume also includes a list of the Jams of the Las Bela [Lasbela] State and the contemporary Khans from 1742-1896.The main correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agency, Muscat; the Political Residency, the Persian Gulf; Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department; Agent to the Governor-General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan; the Foreign Office; and the Political Agency, Kalat.1 volume (88 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 90; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 5-87, these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and ff 4-87, these numbers are also written in pencil and circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The document, written by Adolphus Warburton Moore, discusses the following: the actual course of events at Assab and in the neighbourhood since May 1880; correspondence which has passed in the same period between the British, Italian and Egyptian Governments, and between the Political and Secret Department and the Foreign Office; and the proposed disembarkation of Egyptian troops at Raheita.The situation in Assab was related to the Italian colonisation of the area during the period known as the 'Scramble for Africa'.16 folios
This printed memorandum, compiled on 1 November 1887 by E Neel at the Secret and Political Department of the India Office, contains excerpts of correspondence sent and received by the Government of India between 14 February 1873 and 19 August 1887.The main subject is the extension of the British Protectorate scheme to tribes on the Hadramaut [Hadramawt] Coast, between Muscat and Aden.On folio 139 there is a reference to 'Map of Arabian Coast from Shaikh Said to Oman (Muscat)' which says: 'See IOR: Maps W/LPS/18/B.47 (i)'.1 file (4 folios)Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 136, and terminates at f 139, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 5-149; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same poistion as the main sequence.
This file is a chronicle of political events in Oman submitted by the Political Resident in Muscat to the Political Resident in Bushire at fortnightly intervals. The contents of the fortnightly reports vary widely, but are recorded for their significance or relevance to the political situation in Oman or the wider Gulf. The report often contain the names of significant individuals involved in events, disputes, or business dealings. The reports take the form of lists of daily events when and where the Agent in Muscat thought them relevant to record. This format is especially visible toward the end of the file.1 file (350 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 352; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains successive revisions of a document entitled, 'Table of Salutes granted to Native Chiefs and Nobles of India and to certain Chiefs near Aden and in the Persian Gulf'. The editions are dated between 1860 and 1913.Each edition is accompanied by correspondence between government departments regarding revisions to be made to the tables and forwarding the newly revised tables to the Secretary of State for India. Folios 20-21 reproduce correspondence relating to the delivery of insignia of the KCIE to the Shaikh of Mohammerah.1 file (74 folios)This file is ordered in reverse chronological sequence with the exception of the earliest documents, which appear at ff 6-14.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 1 and terminates at f 74, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-74; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
Plan of the bungalow that was proposed for construction in Gwadur [Gwadar]. Produced by the Assistant Engineer, Independent Persian Gulf Sub-Division.1 planMaterials: Paper marked with pencil and penDimensions: 430mm x 660mm
This file, written by John Evelyn Shuckburgh, India Office, concerns what is referred to as a moratorium scheme for Persia.According to the report, the scheme was first suggested by the Persian Government in March 1915, when it proposed that Persia should be relieved, for a fixed period of two years (dated from the beginning of the First World War), of all payments on its British and Russian loans.The report discusses an adopted joint Anglo-Russian subvention, by which the Persian Government should be paid the sum of £30,000 a month (with one quarter of this amount – £7,500 – being taken from Indian revenues), back-dated to January 1915 and continuing until six months after the end of the war.Shuckburgh reports that Charles Murray Marling, British Minister at Tehran, now proposes that Persia be paid 200,000 tomans a month, equivalent to £57,800, which will require a payment of £14,450 a month from Indian revenues.1 file (2 folios)The file consists of a single report.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 115, and terminates at f 116, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This memorandum was written by Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel in January 1917. Its purpose is to explain 'why the exclusion of Italy from Western and Southern Arabia and the Red Sea littoral is important in British interests'. It notes the importance of Arabia lying as it does along two of the main approaches to India from Europe. Hirtzel's memorandum also notes the absence of an effective state in Arabia, and the concomitant influence of tribes and their chiefs.It reviews the strategic importance of Aden and its protectorate along with the significance of the Aden-Yemen frontier in the context of British relations with the Imam of Sanaa and Turkey (paragraphs 4-5). It notes that the Italian ambitions are mainly focused on the Yemen and that the Italo-Turkish war made Italy the most unpopular 'Christian power' in the Muslim world. It analyses the implications of any British consent to an Italian occupation of the Yemen.It concludes that the 'present war has shown the use that may be made against us of Islam' and contends that the success of H M Government in the Middle East 'depends to a large extent on the transfer of the Caliphate from Turkey to Arabia. This in turn depends on the possibility of making the ruler of the Hejaz sufficiently strong to be able to pose as an independent sovereign. This again depends upon keeping the Christian powers at a sufficient distance.' The memorandum finishes by noting that it was for these reasons Britain took the precaution of inserting in the Anglo-French convention [Sykes-Picot agreement] that the British and French Governments agree that they will not themselves acquire and will not consent to a third Power acquiring territorial possessions in the Arabian peninsula with a sphere of influence being seen as equivalent to territorial possession.1 file (2 folios)The memorandum consists of eleven paragraphs.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: The booklet also has an original printed pagination sequence.
The file consists of a letter concerning British interests in the Persian Gulf by William Lee-Warner of the Foreign Office. It questions if interests are clearly defined and reviews former declarations of policy made by the India Office.It includes the following:the attitude of the India Office;the position of competitors;a summary of leading diplomatic understandings and agreements;suggestions of possible courses of action.1 file (3 folios)This file consists of a single letter.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 82, and terminates at f 84, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This file consists of a report which is dated 20 June 1916 and is attributed to Richard Alexander Steel, Military Attaché of the Indian Army. The report concerns British interests in Persia and the recent formation of the South Persia Military Police (abbreviated to SPMP in this file and later known as the South Persia Rifles).The report begins with a brief summary of the events leading up to the present situation, before summarising both the Russian and the British position in Persia. The report describes the circumstances in which the SPMP was formed, and then goes on to provide suggestions for how the force should be organised and distributed. Steel advises that the force embrace the whole of the so-called neutral sphere, and also suggests that it would be 'sheer folly to economize in the number of British officers employed.'The report is followed by two appendices. The first appendix, dated 19 June 1916 and also written by Steel, provides available information regarding the SPMP, including its objectives, details of its personnel, and its financial details (Steel anticipates that half of its expenses will be borne by the Government of India and the other half by the Imperial Government).The second appendix, dated 12 April 1914 and also attributed to Steel, is an abstract of the budget of the Government Gendarmerie, Persia, for 1914-1915. This appendix has two appendices of its own: the first is a summary of Gendarmerie forces as proposed in the preceding budget; the second appendix provides details of the pay of Persian ranks and of the initial cost and upkeep of horses, uniform, equipment and saddlery.A third appendix to the initial report is listed in the contents; however, this appendix has been transferred to another file.1 file (29 folios)The file contains a table of contents at the front of the volume. The main report is followed by two appendices (one of which contains two appendices of its own) which pre-date the report.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 79, and terminates at f 107, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Richmond Thackeray Willoughby Ritchie,
British Interests on the Coast of Arabia, Koweit, Bahrein, and El Katr(Government of India, 1905).This document consists of an analysis of British interests on the coast of Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar. It was written by Richmond Thackeray Willoughby Ritchie and published in 1905. It is composed of four sections dealing with the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar.Arabian coast. This cites a letter, 5th January 1903, from the Government of India to the Naval Commander-in-Chief, noting it gives a concise overview of 'the political geography of the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf': the claims to rule by the Ottomans, Trucial Chiefs and the Sultan of Muscat. It then reviews key treaties with the Sheikhs of Kuwait (23rd January, 1899) , Bahrain, Trucial Chiefs, the 1891 treaty with Muscat, and the agreements with Shaikhs down the coast to Aden.Kuwait. This section discusses two issues with the Turks at Kuwait. Firstly, the status of the British Political Agent, Major Stuart George Knox and his instructions concerning the conflicts and dynamics between Ibn Saud, Ibn Rashid and the Turks. The second issue concerns rights over Bubian Island.Bahrain. This section discusses British non-recognition of Turkish authority in Bahrain and measures to assert British authority there, referring to reports by Sir Nicholas Roderick O'Conor.Qatar. This section discusses Turkish influence in Qatar and the reasons why the conclusions of a treaty with the the ruling Al Thani shaikh by the Government of India would be desirable.2 foliosThe document consists four sections: Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar.The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio, on number 1, and ends on the last folio, on number 2.
Memorandum outlining oil concessions in Persia and Iraq held by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Standard Oil, and the Turkish Petroleum Company. It covers the Arabian littoral of the Gulf, and highlights the restrictions placed on Arab rulers by treaty engagements from granting oil concessions without approval of His Majesty's Government. In addition, it notes that Eastern and General Syndicate have a concession for Bahrein [Bahrain] Islands; and assesses the importance of Persian oil to Britain.1 file (1 folio)This file consists of a single memorandum.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences and terminates at f 76, as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, and is located in the top right corner of the recto side of the folio.
A historical memorandum relating to Egyptian claims to sovereignty over the Somali coast, written by A W Moore, Assistant Secretary to the India Office, in two parts, submitted 26 February 1876 and 11 October 1879.The first part of the memorandum provides a historical narrative of events leading from the discovery in June 1870 of an Egyptian warship at Berbera on the Somali coast, with consequent suspicions that the Egyptian Government wished to occupy that place, up to the production of a draft Somali Coast Convention in 1876. The memorandum reproduces correspondence between the Resident at Aden, the Secretary of State for India, and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, in which the authors consider the impact of Egyptian and Turkish influence at Berbera on British trade interests at Aden; on the independence of local Somali tribes; and on British efforts to suppress the slave trade. The memorandum also includes the terms by which HM Government agree to recognise Egyptian sovereignty.Appendices to the first part of the memorandum reproduce several 'Treaty Relations with Tribes on the African Coast' and 'Geographical Notes'.The second part of the memorandum opens with an account of events which preceded the signing in 1877 of the Somali Coast Convention by the British Government and by the Egyptian Khedive, describing the Khedive's attempts to extend the limit of proposed Egyptian sovereignty as far south as the Juba River, and subsequent British threats to enter into agreements with Somali chiefs independently of the Khedive.The memorandum goes on to describe renewed discussions in connection with the procedure in Constantinople necessary to give validity to the Convention after it was signed by the Khedive, and reproduces a note issued by the Ottoman Porte, which asserts Turkish sovereignty over the territory covered by the Convention, but falls short of providing assurances against ceding any of that territory to other foreign powers.The memorandum closes with the reproduction of correspondence discussing the text of a proposed firman, to be issued by the Ottoman Porte, which would give validity to the Convention signed by the Khedive.Appendices to the second part of the memorandum reproduce the text of the 'Somali Coast Convention' and an 'Agreement in regard to the Island of Socotra'.31 foliosThis file is in two parts - the first part consists of a historical narrative (ff 1-9), followed by two appendices (ff 10-12); the second part consists of a historical narrative (ff 13-29), followed by two appendices at the end (ff 30-31).Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 31; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
The volume is
Treaties and Agreements between the British Government and Certain Arab Rulers and Agreements between the Said Rulers inter se Affecting the British Government(Calcutta: Government of India Press, 1926). The volume contains transcripts of treaties and agreements dated 1915 to 1925 relating to Najd, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, Trans-Jordan, and Kaf.The texts of some of the treaties and agreements appear in both English and Arabic in vertical parallel columns.1 volume (23 folios)There is a list of the treaties and agreements recorded towards the front of the volume, on folio 3.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 25 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. An original printed pagination sequence is also present in the volume. The following folio folds out: f. 15.
The file contains an English and Arabic copy of the Treaty of Mohammerah [Khorramshahr], an agreement between the Government of Iraq and the Sultan of Najd, 'Abdul Aziz ibn Sa'ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥman bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], signed at Mohammerah by delegates on 5 May 1922, and the Uqair Protocol, agreed by the same parties and signed by delegates on 2 December 1922. The documents were printed at The Government Press, Baghdad.The agreements concern the demarcation of boundaries, allegiance and territories of tribes, guarantees of safety for pilgrims, commerce and tariffs, and freedom of travel.1 file (6 folios)Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 122; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
This printed memorandum is a copy of an article reprinted for private circulation from the
The Quarterly Reviewof October 1917 concerning the Baghdad Railway negotiations. The purpose of the article is to trace the development of railway interests in Turkey and seek to focus the situation in which the later negotiations concerning the Baghdad Railway took place, and ultimately resulted in a draft agreement. The article is divided into the following chronological periods which are dealt with in corresponding sections of the article: 'The First Period' (ending 1888), 'The Second Period' (ending 1903) and 'The Final Period' (ending June 1914). These sections are followed by a 'Conclusion'. Each section is referenced with footnotes.There is one map accompanying the article on folio 71 entitled 'Map of Railways in Asiatic Turkey representing their condition in July 1914' with the following railway systems represented: 'Turkish Railways (European and Hejaz)', 'Anatolian Railway', 'Baghdad Railway System, Working', 'Baghdad Railways System, Projected', 'Baghdad Railway System, Branches', 'Other German Projected Lines', 'Smyrna-'Aidin Railway (British)', 'Smyrna-'Aidin Railway Projected', 'French Railways', 'French Railways Projected', 'Egyptian State Railway', 'Russian Railways', and 'Navigation Concessions under British Management'.16 folios, including 1 mapFoliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 56. and terminates at folio 71, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folio 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
This file concerns Saudi Arabian boundary negotiations between 1949 and 1950 and specifically concerns boundaries with Qatar (folios 2-3 and 6-12), Buraimi [al-Buraymī] (folios 4-5 and 16-19) and the Trucial Coast (folios 14-15). The file contains correspondence between Herbert George Jakins, Cornelius James Pelly and R Andrew, Political Agents at Bahrain; Arthur John Wilton, Political Agent at Doha; and Patrick Desmond Stobart, Political Officer at Sharjah.1 file (18 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: The main foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional incomplete sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-19; these numbers are written in a combination of pen and pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains a letter, dated 31 August 1950, from F L C Chauncey, His Majesty's Consul at Muscat, to the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf at Bahrain, enclosing a report entitled 'Notes on the Tribes of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman' (ff 4-28). The report is in response to a letter from the Political Residency, No. 378/27/50G, dated 19 August 1950, regarding specific tribes and their relations with Saudi Arabia. These include: Al bu Shamis [Āl Bū Shāmis], Awamir [al-‘Awāmir], Janabah, Al Daru [al-Darū‘] and Bani Qitab [Banī Qitab]. The report contains details about these and other tribes. In addition, the final eight folios are comprised of a table of details of the tribes, such as district, principal settlements and villages, names of shaikhs, estimated population, estimated number of rifles and other remarks.1 file (27 folios)Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional incomplete foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-28; these numbers are also written in pencil and ink, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.