par E. Andriveau ; gravé le trait et les montagnes par Gérin, les écritures par P. Rousset, les eaux par Mme Fontaine.Covers portions of Israel, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.Relief shown by hachures. Depth shown by sounding and isolines.Insets: [Sinai] (Scale [ca. 1:2,600,000]) -- Golfe de Suez -- [Cross section of the Palestine from the source of the Jordan to the Red Sea] -- [Panoramic view of the mountains of Palestine] -- Jérusalem d'après le plan de G. Williams (Scale [ca. 1:80,000])."No. 18"."Atlas usuel No. 23"."Atlas universel No.36".Includes notes and index.In French with place names in Latin, Arabic and Hebrew in Latin script.Electronic reproduction. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard Geospatial Library, 2009. Georeferenced image for use in a GIS.
https://libraries.aub.edu.lb/xtf/data/posters/ark86073b3qp97/thumb.jpgprinted on paper : 54 x 33 cmSami Rifai, sculptures . 22-24 May 1987. Escalier St. Nicolas, Gemeyzé.
https://libraries.aub.edu.lb/xtf/data/posters/ark86073b32s80/thumb.jpgprinted on paper : 63 x 47 cmMusée Sursock Xe Salon d’automne 1982, 20 December 1982 - 20 January 1983. Designed by Saad Kiwan, printed in Lebanon by J.D. Raidy.
The volume contains correspondence relating to British forces sent to Bushire during the Anglo-Persian War of 1856-57. The correspondents include: Major-General Foster Stalker (later James Outram), Commander of British Forces in Persia; Henry Lacon Anderson, Secretary to Government at Bombay; Charles Augustus Murray, British Minister to Persia (in Baghdad during the war); James Rennie, Commander of the vessel
Ferooz; John Darke, Commander of the vessel
Hugh Lindsay; Arnold Burrows Kemball, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia and Consul General at Baghdad; Stratford Canning, British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople; Meerza Hassan Ally Khan [Ḥasan ‘Ali Khān], Governor of Bushire; Brigadier Honner, Commander of the Second Light Infantry Brigade; Lieutenant Thain, Commander Deputed to Karrack [Kharg] Island; Rear Admiral Henry Leeke, Commander of the Naval Squadron of the Persian Expeditionary Force; George Frederick Edmonstone, Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department; G I Fraser, Civil Surgeon at Ahmednagar, in charge of the Persian Prisoners of War; the Secret Committee, in London; the Foreign Office, in London; Lieutenant J Ballard, Intelligence Officer; Hajee Ahmed [Ḥājī Aḥmad], Arabic Secretary to the Political Resident at Bushire; and Bawkir Khan, Chief of Tungistoon [Tangestān].The volume is divided into sections, each containing correspondence pertaining to a particular topic, as follows:I. 1: This section contains no correspondence, but bears the title 'Expeditionary Force placed under the command of General Stalker, C. B.; Commander Felix Jones is nominated Political Agent to the Persian Field Force, and is further to retain the title and discharge the functions of Resident in the Persian Gulf'.I. 2: Relates to the appointments of Felix Jones as Civil Commissioner in the town of Bushire and Major Taylor as Stalker's assistant and interpreter.I. 3: Relates to the siege and capture of Bushire by British Forces, and their unopposed occupation of Kharg Island.I. 4: A diary of events at the Residency from 29 November 1856 to 5 April 1857.I. 5: Relates to the wartime policy regarding Persian and Arab merchants at Bombay who wish to trade with Persian Gulf ports.I. 6: Relates to Leeke's refusal to correspond directly with Jones, and the Government of India's disapproval of his behaviour.I. 7: Relates to where to send prisoners of war and their servants and effects. It contains several English cover letters for correspondence between prisoners and their families.I. 8: Contains extracts from Secret Committee and Foreign Office dispatches that outline on what terms Britain will agree a peace with Persia.I. 9: Contains correspondence and intelligence on the movements of Persian troops in the interior around Bushire and Shiraz, and what allegiance Britain can expect from the tribes of the area. Included are letters from several Persian and Arab leaders, most notably Bawkir Khan, Chief of Tangestān.1 volume (226 folios)The volume is firstly divided into sections relating to a specific topic. Each section is given a topic number with the letter I (ranging from I.1 to I.9), and the sections are arranged using this number. Within each section the correspondence is arranged chronologically.Foliation: the numbers in the sequence are circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio, on number 2, and ends on the last folio of writing, on number 218. There are the following irregularities: f 2 is followed by f 2A; f 12 is followed by f 12A; f 26 is followed by f 26A; f 48 is followed by f 48A; f 89 is followed by f 89A; f 98 is followed by f 98A; f 111 is followed by f 111A; f 126 is followed by f 126A; f 141 is followed by f 141A.
A volume of letters sent outwards. Most of the correspondence is from Nicholas Hankey Smith, Resident at Bushire, mainly to various company officials in India or elsewhere in the Gulf and surrounding regions. Correspondence is also frequently sent to Jaffer Ali Khan [Ja‘afar ‘Alī Khān], the Resident's native agent at Shiraz, along with various other Persian officials. From July 1808, correspondence is sent out by William Bruce, who becomes Acting Resident following the departure of Nicholas Hankey Smith. The volume also contains some letters inwards, mainly as enclosures to letters outward.The subject matter of the correspondence is the administration of the Bushire Residency, company trade and political matters in the Gulf. French diplomatic activity, and plans to advance on British India is also a frequent topic in the correspondence.The following abbreviations have been used:HCC - Honourable Company's CruizerHMS - His Majesty's Ship2 volumes, 314 items (212 folios)This was once a single volume that has since been split into two parts.Part 1: ff.1-96Part 2: ff.97-1942 volumes in one slipcaseFoliation: The foliation sequence runs through two volumes as a continuous sequence. It commences at the title page of volume one and terminates at the last folio of volume two; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The file contains the following foliation corrections: 1 is followed by 1A; 11 is followed by 11A; 117 is followed by 117A; 193 is followed by 193A.Pagination: An original pagination sequence also runs through both volumes between ff 1-194; these numbers are written in ink, and are located in the top outermost corner of each page. The pagination is intermittent in places as numbers have been lost as a result of damage to the folios.Condition: The volumes have suffered from extensive pest damage resulting in the loss of a significant amount of text, and as a result the content can be difficult to read in places.
The file concerns the drafting and publication of nationality and property laws for Bahrein [Bahrain].The relevant Order in Council and King's Regulations (copies of which are included) are as follows:The Bahrein (Amendment) Order in Council, 1937The Bahrein Law regarding Ownership of Immovable Property in Bahrein by Foreigners Regulation, 1937The Bahrein Property Law (Amending) Regulation, 1938Registration of Transfer of Immovable Property in Bahrein (Regulation 3 of 1947)The correspondence is mainly from the Foreign Office, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Political Agent, Bahrain.The papers include correspondence concerning the Government of Iran's response to the new laws, in view of Iran's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain (folios 147-160); and a proposal by the Government of Bahrain to restrict the acquisition of land property in Bahrain by Iraqis and Saudi Arabians, in view of the fact that a great proportion of the most valuable land, especially in Manama, was owned by foreigners (folios 39-52).The French language content of the file consists of six folios of diplomatic correspondence from the Government of Iran; the Arabic language content of the file consists of notices (with English translations) issued by the Government of Bahrain.The file also contains copies of earlier correspondence dated 1902-09, and 1927. There are no papers in the file dated 1941-46.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (446 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file. Folio 74 is the second and last page of a letter, the first page of which seems not to be present in the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 447; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-446; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The volume contains correspondence relating to the employment and activities of British Agents responsible to the Persian Gulf Residency at Bushire. The correspondents include: Felix Jones, British Resident at Bushire; the Government of Bombay; Captain Christopher Palmer Rigby, British Consul and Agent at Zanzibar; Syed Thuweynee [Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Muscat; the British Agency at Muscat; Commanders of the Persian Gulf Naval Squadron; the British Agency at Sharjah; the British Agency at Shiraz; Prince Tahmasp, Governor of Fars; Charles Murray (later Charles Alison), British Minister at Tehran; and Lieutenant R W Whish, Commander of the
Mahi.The volume is organised into sections, each relating to a different topic, as follows:Subject 1: Relates to the British Agent at Muscat, covering the following matters:the dismissal of Heskael bin Yusuf as Agent due to lack of communication and inefficiency;the appointment by Jones of Henry Chester as Agent, and his subsequent removal because of the need for officers of his rank in the navy;the argument, put forward by Jones, for the need for a British-born agent at Muscat because of the sensitive political situation (the political split between Zanzibar and Muscat), a new telegraph station at Muscat that requires the expertise to operate, the slave traffic in Oman, and the growing influence of foreign powers (France) in the country;the appointment of William Pengelley as Political Agent at Muscat.The section contains (folios 24-32) detailed instructions for new agents at Muscat and a discussion of the protection to be given to banyans (Indian traders) in the region and the extent of British jurisdiction.Subject 2: relates to friction and disagreement between Jones and Hormuzd Rassam, appointed temporarily as British Agent at Muscat, caused by the former communicating directly with the Sultan of Muscat and the latter considering himself under the authority of the Residency at Aden, not Bushire.Subject 3: relates to Hajee Yacoob [Ḥājī Ya‘qūb], British Agent at Shargah [Sharjah], including praise and reward for his good service, and compensation paid to the family of Hajee el-Mir [Ḥājī al-Mīr], a munshi who drowned off Sharjah and was employed at the Agency.Subject 4: also relates to Ḥājī Ya‘qūb, specifically the transferral of a boat in store at Bassadore [Bāsaʻīdū] to Sharjah for the use of the Agent.Subject 5: relates to the position of British Agent at Shiraz after the Anglo-Persian War. Matters covered include:the re-appointment of Meerza Mahomed Hussun Khan [Mīrza Moḥamad Ḥasan Khān] as agent by Jones and his subsequent dismissal in favour of Hajee Mahomed Khuleel [Ḥājī Moḥamad Khalīl], who had been appointed by Charles Augustus Murray, British Minister at Tehran;the disagreement between Jones and Murray following these events;the routes of communication with India to be used and whether, if Shiraz is bypassed, to retain an agent there.Subject 6: relates to the resignation of Ḥājī Moḥamad Khalīl as agent at Shiraz and a cholera epidemic affecting the city.Subject 7: relates to the appointment of E N Castelli as British Agent at Shiraz, his retirement shortly afterwards, and the re-appointment of Moḥamad Ḥasan Khān. Also briefly covers Charles Murray's return to Europe on sick leave.Subject 8: consists of correspondence between the Resident at Bushire and Castelli, Agent at Shiraz, on miscellaneous topics, including the case of a Persian merchant in Bombay, naturalised as a British subject, seeking legal protection in Persia, and the death of Mirza Mahomed Ali Khan [Mīrza Moḥamad ‘Ali Khān] Nawabi Hindi.Subject 9: relates to the work of several munshis employed by the British Government, including:interpreter Meerza Mahomed Jawad [Mīrza Moḥamad Jawād] joins a mission to Muskat [Muscat];praise for the work of Abdool Kurrem [‘Abdul Karīm];Abdool Cassim [‘Abdul Qāsim] transferred from the
Cliveto the
Aucklandto be appointed the Commodore's munshi.Subject 10: relates to a claim by Khulfan Rattonsee on the estate of the deceased brother of Moolla Ahmed [Mullā Aḥmad], British Agent at Lingah and complaints made about former Muscat Agent, Hezkiel.Subject 11: relates to leave granted to Khodadad bin Mahomed [Khudādād bin Moḥamad], Slave Agent at Bāsaʻīdū, in order to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca.1 volume (318 folios)The volume is firstly divided into sections relating to a specific subject within the main subject of British Agents. Each section is given a subject number, ranging from 1 to 11, and arranged using this number. Within each section the correspondence is arranged chronologically.Foliation is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio of writing, on number 2, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 303. There are the following irregularities: f 55 is followed by f 55A; f 90 is followed by f 90A; f 106 is followed by ff 106A-B; f 158 is followed by f 158A; f 162 is followed by f 162A; f 195 is followed f 195A; f 207 is followed by f 207A; f 218 is followed by f 218A; f 237 is followed by f 237A; f 238 is followed by f 238A; f 255 is followed by f 255A; f 267 is followed by f 267A; f 278 is followed by f 278A; f 280 is followed by f 280A; f 286 is followed by f 286A.
The file contains correspondence, mainly telegrams, relating to British propaganda forwarded to the Persian Gulf for dissemination.It largely consists of weekly telegrams from the Secretary of State for India, London, to the Government of India and others. The telegrams contain Ministry of Information news items about the war in Europe (Second World War) and how to communicate them in press, publicity and public relations work overseas. Recipients include the Government of India’s Bureau of Public Information; the Publicity Officer, Bahrain; and HM Minister, Kabul.The file also includes an extract (in Arabic translation and French original) from the book
Redressement économique et Industrialisation de la Nouvelle Turquie, by Orhan Conker and Emile Witmeur, published Paris, 1937. The title is also referred to in English as 'Economic Recovery and Industrialization of New Turkey'.The file includes two dividers, which give a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (357 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.
The file concerns the Post and Telegraph Office in Kuwait and its development, to sustain the growing oil industry in Kuwait.The file contains:Proposed transfer of the control of the Post Office from Iraq to the Government of India, 1925-29Proposed abolition of the Iraq Post and Telegraph Office at Kuwait, 1931Proposed diversion of the Basrah-Kuwait telegraph line, 1931Statements showing the expenditure and the income of Kuwait Post Office during the years 1926-35Proposed establishment of wireless station at Kuwait to take the place of the existing Post and Telegraph Office administered by the Iraq Government, 1932-38Proposed agreement between Kuwait and Iraq, concerning administration of Kuwait postal, telegraph and telephone services, 1932-33Extract of commercial agreement between ruler of Kuwait and Kuwait Oil Company, 1934Participation of Iraq in Empire Air Mail Scheme, 1939Sharing of revenues between Kuwait and Iraq, 1940.The file is composed of correspondence between: the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Director General of Post and Telegraphs for Iraq; the Government of India, the Foreign Office; the India Office; the Political Agent at Kuwait; the Ministry of Economics and Communications of Iraq; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iraq; the ruler of Iraq [King Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī]; the ruler of Kuwait [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ]; the British Embassy at Baghdad; Charles Harry Clinton Pirie-Gordon; Kuwait Oil Company; the Treasury; Frank C Strick and Company Limited; and Imperial and International Communications Limited.There is a document in Arabic with English translation in the file, a letter from the Political Agent at Kuwait to the ruler of Kuwait, and the translation of an article, from the newspaper
Al-Bilad. There is also a document in French, a letter from the Bureau International de l'Union Postale Universelle.1 file (543 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 544; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file is largely made up of correspondence, with occasional internal India Office notes, and records of inter-departmental meetings. The subject matter is the establishment of an aerodrome on the Trucial Coast to facilitate the transfer of Imperial Airways' Europe-India route from Southern Persia to the Arabian Coast. There is some material related to the selection of a suitable site. However, much of the file is concerned with negotiations with Shaikh Sultan bin Saqar, Ruler of Sharjah; Sharjah was selected by British officials as the most promising site for a landing ground. The file therefore contains a number of reports on the political situation at Sharjah, the progress of negotiations, and discussion over terms and conditions. A copy of the final agreement can be found on folios 225-228.The agreement with the Shaikh of Sharjah provided for the construction of a rest house to be owned by the Shaikh but rented by Imperial Airways. The file therefore includes discussion relating to arrangements for the financing and construction of the rest house. There is also a detailed consideration of the measures needed to ensure its security, and measures to be taken by British forces in the event of an attack on the facility: see folios 18-27 for a copy of the
Sharjah Defence Scheme.The file also contains discussion between British officials over their response to the following two proposals submitted by the Government of the Netherlands: a proposal for Anglo-Dutch-French co-operative partnership in approaching civil aviation matters linking Europe and the Far East, with a particular view to negotiations with Persia; and a request for access to the Arab Coast air route.In addition to the immediate response to the Netherlands Government, the file includes discussion related to how British policy over the Trucial Coast should develop in response to developments in civil aviation.Also contained within the file are a number of papers circulated by the Committee of Imperial Defence's Standing Official Sub-committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East. These papers relate to a proposal from Imperial Airways to use landplanes along the Arabian Coast route instead of flying boats; the file contains extensive technical comparisons between the ‘Hannibal’ four engine landplane (the Handley Page H.P.42) and three engine ‘Calcutta’ flying boat (the Short S.8).There is a limited amount of discussion, towards to front of the correspondence, over the state of British negotiations with Persia. However, this is not the focus of the file.A couple of letters from the Government of the Netherlands are in French (see folios 296-301) and the final agreement with the Shaikh of Sharjah (folios 225-228) is in both English and Arabic. The vast majority of the file is in English.The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Hugh Vincent Biscoe, and later Trenchard Craven William Fowle), the Political Agent at Kuwait (Harold Richard Patrick Dickson), and the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf. It also includes correspondence with officials of the following governmental departments: the Admiralty, the Air Ministry, the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India.Most of the material in the file covers the period 1932 to 1935. Only a single letter, dated 31 March 1940, falls outside this range.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (636 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 637; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.
This volume contains correspondence between British officials concerning a number of requests to be sent copies of various treaties agreed between Britain and rulers/states in the Persian Gulf.In addition to this correspondence, the volume also contains copies of many of the treaties that are discussed (some of which are in both English and Arabic) as follows:'Exclusive Agreement of the Chief of Abu Dhabi with the British Government, dated the 6th March, 1892' (folio 53)'Agreement of 23rd January 1899 with Ruler of Kuwait' (folios 54-55)'Exclusive Agreeemnt of the Shaikh of Bahrein with the British Government, dated the 13th March, 1892' (folios 56)'Text of Treaty, dated November 3, 1916, and ratified on March, 23, 1918, with Sheikh Abdullah-bin-Jasim-bin-Thani of El Katr' (folios 57-60)'Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Between Great Britain and Muscat - 1891. Signed at Muscat. March 19th - 1891. Ratifications were exchanged in 1892' (folios 61-74)'Agreement Regarding the Cession of Territory by the Sultan of Oman, Dated 20th March, 1891' (folio 75-76)'Extract from Treaty of Erzurum concluded between Persia and Turkey on May 31st, 1847' in French (folios 77-78)'Memorandum on Certain Aspects of the Situation in the Persian Gulf as between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, the Government of India, and the Persian Government' (folios 102-103)'Precis of the Treaties and Engagements between the British Government and the Chiefs of the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf' September 29 1928 (folios 106-108)'Memorandum on British Commitments to the Sheikh of Mavia' (folios 179-181)'Idrisi Treaty - Text of Treaty of April 30th, 1915' (folios 184-185)'Treaties and Agreements between the British Government and Certain Arab Rulers and Agreements Between the Said Rulers InterSe Affecting the British Government' Manager of India Press, Calcutta, 1926 (folios 186-210).The volume includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (208 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 210; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This file relates to boundaries in eastern Arabia (specifically Saudi Arabia and Qatar). It concerns British policy regarding what is referred to as the 'blue line' (the frontier which marked the Ottoman Government's renunciation of its claims to Bahrain and Qatar, as laid down in the non-ratified Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 and redefined and adopted in the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of the following year).Much of the correspondence relates to a request for a copy of the 1913 Anglo-Ottoman Convention, which was submitted by the United States Embassy in Angora [Ankara] to its British counterpart (reportedly on behalf of the United States' State Department), as well as to the wider significance of this request in relation to the United States' oil interests in the region.The correspondence also discusses Foreign Office concerns that aerial survey work carried out by the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc) in relation to its Hasa oil concession might extend beyond the blue line (subsequent correspondence relays reports of Casoc's aeroplane having crossed the blue line).Although the date range of the file is 1913-1934 most of the material dates from 1934. In addition to correspondence from 1934, the file includes two letters between officials of the Foreign Office and the India Office dating from 1924, and printed copies of the Anglo-Ottoman Conventions of 1913 and 1914 (in English and French), both of which contain enclosed maps (with text in English and Arabic). Also included with the Conventions are printed copies of agreements and treaties between Britain and various Gulf rulers, covering 1820-1904, and printed copies of Anglo-Ottoman protocols, covering 1903-1905.Notable correspondents include the following: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle); the British Ambassador in Angora (Percy Loraine); Hugh Millard, United States Embassy, London; officials of the Foreign Office and the India Office.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).1 file (90 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 91; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file documents steps considered and taken by the British to combat reported Italian anti-British propaganda and disseminate pro-British propaganda in the Middle East and beyond.The file's principal correspondents are the following: His Majesty's Ambassador in Rome (Eric Drummond); the British Consul-General, Addis Ababa (Hugh Stonehewer Bird); His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires, Addis Ababa (Patrick Maxwell Roberts); the British Consul-General, Batavia (Henry Fitzmaurice); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Reader William Bullard); officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Government of India's External Affairs Department.Included in the correspondence is discussion of the following:Ibn Saud's [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] views on Italian activities in the Middle East.The movements of Shakib Arslan of the Syria Palestine Islamic League, including his reported visit to Rome in November 1936.The Italian regime in Ethiopia (including its education system) and the effect of Italian propaganda on Ethiopia's Muslim population.Reports of the publication of a manifesto in Libya that claims for Mussolini the title of 'Protector of Islam'.Accounts of speeches and statements given by Mussolini regarding Italy's attitude towards Muslim populations.Reported Italian sympathies amongst the Arab population in Palestine.Reports of Italian-inspired anti-British propaganda in the Dutch East Indies (mainly in Java), and the possibility of counteracting its effect on the local Arab population by sending pro-British Arabic periodicals to influential Arab residents there (also considered is the possibility of sending visitors from the Persian Gulf to deliver pro-British lectures).Italian propaganda regarding the financial assistance provided by the Italian authorities for Ethiopian Muslims to make the pilgrimage to Mecca.Steps taken by the British authorities in Alexandria to combat anti-British propaganda in Egypt, which include establishing a pro-British magazine named
Zahrat el Sharq.The Arabic language material consists of a copy of the first issue of the aforementioned magazine,
Zahrat el Sharq, dated 18 July 1938 and mainly consisting of pro-British propaganda. The French language material consists of several items of correspondence and a copy of a text which translates into English as 'Islam Policy of Italy'.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).1 file (228 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 229; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-229; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The volume concerns the export of red oxide mined on the island of Abu Musa [Abū Mūsá].The main correspondents are senior officials of the Foreign Office and the India Office; the First Assistant Resident in charge of the Political Residency (Major Arthur Prescott Trevor); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox); the Viceroy; and German Government officials.The papers cover the progress of diplomatic negotiations between the British and German governments over contractual rights to remove red oxide from the island by the German firm Robert Wönckhaus & Company.The volume also contains copies of earlier correspondence and agreements dated 1899-1909.The French language content of the volume consists of approximately fifty folios of diplomatic correspondence between British and German officials.The Arabic language content of the volume consists of citations of Arabic words (with English transliterations) in several letters, in which the precise meaning of the Arabic terms is discussed.Each part includes a divider, which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (480 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 161 (Persian Gulf: Abu Musa Oxide) consists of three volumes: IOR/L/PS/10/127-129. The volumes are divided into three parts with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 476; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers; nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 454-476; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.
This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding the delineation of the border between the British Protectorate of Aden and the Ottoman Vilayet of Yemen.Much of the correspondence is between officials at the Foreign Office and the India Office. Much of the correspondence relates to negotiations between the British and the Ottoman Empire and the work of the Anglo-Turkish Boundary Commission (under Colonel Robert Alexander Wahab and Colonel Mustapha Remzi Bey). The file contains some copies of correspondence in French that were sent to Ottoman officials in the course of negotiations.The file contains seven maps, the details of which are as follows:a series of four maps entitled 'South Arabia, Anglo-Turkish Boundary' Sheets 1-4 (folios 43-46);a printed map entitled 'Map of Subaihi Border' with place names in English and Arabic (folio 120);a printed map of the Shekh Sa'id [Sheikh Said] Peninsula (folio 121);a printed map entitled 'Sketch Map of Aden Boundary' (folio 276).The volume includes a divider which gives the year that the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in it arranged by year. This divider is placed at the front of the volume.1 volume (300 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.The Subject 37 (Aden) contains 5 files, IOR/L/PS/10/63-67.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 300; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file concerns the issue in Bahrain, at the request of the Ruler of Bahrain, of Indian postage stamps bearing the surcharge 'Bahrain' (i.e. overprinted with the word 'Bahrain') and the response of the Persian Government in view of Persia's claim to Bahrain.The correspondence is mainly between the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and officials of the Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department (including the Sub-Postmaster, Bahrain). Other correspondents include Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain; and the Political Agent, Kuwait. Enclosures to correspondence from the Political Resident to the Political Agent, Bahrain include correspondence from the Government of India; the Foreign Office; HM Chargé d'Affaires, Tehran; and the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, Berne, Switzerland.The papers cover: discussion by British officials of whether or not to issue the surcharged stamps in view of the likelihood of protests by the Government of Persia and the impact on treaty negotiations between Britain and Persia, October 1932 - July 1933; the involvement of the League of Nations, November 1932; the involvement of the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, March 1933; the decision by the British authorities not to use the surcharged stamps on official correspondence addressed to Persia, but to send it under cover of the Political Agency, Kuwait instead, August 1933; the dispatch of the new stamps from India and their issue to the public on 10 August 1933, August 1933; the presentation by the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifah [Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah], of a collection of the new stamps to King George V, August 1933; the need to avoid the use in Bahrain of unsurcharged Indian stamps, as this would constitute a violation of sovereignty, August 1933; the charging by the Persian postal authorities of double inland postage on items of mail franked with Bahrain stamps, August 1933 and December 1933; use of the surcharge 'Bahrain' to apply to postcards and envelopes also, November 1933; use by local correspondents in Bahrain of ordinary Indian stamps, January 1934; continuing non-recognition of Bahrain stamps by the Persian post office, October 1934; and continuing Persian representations to the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, March 1935. (Enclosures are recorded under the date of their covering letter.)The French language content of the file consists of five folios of correspondence from the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union; the Arabic language content of the file consists of two folios of correspondence: one from the Ruler of Bahrain (folio 110) and one from the Political Agent, Bahrain (folio 168).The date range gives the covering dates of the chronological run of correspondence. The earliest dated document in the file is an enclosure dated 24 August 1932 on folio 36.1 volume (267 folios)The papers are filed in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file, except where enclosures of an earlier date are filed after the relevant covering letter, and terminate in a set of notes (folios 239-267). Serial numbers written in ink and pencil, e.g. 's.no: 68', which occur occasionally in the papers, refer to entries in the notes.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 269; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-268; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in same position as the main sequence.
This part of the volume (folios 364-421a) contains correspondence related to the question of the supply of arms to Afghanistan, Tibet and Nepal in light of the Arms Traffic Convention signed in September 1919. It includes a copy of the Convention for the Control of the Trade in Arms and Ammunition and Protocol (folios 390-407) signed on 10 September 1919. The Convention is provided in both English and French.The Convention covers the following subheadings:Export of Arms and AmmunitionImport of Arms and Ammunition. Prohibited Areas and Zone of Maritime SupervisionSupervision on LandMaritime SupervisionGeneral Provisions.This part also includes correspondence discussing the interpretation of the term 'export' in the view of the existing arrangements to control arms trafficking.The main correspondents in this part of the volume are the Secretary of State; the Viceroy, Foreign Department; the Foreign Office; and the Under-Secretary of State, Government of India.1 item (58 folios)
The volume concerns the disputed concession for the mining of red oxide on the island of Abu Musa [Abū Mūsá].The main correspondents are senior officials of the Foreign Office and the India Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Percy Zachariah Cox); and the Viceroy. The papers cover discussion of territorial rights over the island; the claims of the German firm Robert Wönckhaus & Company to be allowed to mine red oxide there; representations on behalf of Robert Wönckhaus & Company from the German Government; claims for profits from the concession; reported German attempts to obtain Turkish intervention in the question, March 1908; and Foreign Office agreement that Wönckhaus should be allowed to fulfil their contracts, May 1908.There are also copies of papers (folios 89-226) documenting the history of mining rights on the island, dated 1883-1907, including correspondence from two of the holders of the mining concession, Haji Hassan bin Ali Samaiyeh and Esa bin Abdul Latif [‘Īsá bin ‘Abd al-Laṭīf], son of the Residency Agent, Shargah [Sharjah]; Shaikh Salim bin Sultan [Sālim bin Sulṭān Āl Qāsimī], the owner of the mines; Shaikh Sagar bin Khalid [Ṣaqr bin Khālid Āl Qasimī], Ruler of Sharjah; and Abdul Latif, the Residency Agent, Sharjah. These are accompanied by copies of agreements; and witness statements concerning the turning away of a German dhow from Abu Musa on 23 October 1907. The correspondence is in the form of English translations, followed in most cases by copies of the Arabic originals.There is a small amount (under five folios) of diplomatic correspondence in French.Each part includes a divider, which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (377 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 161 (Persian Gulf: Abu Musa Oxide) consists of three volumes: IOR/L/PS/10/127-129. The volumes are divided into three parts with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 377; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 202-377 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The front and back covers, along with the leading and ending flyleaves, have not been foliated.
The file contains correspondence relating to Customs charges and procedures at the Port of Kuwait, Customs co-operation between the Kuwait Customs authorities, the Persian Customs authorities at Bushire and the British Collector of Customs at Basra, and also detailed reports of the negotiations in 1923 between the Ruler of Kuwait and Ibn Saud (the Sultan of Najd) about proposed Najd Customs collection at Kuwait. The majority of the correspondence is between the British Political Agent at Kuwait and the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire. It includes several letters of complaint received from British companies and commercial agents operating in the Persian Gulf, mainly with regard to import and export charges levied on their shipped goods by the Kuwait Customs authorities. The Arabic correspondence in the file consists mainly of an exchange of letters between the Political Agent at Kuwait and the Ruler of Kuwait. There is also a small amount of correspondence in French from the Inspector General of Persian Customs at Bushire to the Secretary to the Political Resident at Bushire, in 1927 and 1928.1 file (203 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 205; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two irregular additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.Condition: a small amount of text is difficult to read because the edge of the paper is torn (folios 105, 145 and 146).
The volume contains parts 6, 7, and 8 of the subject 'Koweit' [Kuwait]:Part 6 (IOR/L/PS/10/50/1) concerns the status of citizens of Kuwait in Persia.Part 7 (IOR/L/PS/10/50/2) concerns the proposal that vessels from Kuwait should adopt a distinctive flag, and the likely reaction this would bring from the Government of Turkey [the Ottoman Empire].Part 8 (IOR/L/PS/10/50/3) concerns the attitudes of the rulers of Kuwait and other Persian Gulf coast states toward the political activities of Ibn Sa‘ūd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.The date range gives the covering dates of all the documents in the volume; the Secret Department minute papers, which enclose those documents, are dated 1904-07.1 volume (324 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 1855 (Koweit [Kuwait]) consists of five volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/47-51. The volumes are divided into ten parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume, parts 3 and 4 comprising the second volume, part 5 comprising the third volume, parts 6, 7, and 8 comprising the fourth volume, and parts 9 and 10 comprising the fifth volume.Condition: folio 2 is missing; the remains of a torn folio indicates it has been removed from the volume.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 324; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The front cover, and one leading flyleaf have not been foliated.
Correspondence exchanged between the German Consulate at Buschär [Bushire] (Helmuth Listemann) and others: the Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] representative of the German firm Robert Wönckhaus and Company (Herr H Rosenfeld; Herr Krumpeter); the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox); German Government officials at the Auswärtiges Amt (Foreign Office) in Berlin, the German Chargé d’Affaires in Tehran (Hartmann Oswald Heinrich Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen).The correspondence refers to a dispute over a concession for the mining and shipment of red oxide at Abū Mūsá, originally awarded to Arab merchants by Shaikh Sālim bin Sulṭān Āl Qāsimī of Sharjah in 1898, and part of which was subsequently acquired by Wönckhaus and Company in 1906. The dispute was sparked by the Ruler of Sharjah, Shaikh Ṣaqr bin Khālid Āl Qāsimī’s cancellation of the concession in 1907, and subsequent claims by Wönckhaus and Company and the German Government, over financial losses arising from the cancellation of the concession.Amongst the papers are copies of correspondence, agreements and other papers dating between 1892 and 1907, relating to the original contract to mine red oxide at Abū Mūsá. Many of these agreements are in Arabic, with most accompanied by English translations.The majority of the file’s correspondence is in German. Official letters exchanged between the German Consul at Bushire and the British Political Resident are in French.1 file (263 folios)The file’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end.The subject 4949 (Abu Musa oxide) consists of six volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/318-323. The volumes are divided into six parts, with each part comprising one volume. Part 6 (IOR/L/PS/10/323) is missing.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 263; these numbers are printed, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This volume relates to the British occupation of Basidu, situated on Kishm [Qeshm] Island in the Gulf, close to the south coast of Persia [Iran], and occupied by the British since the early 1820s. It is stated in the correspondence that the site had been used mainly as a coal depot for British naval vessels until 1913, and that since then it has been retained on 'political grounds', as a potential bargaining asset in negotiations with Persia.The correspondence primarily concerns the British claim (or lack thereof) to Basidu, in the event of the Persian Government questioning Britain's ongoing occupation. It covers the history of Basidu's status and the various existing agreements that relate to it, as part of an attempt by the British to gather documentary evidence to support their claim. Also discussed are a number of reported incidents at Basidu, involving British representatives and the local Persian authorities, mainly regarding customs, taxes, and the presence of the British naval guard. In addition, the correspondence touches on Anglo-Persian relations in general, with occasional references being made to ongoing treaty negotiations between the two countries.The volume's principal correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the British Minister in Tehran; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; officials of the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Admiralty, and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department. Other notable but less frequent correspondents include the following: the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; the Viceroy of India; the Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station; the Law Officers of the Crown.Included with the correspondence are several related documents, including the following: two sketch maps (f 622); copies (in English and Arabic) of a treaty dated 1856 between Muscat and Persia, in which the Imam of Muscat acknowledges Kishm Island as being part of the Persian Empire (f 179 and ff 221-223); draft and final copies of an India Office memorandum dated 18 October 1933, outlining Britain's understanding of the history of the status of Basidu from 1720 to 1928, including extracts from nineteenth century reports and related correspondence (ff 46-54 and ff 123-159); a submission of reference, prepared by the India Office and the Foreign Office, for the Law Officers of the Crown, requesting the latter's legal opinion on the strength of the British claim to Basidu (ff 43-45 and ff 67-83); a copy of a secret report on Basidu, prepared by the Commander-in-Chief at the East Indies Station, containing extracts from the East Indies Station's records and notes from the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf (ff 16-38).The Arabic language material consists of the aforementioned treaty text. The material written in French consists of small extracts from correspondence and treaty articles. It should be noted that there is no material covering the years 1924 and 1925.The volume includes two dividers, which give a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (ff 4-5).1 volume (649 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 4011 (Persian Gulf Negotiations) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/1094-1095. The volumes are divided into two parts, with each part comprising one volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 651; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
This file contains correspondence and documents related to the work of the Aden Boundary Commission, the British Government body tasked with the delineation of the borders of the British Protectorate of Aden. Much of the correspondence in the file relates specifically to the Subaihi border region.The file contains a number of letters from Colonel Robert Alexander Wahab, the Commissioner of the Aden Boundary Commission, sent to the Political and Secret Department of the India Office in London (and the British Political Residency in Aden). The file also contains extracts from Wahab's diary related to his work on the commission.The file contains a detailed report on the demarcation of the frontier entitled: 'Report on the Demarcation of the Frontier between the Tribes in the Protectorate of Aden and the Turkish Province of Yemen; by Major-General P. J. Maitland, C.B., Political Resident at Aden' (folios 25-44).The file contains a number of maps as follows:a printed map of the Sheikh Sa'id Peninsula (folio 94);a printed map of the border region of the British protectorate of Aden (folio 112);a printed map entitled 'Map of Haushabi and Subaihi Border' with list of place names in English and Arabic (folio 237);a printed map of the Sheikh Sa'id Peninsula (folio 239);a hand-drawn entitled 'Map Illustrating Southern Subaihi Frontier Proposals Referred to in Sir N O'Conor's Telegram No. 112' (folio 288);a printed sketch-map entitled 'Aden Boundary Commission Survey Sketch Accompanying No. 19 of 15th March 1904' (folio 291);a printed sketch entitled 'Aden Boundary Commission Survey Sketch Accompanying No. 21 of 15th March 1904' (folio 456);a printed map entitled 'Aden Frontier Survey, Subaihi Boundary in Wadi Ma'din' (folio 457).The file also contains correspondence related to French claims of ownership over Sheikh Said (Cheikh Said), a peninsula near the island of Perim on the Mandeb Strait at the entrance to the Red Sea. The file contains original copies of articles on this topic that were printed in the French newspaper
La Dépêche Colonialein September and October 1904
.The majority of the correspondence in the file is in English, but also enclosed is a limited amount of correspondence from the Ottoman Ambassador in London that is in French.The volume includes a divider which gives the year that the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in it arranged by year. This divider is placed at the front of the volume.1 file (596 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.The Subject 37 (Aden) contains 5 files, IOR/L/PS/10/63-67.Foliation: the foliation commences at the inside front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
The file contains papers of the Political Agency, Kuwait, relating to the American Mission.It includes correspondence between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and the following: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Dr C S G Mylrea of the American Mission, Kuwait, and Shaikh Ahmad al-Jabir as-Subah, Ruler of Kuwait; regarding the American Mission purchasing one acre of land adjoining their property.It also includes:correspondence between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and Mylrea, regarding debts owed by the American dentist Dr Reasonercorrespondence between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, and between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and Reverend John Van Ess of the American Mission, Basrah [Basra], concerning Van Ess’s request for the texts of certain agreements and treaties for the purposes of lecturing in Americacorrespondence between the Political Agency, Kuwait, and L D Scott and others, relating to the presentation of a gift for Reverend Mr Barny, who is leaving the Gulf after forty years in the American Mission to Arabiacorrespondence between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and Dr P W Harrison, American Mission, Kuwait, concerning a petition received by the Ruler of Kuwait signed by a number of Kuwaitis, appealing against the return of Dr Mylrea as Mission DoctorThere are three folios of documents in Arabic in the file: a letter (for which there is a copy translated into English) and land deeds from Sheik Ahmad al-Jabir as-Subah, Ruler of Kuwait. The text of two copies of Articles 5-7 of the Kuwait section of the Anglo-Turkish Agreement of 1913, also included in the file, is in French.1 file (54 folios)The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 54; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 3-53, and ff 16-28; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
The file contains case correspondence, including several witness statements and a record of hearing proceedings held at the British Political Agency in Kuwait. These case papers relate to the investigation and resolution of 27 individual claims that were submitted to the Political Agent, Kuwait by resident British Indian subjects, merchants in India and others. The majority of claims concern either the non-payment of debts, goods or services, or land and property rights. The correspondence is mainly between the Political Agent at Kuwait and the individual claimants and defendants in each case. There are several letters, statements and notes in Arabic, two statements of account in Persian relating to goods purchased on credit, one letter of claim in French and one short note in Tamil.1 file (299 folios)At the front of the file is a table of contents entitled ‘Index’. It lists each civil case according to the name of the claimant and the nature of their claim, together with the folio reference (described as the ‘page’ reference) on which the case papers begin. The folio reference given in the table of contents belongs to a superseded foliation sequence, which is written in pencil, but not circled. Each set of case papers appear in the file in chronological order, based on the commencement date of the claim. Within each individual case record, the claim papers are also arranged in approximate chronological order.Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 301; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional irregular foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 8-300; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are at times crossed out. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This file contains papers relating to proposed increases in the rates of import duty charged by the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.It includes papers concerning:The decision of the British Government that, instead of seeking to amend the Commercial Treaty of 1891 between Muscat and the United Kingdom (Article 6 of which prevented the Muscat Government from imposing import duties higher than five per cent), they should address a note to the Muscat Government to the effect that, despite Article 6 of the Treaty, subject to certain conditions, no objection would be raised on behalf of HM Government to an increase in the Muscat custom duties of ten per cent (twenty five per cent on tobacco and alcoholic liquor fifty five or less degrees under proof)The need for the British Government to obtain the authorisation of HM Government in Canada and the Irish Free State for an increase in Muscat customs dutiesThe British Government obtaining the agreement of the French Government for them to address a similar note to the Muscat Government on behalf of the French Government, to the effect that, despite Article 10 of the Treaty between Muscat and France of 1844 (which also precluded the Muscat Government from charging import duties higher than five per cent), they would consent to the same increase in the Muscat customs duties.The papers mostly consist of correspondence and India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Board of Trade; the Foreign Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the British Embassy, Paris; the Dominions Office; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs; and the Political Agent and HM Consul, Muscat.The French language content of the file consists of copies of notes from the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs to the British Ambassador to Paris, dated 3 August 1932, 20 February 1933, 6 April 1933, 29 June 1934, 18 December 1935, and 7 May 1936.The Arabic content of the file consists of the following documents: extracts from the Political Resident’s notes to the Sultan of Muscat, and vice versa, dated 19 June 1933 and 4 March 1934 respectively, which are in both Arabic and English; a letter in Arabic from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated 14 November 1938, with an English translation; an English and an Arabic copy of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between the United Kingdom and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, dated 5 February 1939 (ratified 7 February 1939); and notifications from the Political Agent, Muscat, dated 19 April and 7 October 1940, regarding customs duty, which are in both English and Arabic.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 file (402 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order form the rear to the front of the file.The subject 4640 (Muscat) consists of two volumes and one file, IOR/L/PS/10/1275-1277. The volumes and file are divided into two parts, with part 2 comprising one volume, and part 4 comprising the second volume and the file. There is no part 1 or part 3.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 403; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
This volume contains papers relating to British policy in Muscat. It includes some papers regarding the situation at Sur; however most of the volume concerns the financial situation of the Muscat state, mainly the proposal to increase state revenues by removing the limitation on the power of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman to impose customs duties in excess of five per cent.It includes papers concerning the British Government asking the governments of the United States of America and France to agree to the modification of Article 3 of the Commercial Treaty between Muscat and the United States of 1833, and Article 10 of the Treaty between Muscat and France of 1844, respectively, which prevented the Sultan from levying import duties in excess of five per cent, in order to enable the general tariff and the tariff on alcohol and cigarettes to be increased.The volume also includes papers regarding the question of the revision of the tariff provisions of the Commercial Treaty of 1891 between Muscat and the United Kingdom, which also precluded the Muscat Government from imposing import or export duties higher than five per cent.In addition, the volume includes papers relating to the eventual proposal to abandon attempts to secure a modification of the Muscat Commercial Treaties with France and the USA, and instead to raise the tariff rate against all goods other than those carried in French and American vessels and those covered by the Commercial Declaration between Muscat and the Netherlands of 1877. This was due to the United States Government only being willing to consider the modification of the 1833 Treaty with Muscat on the basis of the accord of most favoured nation treatment to US nationals as well as US goods, which the Muscat Council had raised objections to, and which the India Office considered unacceptable.The papers consist of correspondence, draft treaty articles, India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers, reports, memoranda, and copies of the Maskat [Muscat] Order in Council, 1915 and the Maskat (Amendment) Order in Council, 1922.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Foreign Office; the British Embassy, Washington; and the British Embassy, Paris.The volume also includes: letters from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman to the Political Agent at Muscat, dated 9 March 1930, and to the Officiating Political Resident at Bushire, dated 25 August 1931, which are in Arabic with English translations; and letters in French from the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs to the British Ambassador to France, dated 15 October 1930 and 29 September 1931.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (489 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.The subject 4640 (Muscat) consists of two volumes and one file, IOR/L/PS/10/1275-1277. The volumes and file are divided into two parts, with part 2 comprising one volume, and part 4 comprising the second volume and the file. There is no part 1 or part 3.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 484; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The volume contains papers concerning relations between the British Government and the King of Hedjaz [Hejaz or Al-Hijaz].Most of the papers relate to negotiations between the British Government and King Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi over the terms of an Anglo-Hashimite treaty, and revisions to the draft treaty. These papers mainly consist of correspondence and copies of draft versions of the treaty.The file also includes correspondence regarding:The proposed subsidy to the King of the HedjazThe Foreign Office’s objection to the India Office’s suggestion that King Hussein should be persuaded to publicly recognise the religious suzerainty of the Sultan of Turkey as Khalif (Khaliph) over the Holy Places of the HedjazKing Hussein’s threat to abdicate on 27 February 1922, and the question of whether he should be allowed by the British Government to remain in Mecca in the event of his abdicationThe Foreign Office’s request for the views of the Secretary of State for India (Viscount Peel) on the advisability of requiring King Hussein to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, as well as to accept the treaty with HM Government, as conditions which would need to be met before Hussein would be invited to visit Great BritainThe refusal of the British Government to enter into further negotiations with King Ali ibn Hussein al-Hashimi for the conclusion of the Anglo-Hashimite treaty, following King Hussein’s abdication in October 1924 (after military defeat by Ibn Saud), ‘so long as present unsettled conditions in the Hejaz continue’.The correspondence (and copy correspondence) is mainly between the following: the India Office, the Colonial Office (John Evelyn Shuckburgh, John Ernest William Flood), and the Foreign Office; the India Office and the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Foreign Office and Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence; the Foreign Office and HM Agent and Consul at Jeddah (Major W E Marshall, Laurence Barton Grafftey-Smith, and Reader (William) Bullard, successively); the Foreign Office and Dr Naji el Assil, agent of King Hussein; the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the British Resident at Aden; and the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the High Commissioner of Palestine (Herbert Louis Samuel).The volume includes a document entitled ‘Translation of a Report sent to His Majesty King Hussein 1st to Mecca’, signed Habib Lotfallah, Envoy Extraordinary of King Hussein, London, 24 October 1920, which includes translations in French and Arabic (folios 101 to 102).The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (466 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 488 (Pt 1-2 Arabia, and Pt 3 Hedjaz) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/880 and IOR/L/PS/10/881. The volumes are divided into three parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume, and part 3 comprising the second volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 468; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams, minutes, and reports concerning arms trafficking after the war. In particular, the correspondence is concerned with the ratification of the Arms Traffic Convention of 1919 (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) by the League of Nations. The Convention covers the following subheadings: Export of Arms and Ammunition; Import of Arms and Ammunition; Prohibited Areas and Zone of Maritime Supervision; Supervision on Land; Maritime Supervision; and General Provisions.The correspondence covers the following:The establishing of an interdepartmental committee by the Ministry of Reconstruction to consider the question of the import and export of firearms in the United Kingdom after the warThe question of the supply of arms to Afghanistan, Tibet and Nepal in light of the ConventionThe interpretation of the term 'export' in the view of the existing arrangements to control arms traffickingThe measures to be taken by the British Government to give effect to the provisions of Chapters III and IV of the ConventionThe Air Ministry’s proposal that French, Italian, Belgian, and Japanese Governments should be urged to agree to prohibit export of small arms and ammunition to prohibited zonesThe application of the terms of the Convention in the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Aden and the Red SeaThe exportation of arms and ammunitions to prohibited zones specified in Article 6 of the ConventionThe question of the adhesion of various governments including France, Bulgaria, Finland, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and the United States to the ConventionThe export of arms to TurkeyThe volume includes multiple copies in both English and French of the draft convention amending the Convention signed at Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919 for the Control of the Trade in Arms and Ammunition and Protocol.The main correspondents in the volume are the Ministry of Reconstruction; the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department; the Secretary of State for India; the Board of Trade; the Viceroy, Foreign Department; the Foreign Office; the Under-Secretary of State, Government of India; the Secretary of the Admiralty, London; the Treasury Chambers; and the League of Nations.The volume consists of three parts, each of which includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence.1 volume (472 folios)The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.The subject 1355 (Peace Settlement: The Arms Traffic Convention 1919) consists of four volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/672-675. The volumes are divided into 6 parts, with part 1 comprising one volume, parts 2, 4 and 5 comprising the second volume, part 3 comprising the third volume, and part 6 comprising the fourth volume.Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 474; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.